References
- Gray, M. R, Upgrading petroleum residues and heavy oils, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp, 1-6 (1994)
- Ichinose, To, Fujimura, K, Takeno, K., Motai, T., Arakawa, Y., and Fujii, H., 'Combustion characteristics and pollution minimum technology for VR (Vacuum Residue) fired boiler,' JSME International Journal, 41, 1055-1060 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmeb.41.1055
- Minoru, H., 'Demonstrative operation plan of asphalt burning power plant in oil refinery,' in 17th WEC congress, Huston, USA (1998)
- Hashimoto, A., Ichinose, T., Fujimura, K., Kaneko, S., Hishida, M., and Arakawa, Y., 'Development of low excess air combustion technology for residual oil fuels,' Mitsubishi Juco Giho, 35 (1998). See also http://www. mhi.co.jp/tech/htm/8351 /e835108a.htm
- Fujimura, K., Mastumoto, H., Arakawa, Y., Fujii, H., and Mizoguchi, T., 'Development and operation results of VR firing boiler,' Mitsubishi Juco Giho, 36 (1999). See also http://www.mhi.co.jp/tech/htm/9362/e936211a.htm
- Aoki, H., Fukushima, H., and Yoshida, T., 'Design and operation results of vacuum residue firing boiler (Japanese),' The thermal and nuclear power, 55, 1356-1362 (2004)
- Park, H. Y., and Kim, T. H., 'Non-isothermal pyrolysis of vacuum residue (VR) in a thermogravimetric analyzer,' Energy Conversion and Management, 47, 2118-2127 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2005.12.009
- Clayton, R. M., and Back, L. H., 'Physical and chemical characteristics of cenospheres from the combustion of heavy fuel oil,' Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 111, 679-84 (1989) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3240312
- Northrop, P. S., Gavalas, G. R., and Levendis, Y. A., 'Combustion characteristics of carbonaceous residues from heavy oil fired boilers,' Energy & Fuels, 5, 587-94 (1991) https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00028a010
-
Seggiani, M., Vitolo, S., and Narducci, P., 'Investigation on the porosity development by
$CO_2$ activation in heavy oil fly ashes,' Fuel, 82, 1441-1450 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(03)00063-2 - Hsieh, Y. M., and Tsai, M. S., 'Physical and chemical analyses of unburned carbon from oil-fired fly ash,' Carbon, 41, 2317-2324 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(03)00283-5
- Allouis, C., Beretta, F., and D 'Alessio, A., Structure of inorganic and carbonaceous particles emitted from heavy oil combustion,' Chemosphere, 51, 1091-1096 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00714-2
- Caramuscio, P., Stefano, L. D., Seggiani, M., Vitolo, S., and Narducci, P., 'Preparation of activated carbons from heavy-oil ashes,' Waste Management, 23, 345-351 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(02)00118-6
- Bertran, C. A., and Marques, C. S. T., 'Study of the particulate matter emitted from residual oil combustion and natural gas reburning,' J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 15, 548-555 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532004000400017
- Park, H. Y., and Kim, Y. J., 'Combustion characteristics of vacuum residue in a test furnace and its utilization for utility boiler,' Korean J. of Chem. Eng., 24(1), 83-92 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-007-5014-3
- Kajitani, S., Hara, S., and Matsuda, H., 'Gasification rate analysis of coal char with a pressurized drop tube furnace,' FueI, 81, 539-546 (2002)
- Radovic, L. R., Walker, P. L., and Jenkins, F. G ., 'Importance of carbon active sites in the gasification of coal chars,' Fuel, 62, 849-856 (1983) https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(83)90041-8
- Gan, H., Nandi, S. P., and Walker, P. L., 'Nature of the porosity in American coals,' Fuel, 51, 272-277 (1972) https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(72)90003-8