한국산림과학회지 (Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science)

  • 제96권2호
  • /
  • Pages.214-221
  • /
  • 2007
  • /
  • 2586-6613(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2586-6621(eISSN)
한국산림과학회 (Korean Society of Forest Science)
권호 표지

Nutrient Turnover by Fine Roots in Temperate Hardwood and Softwood Forest Ecosystems Varying in Calcium Availability

  • 투고 : 2007.03.07
  • 심사 : 2007.03.23
  • 발행 : 2007.06.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

The effect of nutrient availability and forest type on the nutrient turnover of fine roots is important in terrestrial nutrient cycling, but it is poorly understood. I measured nutrient turnover of hardwoods and softwoods at three well studied sites in the northeastern US: Sleepers River, VT; Hubbard Brook, NH; Cone Pond, NH. Significant differences in nutrient turnover by fine roots were observed among sites, but not between forest types. The magnitude of differences for each element ranged from 3 times for P and N to 8 times for Ca and Mg between sites. Smaller differences of 0.2 to 0.8 times were observed between forest types. In hardwoods, the Sleepers River 'new' site had $23kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ Ca, $7kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ Mg, and $16kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ K turnover, owing to high root nutrient contents and turnover. Cone Pond had the highest turnover for Mn ($0.8kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$) and Al ($16kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), owing to high nutrient contents. The Hubbard Brook hardwood site exhibited the lowest turnover of these elements. In softwoods, the variation in turnover of Ca, Mg, and K was lower than in hardwoods. The Hubbard Brook had the highest turnover for P ($1.6kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), N ($31kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), Mn ($0.4kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), Al ($10kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), Fe ($6.4kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), Zn ($0.3kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), Cu ($34g\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), and C ($1.1Mg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$). Root Ca turnover exponentially increased as soil percentage Ca saturation increased because of greater root nutrient contents and more rapid turnover at the higher Ca sites. These results imply that nutrient inputs by root turnover significantly increase as soil Ca availability improves in temperate forest ecosystems.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Aber, J.D., Melillo, J.M., Nadelhoffer, K.J., McClaugherty, C.A. and Pastor, J. 1985. Fine root turnover in forest ecosystems in relation to quantity and form of nitrogen availability: a comparison of two methods. Oecologia 66: 317-321 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00378292
  2. rthur, M.A. and Fahey, T.J. 1992. Biomass and nutrients in an Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir forest in north central Colorado: pools, annual production, and internal cycling. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22: 315-325 https://doi.org/10.1139/x92-041
  3. Arthur, M.A., Siccama, T.G. and Yanai, R.D. 1999. Calcium and magnesium in wood of northern hardwood forest species: relations to site characteristics. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29: 339-346 https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-29-3-339
  4. Bakker, M.R. 1999. The effect of lime and gypsum applications on a sessile oak (Quercus petraea [M.] Liebl.) stand at La Croix-Scaille (French Ardennes) II. Fine root dynamics. Plant and Soil 206: 109-121 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004340930301
  5. Bohm, W 1979. Methods of studying root systems. Ecological Studies V. 33, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York, 188p.
  6. Bormann, F.H., Likens, G.E. and Melillo, J.M. 1977. Nitrogen budget for an aggrading northern hardwood forest ecosystem. Science 196: 981-983 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.196.4293.981
  7. Burke, M.K. and Raynal, D.J. 1994. Fine root growth phenology, production, and turnover in a northern hardwood forest ecosystem. Plant and Soil 162: 135-146 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01416099
  8. Cole, D.W and Rapp, M. 1981. Elemental cycling in forest ecosystems. In: Reichle DE, Eds. Dynamics properties of forest ecosystems. New York: Cambridge University Press. p 341-409
  9. DeHayes, D.H., Schaberg, P.G., Hawley, G.J. and Strimbeck, G.R. 1999. Acid rain impacts on calcium nutrition and forest health. Bioscience 49: 789-800 https://doi.org/10.2307/1313570
  10. Eissenstat, D.M. and Yanai, R.D. 1997. The ecology of root lifespan. Advance Ecological Research 27: 1-60 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60005-7
  11. Fahey, T.J., Bledsoe, C.S., Day, P.P., Ruess, R.W. and Smucker, A.M. 1999. Fine root production and demography. In: Robertson GP, Bledsoe CS, Coleman D, Sollins P, Eds. Standard Soil Methods for Long-Term Ecological Research. New York: Oxford University Press. p 437-55
  12. Finzi, A.C., Canham, C.D. and Breemen, N.Y. 1998. Canopy tree-soil interactions within temperate forests: species effects on pH and cations. Ecological Applications 8: 447-454
  13. Fujinurna, R., Bockheim, J. and Balster, N. 2005. Basecation cycling by individual tree species in old-growth forests of Upper Michigan, USA. Biogeochemistry 74: 357-376 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-004-4726-2
