Effect of 3,3',4',5-Tetrachlorosalicylanilide on Reduction of Excess Sludge and Nitrogen Removal in Biological Wastewater Treatment Process

  • Rho, Sang-Chul (Department of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Myongji University) ;
  • Nam, Gil-Nam (Department of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Myongji University) ;
  • Shin, Jee-Young (Department of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Myongji University) ;
  • Jahng, Deok-Jin (Department of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Myongji University)
  • 발행 : 2007.07.31

초록

A metabolic uncoupler, 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS), was used to reduce excess sludge production in biological wastewater treatment processes. Batch experiments confirmed that 0.4 mg/l of TCS reduced the aerobic growth yield of activated sludge by over 60%. However, the growth yield remained virtually constant even at the increased concentrations of TCS when cultivations were carried out under the anoxic condition. Reduction of sludge production yield was confirmed in a laboratory-scale anoxic-oxic process operated for 6 months. However, it was found that ammonia oxidation efficiency was reduced by as much as 77% in the presence of 0.8 mg/l of TCS in the batch culture. Similar results were also obtained through batch inhibition tests with activated sludges and by bioluminescence assays using a recombinant Nitrosomonas europaea (pMJ217). Because of this inhibitory effect of TCS on nitrification, the TCS-fed continuous system failed to remove ammonia in the influent. When TCS feeding was stopped, the nitrification yield of the process was resumed. Therefore, it seems to be necessary to assess the nitrogen content of wastewater if TCS is used for reducing sludge generation.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Berks, B. C., S. J. Ferguson, J. W. B. Moir, and D. J. Richardson. 1995. Enzyme and associated electron transport systems that catalyse the respiratory reduction of nitrogen oxides and oxyanions. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1232: 97173
  2. Budavari, S. and A. Sinith. 1989. The Merck Index, 11th Ed. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New York, U.S.A
  3. Chen, G H., H. K. Mo, S. Saby, W. Yip, and Y. Liu. 2000. Minimization of activated sludge production by chemically stimulated energy spilling. Water Sci. Tech. 42: 189-200 https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0269
  4. Chen, G H., H. K. Mo, and Y. Liu. 2002. Utilization of a metabolic uncoupler, 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS), to reduce sludge growth in activated sludge culture. Water Res. 36: 2077-2083 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00426-2
  5. Clescerl, L. S., A. E. Greenberg, and A. D. Eaton. 1998. Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Ed. APHA, Washington DC
  6. Cook, G. M. and J. B. Russell. 1999. Energy-spilling reactions of Streptococcus bovis and resistance of its membrane to proton conductance. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 1942-1948
  7. Gernaey, K., A. Vanderhasselt, H. Bogaert, P. Vanrolleghem, and W. Verstraete. 1998. Sensors to monitor biological nitrogen removal and activated sludge settling. J. Microbiol. Methods 32: 193-204 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(98)00023-2
  8. Halling-Sorensen, B. and S. E. Jorgense. 1993. The Removal of Nitrogen Compounds from Wastewater. Elsevier Science Publisher B. V., Netherlands
  9. Hooper, A. B. and K. R. Terry. 1973. Specific inhibitors of ammonia oxidation in Nitrosomonas. J. Bacteriol. 115: 480-485
  10. Hooper, A. B., T. Vannelli, D. J. Bergmann, and D. M. Arciero. 1997. Enzymology of the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite by bacteria. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 71: 59-67 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1000133919203
  11. Jonsson, K., E. Aspichueta, A. de la Sota, and J. La C. Jansen. 2001. Evaluation of nitrification-inhibition measurements. Water Sci. Tech. 43: 201-208
  12. Kim, W. K., R. Cui, and D. Jahng. 2005. Enrichment of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria for efficient nitrification of wastewater. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 15: 772-779
