Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine (대한예방의학회)
권호 표지

Using Tobit Regression Analysis to Further Understand the Association of Youth Alcohol Problems with Depression and Parental Factors among Korean Adolescent Females

  • Delva, Jorge (Young Again Adult Day Health Care Center, University of Michigan) ;
  • Grogan-Kaylor, Andrew (Young Again Adult Day Health Care Center, University of Michigan) ;
  • Steinhoff, Emily (Young Again Adult Day Health Care Center, University of Michigan) ;
  • Shin, Dong-Eok (School of Social Work Young Again Adult Day Health Care Center) ;
  • Siefert, Kristine (Young Again Adult Day Health Care Center, University of Michigan)
  • Published : 2007.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives : This study characterized the extent to which youth depressive symptoms, parental alcohol problems, and parental drinking account for differences in alcohol-related problems among a large sample of adolescent females. Methods : The stratified sample consists of 2077 adolescent females from twelve female-only high schools located in a large metropolitan city in the Republic of Korea. Students completed a questionnaire about alcohol use and alcohol problems, their parents' alcohol problems, and a number of risk and protective factors. Data were analyzed using tobit regression analyses to better characterize the associations among variables. Results : Almost two-thirds of students who consume alcohol had experienced at least one to two alcohol-related problems in their lives and 54.6% reported at least one current symptom of depression, with nearly one-third reporting two depressive symptoms. Two-thirds of the students indicated that at least one parent had an alcohol-related problem, and that approximately 29% had experienced several problems. Results of tobit regression analyses indicate that youth alcohol-related problems are positively associated with depressive symptoms (p<0.01) and parent drinking problems (p<0.05). Parental drinking is no longer significant when the variable parental attention is added to the model. Decomposition of the tobit parameters shows that for every unit of increase in depressive symptoms and in parent drinking problems, the probability of a youth experiencing alcohol problems increases by 6% and 1%, respectively. For every unit of increase in parental attention, the probability of youth experiencing drinking problems decreases by 5%. Conclusions : This study presents evidence that alcohol-related problems and depressive symptoms are highly prevalent among adolescent females. Although a comprehensive public health approach is needed to address drinking and mental health problems, different interventions are needed to target factors associated with initiation of alcohol problems and those associated with increased alcohol problems among those who already began experiencing such problems.

Keywords

References

  1. 보건복지부 편. 국민건강영양조사 1998. 보건복지부; 1999
  2. Shin DE, Delva J. A study of the relationship between parental alcohol problems and alcohol use among adolescent females in Republic of Korea. J Prev Med Public Health 2004; 37(3): 232-237 (Korean)
  3. Grant BF, Dawson DA. Age at onset of alcohol use and its association with DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence: Results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey. J Subst Abuse 1997; 9: 103-110 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-3289(97)90009-2
  4. Grant BF, Stinson FS, Hasin DS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, Dufour MC, Compton W, Pickering RP, Kaplan K. Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004; 61(8): 807-816 https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.61.8.807
  5. Griffin KW, Botvin GJ, Epstein JA, Doyle MM, Diaz T. Psychosocial and behavioral factors in early adolescence as predictors of heavy drinking among high school seniors. J Stud Alcohol 2000; 61(4): 603-606 https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2000.61.603
  6. Grant BF. The impact of a family history of alcoholism on the relationship between age at onset of alcohol use and DSM-IV alcohol dependence: Results from the National Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey. Alcohol Health Res World 1998; 22(2): 144-148
  7. Oh DH, Kim GS, Oh DY. The clinical characteristics of alcoholics according to family history of alcoholism. J Korean Acad Addict Psychiatry 1997; 1(1): 106-114 (Korean)
  8. Kim KB, Yoon MS. A study of characteristics of adolescent children of alcoholics among industrial senior high school students. J Korean Acad Addict Psychiatry 1997; 1(1): 92-105 (Korean)
  9. Kim KB. A study of characteristics of normal adolescents among industrial senior high school students. J Korean Acad Addict Psychiatry 1997; 1(1): 77-91 (Korean)
  10. Lee HK, Kim SJ, Yoon SC, Bong SY, Ahn HJ, Park SY. A survey of adolescent substance uses in a small city. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2001; 40(1): 23-36 (Korean)
  11. Clark DB, Thatcher DL, Maisto SA. Adolescent neglect and alcohol use disorders in two-parent families. Child Maltreat 2004; 9(4): 357-370 https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559504269533
  12. Hawkins JD, Catalano RF, Miller JY. Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychol Bull 1992; 112(1): 64-105 https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.64
  13. Greene WH. Econometric Analysis, 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall; 1997
  14. Grogan-Kaylor A, Otis MD. The effect of childhood maltreatment on adult criminality: A tobit regression analysis. Child Maltreat 2003; 8(3): 129-137 https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559502250810
  15. McDonald JF, Moffitt RA. The uses of tobit analysis. Rev Econ Stat 1980; 62(2): 318-321 https://doi.org/10.2307/1924766
  16. Muthen LK, Muthun BO. Mplus User's Guide. Los Angeles: Muthun & Muthen; 2002
  17. White HR, Labouvie EW. Towards the assessment of adolescent problem drinking. J Stud Alcohol 1989; 50(1): 30-37 https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1989.50.30
  18. Hodgins DC, Shimp L. Identifying adult children of alcoholics: Methodological review and a comparison of the CAST-6 with other methods. Addiction 1995; 90(2): 255-267 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1995.tb01043.x
  19. Tarter RE, Hegedus AM. Drug use screening inventory: its applications in the evaluation and treatment of alcohol and other drug abuse. Alcohol Health Res World 1991; 15(1): 65-75
  20. Rubin DB. Multiple Imputations for Nonresponse in Surveys. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1987
  21. Schafer JL, Olsen MK. Multiple imputation for multivariate missing-data problems: A data analyst's perspective. Multivariate Behav Res 1997; 33(4): 545-571 https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr3304_5
  22. Schafer JL. Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data. London: Chapman & Hall; 1997
  23. Roncek DW. Learning more from tobit coefficients: Extending a comparative analysis of political protest. Am Sociol Rev 1992; 57(4): 503-507 https://doi.org/10.2307/2096097
  24. Kuo PH, Gardner CO, Kendler KS, Prescott CA. The temporal relationship of the onsets of alcohol dependence and major depression: Using a genetically informative study design. Psych Med 2006; 36(8): 1153-1162 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291706007860
  25. Zucker R, Boyd G, Howard J. The Development of Alcohol Problems: Exploring the Biopsychosocial Matrix of Risk. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS), Research Monograph No. 26. (NIH Publication N0. 94-3495). Rockville: USDHHS; 1994
  26. Burns L, Teesson M. Alcohol use disorders comorbid with anxiety, depression and drug use disorders. Findings from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well Being. Drug Alcohol Depend 2002; 68(3): 299-307 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00220-X
  27. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Koretz D, Merikangas KR, Rush AJ, Walters EE, Wang PS. National Comorbidity Survey Replication. The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). JAMA 2003; 289(23): 3095-3105 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.23.3095