Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine (대한예방의학회)
권호 표지

Increased DNA Damage of Lymphocytes in Korean Male Smokers

일부 한국 성인 남성 흡연자들의 림프구 DNA 손상의 증가

  • Lee, Joo-Hyun (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine and Postgraduate Studies of Public Health, Graduate School) ;
  • Oh, Eun-Ha (Medical Research Center for Environmental Toxico-Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, Korea University) ;
  • Lee, June-Young (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine and Postgraduate Studies of Public Health, Graduate School) ;
  • Sul, Dong-Geun (Medical Research Center for Environmental Toxico-Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, Korea University) ;
  • Kim, Joo-Ja (Department of Occupational Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Eun-Il (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine and Postgraduate Studies of Public Health, Graduate School)
  • 이주현 (고려대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실 및 대학원 보건학과) ;
  • 오은하 (고려대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실 및 대학원 보건학과) ;
  • 이준영 (고려대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실 및 대학원 보건학과) ;
  • 설동근 (고려대학교 의과대학 유전체 및 단백체 환경독성의과학센터) ;
  • 김주자 (순천향대학교 의과대학 산업의학과) ;
  • 이은일 (고려대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실 및 대학원 보건학과)
  • Published : 2007.01.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of DNA damage in human lymphocytes caused by smoking and other lifestyle factors. Methods : The study population consisted of 173 normal healthy male adults from 21 to 59 years old. The demographic and lifestyle variables were obtained from administered questionnaires. The level of lymphocytic DNA damage in the peripheral blood was evaluated by the Comet assay. Statistical analyses were done by general linear model analysis and Dunnett's multiple comparison. Results : The difference in DNA damage between smokers and non-smokers was statistically significant. The means for the Tail%DNA were found to be 10.48 in the current smokers and 9.60 in the non-smokers (p < 0.05). The tail moment means were 1.58 and 1.45 (p < 0.05) for the current smokers and non-smokers, respectively. The number of cigarettes smoked per day did not result in a significant difference in the level of DNA damage among the smokers. Other lifestyle factors such as age, and drinking and exercise habits were not related to DNA damage. Conclusions : The DNA damage in the lymphocytes of smokers was found to be significantly higher than that for non-smokers. However, the number of cigarettes smoked per day was not related to DNA damage. Further study is needed to evaluate the relationship between the amount of smoking and level of damage to DNA. In addition, the status of DNA repair activities should be assessed.