  14. Gordon, W.S. and Jackson, R.B. 2000. Nutrient concentrations in fine roots. Ecology 81: 275-280 https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[0275:NCIFR]2.0.CO;2
  15. Hahn, G. and Marschner, H. 1998. Cation concentrations of short roots of Norway spruce as affected by acid irrigation and liming. Plant and Soil 199: 23-27 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004206826290
  16. Hornbeck, J.W, Bailey, S.W, Buso, D.C. and Shanley, J.B. 1997. Streamwater chemistry and nutrient budgets for forested watersheds in New England: variability and management implications. Forest Ecology and Management 93: 73-89 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03937-0
  17. Johnson, D.W. and Henderson, G.S. 1989. Terrestrial Nutrient Cycling. In: Johnson DW, Van Hook RI, Eds. Analysis of Biogeochemical Cycling Processes in Walker Branch Watershed. New York: Springer-Verlag. 401 p.
  18. Joslin, J.D. and Henderson, G.S. 1987. Organic matter and nutrients associated with fine root turnover in a white oak stand. Forest Science 33: 330-346
  19. Likens, G.E., Driscoll, C.T., Buso, D.C., Siccarna, T.G, Johnson, C.E., Lovett, G.M., Ryan, D.E, Fahey, T.J. and Reiners, W.A. 1994. The biogeochemistry of potassium at Hubbard Brook. Biogeochemistry 25: 61-125
  20. Likens, G.E., Driscoll, C.T. and Buso, D.C. 1996. Longterm effects of acid rain: response and recovery of a forest ecosystem. Science 272: 244-246 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.272.5259.244
  21. Likens, G.E., Driscoll, C.T., Buso, D.C., Siccarna, T.G., Johnson, C.E., Lovett, G.M., Fahey, T.J., Reiners, W.A., Ryan, D.E, Martin, C.W. and Bailey, S.W. 1998. The biogeochemistry of calcium at Hubbard Brook. Biogeochemistry 41: 89-173 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005984620681
  22. McLaughlin, S.B., Tjoelker, M.G. and Roy, W.K. 1993. Acid deposition alters red spruce physiology: laboratory studies support field observations. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23: 380-386 https://doi.org/10.1139/x93-055
  23. Nadelhoffer, K.J. and Raich, J.W. 1992. Fine root production estimates and belowground carbon allocation in forest ecosystems. Ecology 73: 1139-1147 https://doi.org/10.2307/1940664
  24. Nadelhoffer, K.J., Aber, J.D. and Melillo, J.M. 1985. Fine roots, net primary production, and soil nitrogen availability: A new hypothesis. Ecology 66: 1377-1390 https://doi.org/10.2307/1939190
  25. Narnbiar, E.K.S. 1987. Do nutrients retranslocate from fine roots? Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17: 913-918 https://doi.org/10.1139/x87-143
  26. Park, B.B. 2006. Fine root dynamics and tissue chemistry across a calcium gradient in temperate hardwood and softwood forest ecosystems, NY. Ph. D. dissertation, ColI. Environ. Sci. For., Syracuse, New York
  27. Pastor, J., Aber, J.D. and McClaugherty, C.A. 1984. Aboveground production and Nand P cycling along a nitrogen mineralization gradient on Blackhawk Island, Wisconsin. Ecology 65: 256-268 https://doi.org/10.2307/1939478
  28. Pregitzer, K.S. 2002. Fine roots of trees - a new perspective. New Phytologist 154: 267-273 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00413_1.x
  29. Raich, J.W and Nadelhoffer, K.J. 1989. Belowground carbon allocation in forest ecosystems: global trends. Ecology 70: 1346-1354 https://doi.org/10.2307/1938194
  30. Ross, D.S., Lawrence, G.B. and Fredriksen, G. 2004. Mineralization and nitrification patterns at eight northeastern USA forested research sites. Forest Ecology and Management 188: 317-335 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.08.004
  31. Tierney, G.L. and Fahey, T.J. 2002. Fine root turnover in a northern hardwood forest: a direct comparison of the radiocarbon and minirhizotron methods. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32: 1692-1697 https://doi.org/10.1139/x02-123
  32. Tomlinson, G.H. 2003. Acidic deposition, nutrient leaching and forest growth. Biogeochemistry 65: 51-81 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026069927380
  33. Van Praag, H.J., Sougnez-Remy, S., Weissen, F. and Carletti, G. 1988. Root turnover in a beech and a spruce stand of the Belgian Ardennes. Plant and Soil 105: 87103 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02371146
  34. Vogt, K.A., Grier, C.C., Meier, C.E. and Keyes, M.R. 1983. Organic matter and nutrient dynamics in forest floors of young and mature Abies amabilis stands in western Washington, as affected by fine-root input. Ecological Monographs 53: 139-157 https://doi.org/10.2307/1942492
  35. Vogt, K.A., Grier, C.C. and Vogt, D.J. 1986. Production, turnover, and nutrient dynamics of above- and belowground detritus of world forests. Advance Ecological Research 15: 303-377 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60122-1
  36. Vogt, K.A., Dahlgren, R, Ugolini, F., Zabowski, D., Moore, E.E. and Zasoski, R. 1987. Aluminum, Fe, Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Cu, Zn and P above- and belowground biomass. II. Pools and circulation in a subalpine Abies amabilis stand. Biogeochemistry 4: 295-311 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02187372
  37. Whittaker, R.H., Likens, G.B., Bormann, F.H., Eaton, J.S. and Siccama, T.G 1979. The Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study: Forest nutrient cycling and element behavior. Ecology 60: 203-220 https://doi.org/10.2307/1936481
  38. Yanai, R.D. 1991. Soil solution phosphorus dynamics in a whole-tree-harvested northern hardwood forest. Soil Science Society of America Journal 55: 1746-1752 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500060040x