Determination of Optimum Rate and Interval of Silicate Fertilizer Application for Rice Cultivation in Korea

벼에 대한 규산질비료의 시용량 및 시용주기 결정

  • Song, Yo-Sung (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Jun, Hee-Joong (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Jung, Beung-Gan (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Park, Woo-Kyun (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Ki-Sang (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Kwak, Han-Kang (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Yoon, Jung-Hui (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Choon-Soo (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Yeon, Byeong-Yeol (National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Pil-Joo (Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Yoon, Young-Sang (Kongju National University)
  • Received : 2007.08.06
  • Accepted : 2007.09.10
  • Published : 2007.10.30

Abstract

In order to investigate the optimum rate and interval of silicate fertilizer application for rice cultivation, Chucheong byeo variety, one of commonly cultivated rice cultivar in Korea was planted on two different wetland rice soils located on Hwaseong-si from 2002 to 2005; Jisan series(a member of the fine loamy, mixed, mesic family of Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts), known as "Productive Paddy Soil", without any conspicuous limiting factor, and Seokcheon series (a member of the coarse loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Fluvaquentic Endoaquetps), known as "Sandy Paddy Soil", sandiness being major limiting factor. There were three rate treatments of silicate fertilizer application; the amount of silicate fertilizers needed to adjust the available soil silicate contents to 130, 200, and $270mg\;kg^{-1}$ was applied, in the first year only. There was an additional plot; applying the amount of silicate fertilizer needed to adjust soil available silicate to 130 ppm every year, which would serve as the base for the evaluation of residual effects of silicate fertilizers in the plots where different rates of silicate fertilizer were applied. From the yield data in first year, it was found that optimum available silica in the soil are $154mg\;kg^{-1$ and $160mg\;kg^{-1}$, in Jisan and Seogcheon soils, respectably. The duration of residual effects of silicate fertilizer was different depending upon the amount of applied silicate fertilizers and the soils. The higher the application rate, the residual effect lasted longer, and the residual effect was lasted longer in Jisan(clay loam) soil than in Seogcheon(sandy loam) soil. During four years, sum of the rate of contribution to increase available soil silica of applied silicate fertilizer in different soils ranged 18.6% and 24.1% in Jisan soil and Seogcheon soil, respectively. This may suggest that much portion of applied silicate would be either lost from the soil or remain in the soil as insoluble form. This deserves further study.

