Transactions of Materials Processing (소성∙가공)

The Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity and materials processing (한국소성∙가공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Thermally-Induced Birefringence in Freely Quenched Plates of Polycarbonate

자유냉각된 폴리카보네이트 평판에서의 열에 의한 복굴절

  • 이호상 (충주대학교 항공.기계설계학과) ;
  • Published : 2007.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Simulations of the thermally-induced residual stresses and birefringence in freely quenched plates of polycarbonate were performed by using the linear viscoelastic and photoviscoelastic constitutive equations for the mechanical and optical properties, respectively, and the first order rate equation for volume relaxation. The predictions for the birefringence showed good agreement with experimental measurements. However, for initial temperature close to the glass transition temperature, some differences existed around the surface layer. Based on the simulation, the influences of various cooling conditions on the residual stress and birefringence in plates were investigated. The residual stress and birefringence increased with increasing initial temperature, decreasing coolant temperature and increasing heat transfer coefficient of coolants.

Keywords

References

  1. G. Klepek, 1988, Feinwerktechnik & Messtechnik, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munchen, Vol. 6
  2. A. I. Isayev, C. A. Hieber, 1980, Toward a Viscoelastic Modeling of the Injection Molding of Polymers, Rheol. Acta., Vol. 19, pp. 168-182 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01521928
  3. A. I. Isayev, Ed., 1987, Injection and Compression Molding Fundamentals, Marcel Dekker, New York
  4. A. I. Isayev, Ed., 1991, Modeling of Polymer Proscessing; Recent Development, Hanser, Munich
  5. R. Wimbereger-Friedl, 1995, Assessment of orientation, stress and density distributions in injection-molded amorphous polymers by optical techniques, Prog. Polym. Sci., Vol. 20, pp. 369-401 https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6700(94)00036-2
  6. A. I. Isayev, 1983, Orientation Development in the Injection Molding of Amorphous Polymers, Polym. Eng. Sci., Vol. 23, pp. 271-288 https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.760230507
  7. H. Janeschitz-Kriegl, 1983, Polymer Melt Rheology and Flow Birefringence, Springer, Berlin
  8. Y. B. Lee, K. H. Kwon, K. Yoon, 2002, Numerical Prediction of Residual Stresses and Birefringence in Injection/Compression Molded Center-Gated Disk: Part 1. Basic Modeling and Results for Injection, Polym. Eng. Sci., Vol. 42, pp. 2246-2272 https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.11114
  9. Y. B. Lee, K. H. Kwon, K. Yoon, 2002, Numerical Prediction of Residual Stresses and Birefringence in Injection/Compression Molded Center-Gated Disk: Part 2. Effects of Processing Conditions, Polym. Eng. Sci., Vol. 42, pp. 2273-2292 https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.11115
  10. S. C. Chen, Y. C. Chen, N. T. Cheng, 1998, Simulation of Injection-Compression Mold-Filling Process, Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 25, pp. 907-917 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1933(98)00082-7
  11. S. C. Chen, Y. C. Chen, H. S. Peng, 2000, Simulation of Injection-Compression-Molding Process. 2., Influence of Process Characteristics in Part Shrinkage, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., Vol. 75, pp. 1640-1654 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(20000328)75:13<1640::AID-APP10>3.0.CO;2-L
  12. N. Famili, A. I. Isayev, 1991, Viscoelastic Modeling of Injection Molding of a Strip and a Center-gated Disk Cavity, in Modeing of Polymer Processing: Recent Developments, Hanser, Munich
  13. G. D. Shyu, A.I. Isayev, 1995, Residual Stresses and Birefringence in Injection Molded Disks, SPE ANTEC Tech Papers, Vol. 41, pp. 2911-2916
  14. S. C. Chen, Y. C. Chen, 1995, Effect of process conditions on birefringence development in injection-molded parts. l. Numerical analysis, J Appl. Polym. Sci., Vol. 55, pp. 1757-1769 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070551306
  15. Y. C. Chen, C. H Chen, S. C. Chen, 1996, Effects of processing conditions on birefringence development in injection molded parts. II. Experimental measurement, Polym. Int., Vol. 40, pp. 251-259 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0126(199608)40:4<251::AID-PI547>3.0.CO;2-L
  16. A. I. Isayev, D. L. Crouthamel, 1984, Residual Stress Development in the Injection Molding of Polymers, Polym. Plast. Tech. Eng., Vol. 22, pp. 177-232 https://doi.org/10.1080/03602558408070038
  17. W. C. Bushko, V. K. Stokes, 1995, Solidification of Thermoviscoelastic Melts. Part I: Formulation of Model Problem, Poly. Eng. Sci., Vol. 35, pp. 351-364 https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.760350409
  18. W. C. Bushko, V. K. Stokes, 1995, Solidification of Thermoviscoelastic Melts. Part 2: Effects of Processing Conditions on Shrinkage and Residual Stresses, Poly. Eng. Sci., Vol. 35, pp. 365-383 https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.760350410
  19. L. W. Morland, E. H. Lee, 1960, Stress analysis for linear viscoelastic materials with temperature variation, Trans. Soc. Rheol. Vol. 4, pp. 233-263 https://doi.org/10.1122/1.548856
  20. G. D. Shyu, A. I. Isayev, 1993, Residual Birefringence in Amorphous Plastic Products, SPE ANTEC Tech Papers, Vol. 39, pp. 1673-1677
  21. X. Guo, A. I. Isayev, 1999, Residual Stresses and Birefringence in Injection Molding of Semicrystalline Polymer II. Experiment and Simulation, lnt. Polym. Proc., Vol. 14, pp. 387-398 https://doi.org/10.3139/217.1564
  22. O. S. Narayanaswamy, R. Gardon, 1969, Calculation of residual stresses in glass, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol. 52, No. 10, pp. 554-558 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1969.tb09163.x
  23. G. D. Shyu, A. I. lsayev, C. T. Li, 2001, Photoviscoelastic Behavior of Amorphous Polymers during Transition from the Glassy to Rubbery State, J. Polym. Sci., Vol. 39, pp. 2252-2262 https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.1199
  24. G. D. Shyu, A. I. lsayev, 1992, Residual Thermal Birefringence in Quenched Amorphous Polymers, SPE ANTEC Tech Papers, Vol. 38, pp. 549-553
  25. G. D. Shyu, A. I. lsayev, C. T. Li, 2003, Residual Thermal Birefringence in Freely Quenched Plates of Amorphous Polymers: Simulation and Experiments, J. Polym. Sci., Phys., Vol. 41, pp. 1850-1867 https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.10390
  26. G. D. Shyu, 1993, Birefringence and Residual Stresses in Molded Articles of Amorphous Polymers, Ph. D. Thesis, The University of Akron
  27. R. Wimberger-Friedl, R. D. H. M. Hendriks, 1989, The measurement and calculation of birefringence in quenched polycarbonate specimens, Polymer, Vol. 30, pp. 1143-1150 https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(89)90095-5