Korean Journal of Plant Resources (한국자원식물학회지)

The Plant Resources Society of Korea (한국자원식물학회)
권호 표지

A Saponin Complex, KPRG-C, and Its Sapogenin Complex, KPRG-D, Reduce Nociception and Inflammation in Animals

  • Published : 2007.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

To develop a clinically available saponin- or sapogenin complex from Oriental medicines, the EtOH extract (KPRG-A) was obtained by extracting from the four crude drugs, Kalopanacis Cortex, Platycodi Radix, Rubi Fructus and Glycyrrhizae Radis. The BuOH fraction (KPRG-B), a crude saponin complex, was prepared by fractionating KPRG-A, which were further completely hydrolyzed to afford the sapogenin complex (KPRG-D). In an attempt to find the antinoicpetive effects of the saponin complex and sapogenin complex, KPRG-C, and -D, were assayed by writhing-, hot plate-, and tail-flick tests using mice or rats. The three samples were also subjected to antiiflammatory tests using serotonin-induced and carrageenan-induced hind paw edema mice and rats, respectively. The three samples significantly reduced inflammations and pains of the experimental animal. The potency were found in the order of KPRG-D> KPRG-C> KPRG-B. The most active sample, KPRG-D, caused no death, no body increase or no anatomical pathlogic change even at 2,000 mg/kg dose. These results suggest that a sapogenin complex, KPRG-D, which was found to contain mainly hederagenin, platycodigenin, polygalacic acid, 23-hydroxytormentic acid, glycyrrhetic acid together with minor triterpene acids, could be a potential candidate for antiinflammatory therapeutics.

Keywords

References

  1. Cheng, J.M., H.J. Lin, M.S. Hung, Y.R. Lin, M.H. Chan and J.C. Lin. 2006. Inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB is associated with neuroprotective effects of glycyrrizic acid on glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in primary neurons. Europ. J Pharmacol. 547: 10-21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.06.080
  2. Choi, J., K.T. Lee, H.J. Jung, H.S. Park and H.J. Park. 2002. Antirheumatoid arthritis effect of the Kochia scoparia fruits and activity comparison of momordin Ic, its prosapogenin and sapogenin. Arch. Pharm. Res. 25: 336-342 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976636
  3. Choi. J., K. Huh, S.H. Kim, K.T. Lee, H.K. Lee and H.J. Park. 2002a. Kalopanaxsaponin A from Kalopanax pictus, a potent antioxidant in the rheumatoidal rat treated with Freund's Complete Adjuvant Reagent. J Ethnopharmacol. 79: 113-118 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00382-8
  4. Choi, J., K. Huh, S.K. Kim, K.T. Lee, H.J. Park and Y.N. Han. 2002b. Antinociceptive and Anti-Rheumatoidal Effects of Kalopanax pictus extract and Its Saponin Components in Experimental Animals. J Ethnopharmacol. 79: 199-204 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00383-X
  5. Choi, J.W., K.T. Lee, J.H. Ha, S.Y. Yun, C.D. Ko, H.J. Jung and H.J. Park. 2003. Antinociceptive and antiinflammtory effects of niga-ichigoside F1 and 23-hydroxytormentic acid obtained from Rubus coreanus. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 26: 1436-1441 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.26.1436
  6. Eddy, N.B., D.J. and Leimback. 1953. Sybthetic analgesics. II. Dithienbutenyl- and dithienbutenylamines. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 107: 385-393
  7. Jung, H.J., C.O. Lee, K.T. Lee, J.W. Choi and H.J. Park. 2004. Structure-activity relationship of oleanane disaccharides isolated from Akebia quinata versus cytotoxicity against cancer cells and NO inhibition. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 27: 744-747
  8. Jung, H.J., J.W. Choi, K.T. Lee, H.J. Park. 2005. Antinociceptive and Antiinflammtory Effects of Oleanolic Acid and Hederagenin Obtained from the Stem of Akebia quinata. J Med. Food 8: 78-85 https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2005.8.78
  9. Kawashima, K., Y. Fujimura, T. Makino and Y. Kano. 2006. Pharmacological properties of traditional medicine (XXXII): protective effects of hangeshashinto and the combinations of its major constituents on gastric lesions in rats. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 29: 1973-1975 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.29.1973
  10. Kim, D.H., K.W. Yu, E.A. Bae, H.J. Park and J.W. Choi. 1998. Metabolism of Kaopanaxsaponin B and H by Human Intestinal Bacteria and Antidiabetic Activity of Their Metabolites. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 21: 360-365 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.21.360
  11. Kim, D.H., E.A. Kim, M.J. Han, H.J. Park and J.W. Choi. 2002. Metabolism of kalopanaxsaponin K by human intestinal bacteria and antitheumatoidal arthritis activity of their metabolites. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 25: 68-71 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.25.68
  12. Kim, J.H., K.H. Ryu, K.W. Jung, C.K. Han, W.J. Kwak and Y.B. Cho. 2005. Effects of SKI306X on arachidonate metabolism and other inflammatory mediators. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28: 1615-1620 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.28.1615
  13. Kim, J.H., H.I. Rhee, I.H. Jung, K. Ryu, K. Jung, C.K. Han, W.J. Kwak, Y.B. Cho and H.J. Joo. 2005. SKI306X, an oriental herbal mixture, suppresses gastric leukotritene B4 synthesis without causing mucosal injury and diclofenac-induced gastric lesions. Life Science 77: 1181-1193 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2004.11.040
  14. Kim, Y.H. and Kang SS. 1993. Trierpenoids from Rubi Fructus (Bogbunja): Arch. Pharm. Res. 16: 109-113 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03036856
  15. Kim, Y.S., J.S. Kim, S.U. Choi, J.S. Kim, H.S. Lee, S.H. Roh, Y.C. Jeong, Y.K Kim and S.Y. Ryu. 2005. Isolation of a new saponin and cytotoxic effect of saponins from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum on human tumor cell lines. Planta Med. 71: 566- 568 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-864161
  16. Nam, J.H., H.J. Jung, J. Choi, K.T. Lee and H.J. Park. 2006. The antigastropathic and anti-rheumatic effect of niga-ichigoside $F_1$ and 23-hydroxytormentic acid isolated from the unripe fruits of Rubus coreanus in a rat model. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 29: 967-970 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.29.967
  17. Ram, A., U. Mabalirajan, M. Das M, I. Bhattacharya, A.K. Dinda, S.V. Gangal and B. Ghosh. 2006. Glycyrrhizin alleviates experimental allergic asthma in mice. Int. Immunopharmacol. 6:1468-1477 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2006.04.020
  18. Sano, K., S. Sanada, Y. Ida and J. Shoji. 1991. Studies on constituents of the bark of Kalopanax pictus Nakai. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 39: 865-870 https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.39.865
  19. Whittle, B.A. 1949. The use of change in capillary permeability to distinguish between narcotic and anagesic. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 22: 246-460
  20. Yesilada, S., E. Tanaka, E. Sezik and M. Tanabe. 1988. Isolation of anti-inflammatory principle from the fruit juice of Ecballium elaterium. J. Nat. Prod. 51: 504-508 https://doi.org/10.1021/np50057a008
  21. Yang, L.C., M. Marsala, T.L. and Yaksh. 1996. Characterization of time course spinal amino acids, citrulline and PGE2 release after carrageenan/kaolin-induced knee joint inflammation: a chronic microdialysis study. Pain 67: 343-353