벼에 대한 규산질비료의 시용수준별 수량으로 본 비효반응, 적정시용량, 그리고 수량 및 토양 유효규산 함량에 의한 시용주기를 구명하기 위하여 2002 2005년에 추청벼를 재배하여 배수 약간 불량한 지산통인 보통답과 석천통인 사질답 토양에서 포장시험을 수행하였다. 규산질비료의 시용량이 증가함에 따라 벼 수량은 증가하여 토양 유효규산 130, 200 및 $270mg\;kg^{-1}$ 조절량 시용시 무시용구보다 벼 증수율은, 보통답 6, 9 및 12%, 사질답 10, 17 및 25%이였다. 벼 수확 후 토양 유효규산 함량과 벼 수량과의 관계를 2차 회귀관계식으로 분석한 결과 토양의 유효규산 함량이 보통답 $154mg\;kg^{-1}$, 사질답 $160mg\;kg^{-1}$, 평균 $157mg\;kg^{-1}$일 때 최고수량을 얻을 수 있었다. 규산질 비료를 토양의 유효규산 함량의 현행기준인 $130mg\;kg^{-1}$으로 조절 시용할 때 수량으로 본 규산질비료의 잔효는 보통답 및 사질답 모두 3년 정도이었다. 규산질비료를 유효규산 함량 $130mg\;kg^{-1}$으로 조절시용시 토양의 유효규산 함량은 연도가 경과함에 따라 일정하게 감소하여 규산질비료시용 3년 이후에는 무처리 수준에 도달하였다. 따라서 현행 규산질비료의 공급주기는 현행 4년 1주기에서 3년 1주기로의 조정이 가능하였지만, 수량반응과 토양유효규산 함량으로 볼 때 유효규산 $200{\sim}270mg\;kg^{-1}$으로 조절시용시의 공급주기는 3~5년이었다. 그러나 보통답은 물론 특히 사질답의 경우 토양검정에 의하여 매년 적절한 양을 시용하는 것이 더 바람직한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 벼 수확기 규산흡수량을 보면 규산질비료 무시용구 (보통답 $559kg\;ha^{-1}$, 사질답 $622kg\;ha^{-1}$)에 비하여 토양의 유효규산 130, 200 및 $270mg\;kg^{-1}$ 조절량의 규산질비료 시용구는 각각 보통답 643, 731 및 $794kg\;ha^{-1}$, 사질답 706, 834 및 $853kg\;ha^{-1}$으로서 현저히 증가 하였다. 토양 유효규산 130, 200 및 $270mg\;kg^{-1}$ 조절량의 규산질비료 시용당년의 규산 흡수이용률은 각각 보통답 4.3, 3.7 및 3.2%, 사질답 8.0, 6.3 및 5.7%로 보통답에 비하여 사질답에서 매우 높았으며 4년 동안의 규산의 흡수이용률도 두 토양 모두 시용당년과 유사한 경향을 보였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Epstein, E. 1994. The anomaly of silicon in plant biology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 91 : 1117
  2. Hewitt, E. J. 1963. The essential nutrient elements plant physiology. Advances in Agronomy. III : 137
  3. Jung B. G., G. B. Jung, J. H. Yoon, H. J. Jun, K. R. Cho, S. J. Lim, and Y. H. Lee. 2003. Monitoring project on agri-environment quality in Korea. National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology. 14-55
  4. Kawamitsu, M., Y. Kawamitsu, W. Agata and P. Kaufman. 1989. Effects of $SiO_{2}$ on $CO_{2}$ assimilation rate, transpiration rate, leaf conductance and dry matter production in rice plants. Sci. Bull. Fac. Kyushu. Univ. 43: 161-169
  5. Kim, C. B. 2003. Determination of the optimum application rate of silicate materials based on rice yield and soil chemical properties. Ph. D. Thesis. KyungpookNational University, Taegu, Korea
  6. Kim, C. B, N. K. Park, S. D. Park, D. U. Choi, S. G. Son and J. Choi. 1986. Changes in rice yield and soil physicochemical properties as affected by annual application of silicate fertilizer. Korean J. Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 192(2) ; 123-131
  7. Komdorfer, G. H. and I. Lepsch. 2001. Effect of silicon on plant growth and crop yield. J. Plant Nutri. 8 : 133-143
  8. Lee, K. S. 2003. Study on production of high rice quality with application rate of silicate fertilizer. Completed report. Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer. 11-29
  9. Lee, K S., S. B. Ahn, K S. Lee, and Y. C. Kim. 1984. Experiment on maintenance of silicate fertilizer effect. Research Report of National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology. 246-253
  10. Lim, D. K, J. S. Shin, and Y. S. Park. 1981. Study on increase of slag utilization. Research Report of National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology. 9-36
  11. Ma. J. F. and E. Takahashi. 1990. The effect of silicic acid on rice in a P-deficient soil. Plant Soil. 126; 115-119 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00041376
  12. MAF. 2001. System for silicate fertilizer supply. Report of Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
  13. Matoh, T., S. Murata and E. Takahashi. 1991. Effect of silicate application on photosynthesis of rice plants. Jpn, J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 62; 248-251
  14. Miyamori, Y. 1996. Role and guideline of silicon nutrition in low protein rice production. Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 67 : 696-700
  15. Murayama, N. 1979. The importance of nitrogen for rice production, Nitrogen and Rice. IRRI 5-23
  16. NIAST. 1999. Annual report of the monitoring project agroenvironmental quality. p.223. National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA, Suwon, Korea
  17. Park C. S. 1970. Studies on the relation between available silica content and the effect of silicate, the distribution pattern of available silica content and requirement in Korea paddy top soil. RDA. J. Agri. Sci. 13 : 1-29
  18. Park, Y. D. and Y. S. Kim. 1971. Increased yielding effect of silica on rice growth on Akiochi soil. Korean J. Soc. Soil Sci. Fertilizer. 4(1): 1-19
  19. RDA. 1989. Report on results of arable soil improvement project in 1980-1989. 142-151
  20. RDA. 1999. Fertilization standard of crop plants. National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea
  21. RDA. 2000. Methods of soil and crop plant analysis. National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea
  22. Seedbold, K. W., T. A. Kucharek, L. E. Datnoff, F. J. CorreaVictoria, and M. A. Marchett. 2001. The influence of silicon on components of resistance to blast in susceptible, partially resistant, and resistant cultivars of rice. Phytopathology 91 : 63-69 https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.1.63
  23. Song Y. S., B. G. Jung, H. J. Jun, J. H. Yoon, K. S. Lee, and H. K. Kwak. 2005. Study on optimal application rates and residual effect of silicate fertilizers for rice. Research report of National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology. 248-269
  24. Takahashi, E., K. Arai and Y. Kashida. 1966. Studies on the physiological role of silicon in crop plant. Part 14, Effect of silicon on the assimilation and translocation of $^{14}CO_{2}$ supplied at the various growth stages of rice. J. Sci. Soil and Manure, Jpn. 37 : 594-598
  25. Yoon, S. K. 1970. Effect of silicate fertilizer resources. Research report of Institute of Agicultural Sciences. 216-232
  26. Yoon, S. K., P. K. Shin and Y. S. Kim. 1971. Residual effects of wollastonite on rice. Res. Rept. RDA: 14(PE). 65-81
  27. Yosida, S. Y. 1965. Studies on existence form of silicon in rice plant and physiological role. Report of agricultural research in Japan B. 15:1