  13. Kong, Z., P. Vanrolleghem, P. Willems, and W. Verstraete. 1996. Simultaneous determination of inhibition kinetics of carbon oxidation and nitrification with a respirometer. Water Res. 30: 825-836 https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(95)00232-4
  14. Liu, Y. and J. H. Tay. 2001. Strategy for minimization of excess sludge production from the activated sludge process. Biotech. Advaences 19: 97-107 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0734-9750(00)00066-5
  15. Liu, Y. 2003. Chemically reduced excess sludge production in the activated sludge process. Chemosphere 50: 1-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00551-9
  16. Li, Y. and R. J. Chrost. 2006. Enzymatic activities in petroleum wastewater purification system by an activated sludge process. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 16: 200-204
  17. Low, E. W. and H. A. Chase. 1999. The effect of maintenance energy requirements on biomass production during wastewater treatment. Water Res. 33: 847-853 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00252-8
  18. Low, E. W., H. A. Chase, G. M. Milner, and P. T. Curtis. 2000. Uncoupling of metabolism to reduce biomass production in the activated sludge process. Water Res. 34: 3204-3212 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00364-4
  19. Mayhew, M. and T. Stephenson. 1998. Biomass yield reduction: Is biochemical manipulation possible without affecting activated sludge process efficiency? Water Sci. Tech. 38: 137-144 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00687-8
  20. Madigan, T. M., J. M. Martinko, and J. Parker. 2000. Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 9th Ed. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale
  21. Mitchell, P. and J. Moyle. 1965. Stoichiometry of proton translocation through the respiration chain and adenosine triphosphatase system of rat liver mitoc ohndria. Nature 208: 147-151 https://doi.org/10.1038/208147a0
  22. Okey, R. W. and D. H. Stensel. 1993. Uncouplers and activated sludge - the impact on synthesis and respiration. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 40: 235-254 https://doi.org/10.1080/02772249309357946
  23. Painter, H. A. 1986. Nitrification in the treatment of sewage and waste-water, pp. 185-211. In J. I. Prosser (ed.), Nitrification. lRL Press, Oxford, United Kingdom
  24. Prescott, L. M., J. P. Harley, and D. A. Klein. 1999. Microbiology, 4th Ed. McGraw-Hill Companies, U.S.A
  25. Rho, S., N. H. An, D. H. Ahn, K. H. Lee, D. H. Lee, and D. Jahng. 2005. PCR-T-RFLP analyses of bacterial communities in activated sludges in the aeration tanks of domestic and industrial wastewater treatment plants. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 15: 287-295
  26. Shin, J. Y. 2004. Detection of nitrification inhibitors using biolwninescent recombinant Nitrosomonas europaea. A Thesis for Master of Science Degree. Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
  27. Strand, E. S., G. N. Harem, and H. D. Stensel. 1999. Activated sludge yield reduction using chemical uncouplers. Water Environ. Res. 71: 454-458 https://doi.org/10.2175/106143097X122013
  28. Tay, J. H. and K. S. Show. 1997. Resource recovery of sludge as a building and construction material - a future trend in sludge management. Water Sci. Tech. 36: 259-266
  29. Thomas, S. L. and R. H. Piedrahita. 1998. Apparent ammonia-nitrogen production rates of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) in commercial aquaculture system. Aquacult. Eng. 17: 45-55 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8609(97)01014-5
  30. Wood, L. B., B. J. E. Hurley, and P. J. Matthews. 1981. Some observations on the biochemistry and inhibition of nitrification. Water Res. 15: 543-551 https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(81)90017-8
  31. Xia, X. H., Z. F. Yang, G. H. Huang, X. Q. Zhang, H. Yu, and X. Rong. 2004. Nitrification in natural waters with high suspended-solid content - A study for the Yellow River. Chemosphere 57: 1017-1029 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.08.027
  32. Yasui, H., Y. Nakamura, S. Sakuma, M. Iwasaki, and Y. Sakai. 1996. A full-scale operation of a novel activated sludge process without excess sludge production. Water Sci. Tech. 34: 359-404