Keywords

References

  1. Moller P, Knudsen LE, Loft S, Wallin H. The Comet assay as a rapid test in biomonitoring occupational exposure to DNA damaging agents and effect of confounding factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000; 9(10): 1005-1015
  2. Singh NP, McCoy MT, Tice RR, Schneide EL. A simple technique for quantification of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp Cell Res 1988; 175(1): 184-191 https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(88)90265-0
  3. Tice RR, Agurell E, Anderson D, Burlinson B, Hartmann A, Kobayashi H, Miyamae Y, Rojas E, Ryu JC, Sasaki YF. Single cell gel Comet assay: Guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology testing. Environ Mol Mutagen 2000; 35(3): 206-221 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(2000)35:3<206::AID-EM8>3.0.CO;2-J
  4. Hartmann A, Agurell E, Beevers C, Brendler- Schwaab S, Burlinson B, Clay P, Collins A, Smith A, Speit G, Thybaud V, Tice RR. Recommendations for conducting the in vivo alkaline Comet assay. Mutagenesis 2003; 18(1): 45-51 https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/18.1.45
  5. Singh NP, Danner DB, Tice RR, Pearson JD, Brant LJ, Morrell CH, Schneider EL. Basal DNA damage in individual human lymphocytes with age. Mutat Res 1991; 256(1): 1-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8734(91)90026-8
  6. Hartmann A, Plapperet U, Raddatz K, Grunert- Fuchs M, Speit G. Does physical activity induce DNA damage? Mutagenesis 1994; 9(3): 269- 272 https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/9.3.269
  7. Hartmann A, Pfuhler S, Dennog C, Germdnik D, Pilger A, Speit G. Exercise-induced DNA effects in human leukocytes are not accompanied by increased formation of 8- hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine or induction of micronuclei. Free Radical Biol Med 1998a; 24(2): 245-251 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(97)00249-9
  8. Dhawan A, Mathur N, Kishore Seth P. The effect of smoking and eating habits on DNA damage in Indian population as measured in the Comet assay. Mutat Res 2001; 474(1-2): 121- 128 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0027-5107(00)00171-8
  9. Nakayama T, Kaneko M, Kodama M, Nagata C. Cigarette smoke induces DNA single-strand breaks in human cells. Nature 1985; 314(6010): 462-464 https://doi.org/10.1038/314462a0
  10. Fielding S, Short C, Davies K, Wald N, Bridges BA, Waters R. Studies on the ability of smoke from different types of cigarettes to induce single-strand breaks in cultured human cells. Mutat. Res 1989; 214(1): 147-151 https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(89)90208-X
  11. Leanderson P, Tagesson C. Cigarette tar promotes neutrophil-induced DNA damage in cultured lung cells. Environ. Res 1994; 64(2): 103-111 https://doi.org/10.1006/enrs.1994.1009
  12. Hess RD, Brandner G. DNA damage by filtered, tar-and aerosol-free cigarette smoke in rodent cells: A novel evaluation. Toxicol. Lett 1996; 88(1-3): 9-13
  13. Poli P, Buschini A, Spaggiari A, Rizzoli V, Carlo-Stella C, Rossi C. DNA damage by tobacco smoke and some antiblastic drugs evaluated using Comet assay. Toxicology 1999; 108(2-3): 267-276
  14. Frenzilli G, Betti C, Davini T, Desideri M, Fornai E, Giannessi L, Maggiorelli F, Paoletti P, Barale R. Evaluation of DNA damage in leukocytes of ex-smokers by single cell gel electrophoresis. Mutat Res 1997; 375(2): 117-123 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0027-5107(97)00007-9
  15. Kopjar N, Zeljezic D, Garaj-Vrhovac V. Evaluation of DNA damage in white blood cells of healthy human volunteers using the alkaline comet assay and the chromosome aberration test. Acta Biochimica Polonica 2006; 53(2): 321-336
  16. Wojewodzka M, Kruszewski M, Iwanenko T, Collins AR, Szumiel I. Lack of adverse effect of smoking habit on DNA strand breakage and base damage, as revealed by the alkaline Comet assay. Mutat Res 1999; 440(1): 19-25 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(99)00014-5
  17. Park EJ, Kang MH. Application of the alkaline Comet assay for detecting oxidative DNA damage in human biomonitoring. Korean Nutri Soc 2002; 35(2): 213-222 (Korean)
  18. Ji S, Oh E, Sul D, Choi JW, Park H, Lee E. DNA damage of lymphocytes in volunteers after 4 hour use of mobile phone. J Prev Med Public Health 2004; 37(4): 373-380 (Korean)
  19. Kassie F, Parzefall W, Knasmoller S. Single cell gel electrophoresis assay: A new technique for human biomonitoring studies. Mutat Res 2000; 463(1): 13-31 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5742(00)00041-7
  20. McKelvey-Martin VJ, Green MHL, Schmezer P, Pool-Zobel BL, De Meo MP, Collins A. The single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay): A European review. Mutat Res 1993; 288(1): 47-63 https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(93)90207-V
  21. Fairbairn DW, Olive PL, O'Neill KL. The Comet assay: A comprehensive review. Mutat Res 1995; 339(1): 37-59 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1110(94)00013-3
  22. Rojas E, Lopez MC, Valverde M. Single cell gel electrophoresis assay: Methodology and applications. J Chromatography 1999; 722(1- 2): 225-254 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(98)00313-2
  23. Hellman B, Friis L, Vaghef H, Edler L. Alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis and human biomonitoring for genotoxicity: A study on subjects with residential exposure to radon. Mutat Res 1999; 442(2): 121-132 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(99)00083-2
  24. Lee E, Oh E, Lee J, Sul D, Lee J. Use of the Tail Moment of the lymphocytes to evaluate DNA damage in human biomonitoring studies. Toxicol Sci 2004; 81(1): 121-132 https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfh184
  25. Betti C, Davini T, Giannessi L, Loprieno N, Barale R. Comparative studies by Comet test and SCE analysis in human lymphocytes from 200 healthy subjects. Mutat Res 1995; 343(4): 201-207 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1218(95)90015-2
  26. Hughes CM, Mckelvey-Martin VJ, Lewis SEM. Human sperm DNA integrity assessed by the Comet and ELISA assay. Mutagenesis 1999; 14(1): 71-75 https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/14.1.71
  27. Pitarque M, Vaglenov A, Nosko M, Hirvonen A, Norppa H, Creus A, Marcos R. Evaluation of DNA damage by the Comet assay in shoe workers exposed to toluene and other organic solvents. Mutat Res 1999a; 441(1): 115-127 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(99)00042-X
  28. Pitarque M, Creus A, Marcos R, Hughes JA, Anderson D. Examination of various biomarkers measuring genotoxic endpoints from Barcelona airport personnel. Mutat. Res. 1999b; 440(2): 195-204 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(99)00026-1
  29. Somorovska M, Jahnova E, Tulinska J, Zamecnikova M, Sarmanova J, Terenova A, Vodickova L, Liskova A, Vallova B, Soucek P, Hemminki K, Norppa H, Hirvonen A, Tates AD, Fuortes L, Dusinska M, Vodicka P. Biomonitoring of occupational exposure to styrene in a plastics lamination plant. Mutat. Res 1999; 428(1-2): 255-269 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5742(99)00052-6
  30. Hoffmann H, Hogel J, Speit G. The effect of smoking on DNA effects in the comet assay: A meta-analysis. Mutagenesis 2005; 20(6): 455- 466 https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/gei064
  31. Piperakis SM, Visvardis EE, Sagnou M, Tassiou AM. Effects of smoking and aging on oxidative DNA damage of human lymphocytes. Carcinogenesis 1998; 19(4): 695-698 https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/19.4.695
  32. Rupa DS, Reddy PP, Reddi OS. Frequencies of chromosomal aberrations in smokers exposed to pesticides in cotton fields. Mutat Res 1989; 222(1): 37-41 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1218(89)90033-5
  33. Sram RJ, Podrazilova K, Dejmek J, Mrackova G, Pilcik T. Single cell gel electrophoresis assay: Sensitivity of peripheral white blood cells in human population studies. Mutagenesis 1998; 13(1): 99-103 https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/13.1.99
  34. Hartmann A, Fender H, Speit G. Comparative biomonitoring study of workers at a waste disposal site using cytogenetic tests and the Comet(single cell gel) assay. Environ Mol Mutagen 1998b; 32(2): 17-24 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1998)32:1<17::AID-EM2>3.0.CO;2-8
  35. Lebailly P, Vigreux C, Lechevrel C, Ledemeney D, Godard T, Sichel F, LeTalaer JY, Henry-Amar M, Gauduchon P. DNA damage in mononuclear leukocytes of farmers measured using the alkaline comet assay: Discussion of critical parameters and evaluation of seasonal variations in relation to pesticide exposure. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998; 7(10): 917-927