The Examination of Subgroup-Sensitive Risks and Needs among Delinquent Adolescents in the US

  • Lim, Ji-Young (Dept. of Family Studies and Social Work, Miami University)
  • Published : 2007.12.30

Abstract

While there is growing evidence regarding the subgroup-sensitive nature of risk factors among delinquent adolescents, researchers have paid little attention to the tracking of risks and needs by subgroups (e.g., gender, ethnicity, and the timing of onset for delinquency) among youth who are currently involved in the juvenile court system. Therefore, greater empirical attention directed toward subgroup-sensitive risk factors experienced by delinquent adolescents is thought to be both timely and necessary. A final convenience sample of 2167 court-involved adolescents in the US was used to specify subgroup-sensitive risks and needs. The results demonstrated that there were various levels of risks according to subgroups associated with gender, ethnicity, and onset for delinquency group. The findings of this study add to the extant literature on delinquency by demonstrating the importance of considering subgroups associated with gender, ethnicity, and the timing of onset for delinquency when practicing treatment or intervention programs with delinquent adolescents.

Keywords

References

  1. Acoca, L. (1998). Outside/inside: The violation of American girls at home, on the streets and in the juvenile justice system. Crime & Delinquency, 44(4), 561-589 https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128798044004006
  2. Chandy, J. M., Blum, R. W, & Resnick, M. D. (1996). Female adolescents with a history of sexual abuse: Risk outcome and protective factors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 11(4), 503-518 https://doi.org/10.1177/088626096011004004
  3. Chesney-Lind, M. (1997). The Female Offender: Female adolescents, Women and Crime. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc
  4. Chesney-Lind, M. & Okamoto, S. (2001). Gender matters: Patterns in female adolescent's delinquency and Gender Responsive Programming. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 1, 1-28
  5. DeJong, C. & Jackson, K. C. (1998). Putting race into context: Race, juvenile justice processing, and urbanization. Justice Quarterly, 15, 487-504 https://doi.org/10.1080/07418829800093851
  6. Elliott, D. S. (1994). An overview of youth violence. Paper presented at the Conference on Children and Violence, Queenstown, MD
  7. Elliott, D. S., Wilson, W. J., Huizinga, D., Sampson, R. J., Elliott, A., & Rankin, B. (1996). The effects of neighborhood disadvantage. on adolescent development. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 33(4), 389-426 https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427896033004002
  8. Ensminger, M. E. (1990) Sexual activity and problem behaviors among black, urban, adolescents. Child Development, 61, 2032-3046 https://doi.org/10.2307/1130857
  9. Fox, G. L. & Benson, M. L. (2000). Families, crime and criminal justice: Charting the linkages. In G. L. Fox & M. L. Benson (Eds.), Contemporary issues in family research series (families and crime millennium volume) (pp. 1-24). Stanford, CT: JAI Press
  10. Gavazzi, S. M. (2006). Gender, Ethnicity and the Family Environment: Contributions to Assessment Efforts within the Realm of Juvenile Justice. Family Relations, 55, 190-199 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2006.00369.x
  11. Gavazzi, S. M. & Lim, J. Y. (2003). Advances in measurement of global risk indicators in lives of court-involved youth: brief evidence for concurrent validity. Psychological Reports, 93, 750-752 https://doi.org/10.2466/PR0.93.7.750-752
  12. Gavazzi, S. M., Lim, J. Y., Yarcheck, C. M., & Eyre, E. L. (2003). A brief report regarding predictive validity evidence of global risk indicators in the lives of court-involved youth. Psychological Reports, 93, 1239-1242 https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.3f.1239
  13. Gavazzi, S. M., Slade, D., Buettner, C. K., Partridge, C., Yarcheck, C. M., & Andrews, D. W. (2003). Toward conceptual development and empirical measurement of global risk indicators in the lives of court-involved youth. Psychological Reports, 92, 599-615 https://doi.org/10.2466/PR0.92.2.599-615
  14. Gavazzi, S. M., Yarcheck, C. M.,. & Chesney-Lind, M. (2006). Global Risk Indicators and the Role of Gender in a Juvenile Detention Sample. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 33, 597-612 https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854806288184
  15. Gavazzi, S. M., Yarcheck., C. M., & Lim, J. Y. (2005). Ethnicity, gender,. and global risk indicators in the lives of status offenders coming to the attention of the juvenile court. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 49, 696-710 https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X05276467
  16. Gorman-Smith, D., & Tolan, P. H. (2003). Positive adaptation among youth exposed to community violence. In Luthar, S. S. (Ed.). Resilience and vulnerability: Adaptation in the context of childhood adversities, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 392-413
  17. Hawkins, J. D., Herrenkohl, T., Farrington, D. P., Brewer, D., Catalano, R. E., & Hirachi, T.W. (1998). A review of predictors of youth violence. In serious and violent juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions, edited by R. Loeber and D.P. Farrington. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., pp. 106-146
  18. Henggeler, S. (1989). Delinquency in adolescence. Sage Publications, Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, US
  19. Hubbard, D. J. & T. C. Pratt (2002). A Meta-Analysis of the Predictors of Delinquency among Female adolescents. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 34(3), pp. 1-13
  20. Hubbard, D. J. (2.004). Why girls are at-risk and how to prevent and treat the problem, Westerville, OH: Girls Institute of Ohio
  21. Huizinga, D. & Elliott, D. S. (1987). Reassessing the reliability and validity of self-report delinquency measures. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 2(4), 293-327
  22. Loeber, R., Farrington, D. P., & Petechuk, D. (2003). Child delinquency: Early intervention and prevention bulletin. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
  23. Loeber, R. & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1998). Development of juvenile aggression and violence: Some common misconceptions and controversies. American Psychologist, 53(2), 242-259 https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.2.242
  24. Lyons, J. S., Baerger, D. R., Quigley, J. E., & Griffin, E. (2001). Mental health service needs of juvenile offenders: A comparison of detention, incarceration, and treatment settings. Children's Services: Social Policy, Research, and Practice, 4(2), 69-85 https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326918CS0402_2
  25. Margolin, G. & Gardis, E. B. (2000). Children's exposure to violence in the family and community. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13(4), 152-155 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00296.x
  26. Moffitt. T. E. (1993). Life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100, 674-701 https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.100.4.674
  27. Moffitt, T. E. & Caspi, A. (2001). Childhood predictors differentiate life-course persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways among males and females. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 355-375 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579401002097
  28. National Center for Children in Poverty (2002). The Role of Community Development Corporations in Promoting the Well-Being of Young Children, National Center for Children in Poverty
  29. Neumark, S. D., Story, M., French, S.A., & Resnick, M. D. (1997). Psychosocial correlates of health compromising behaviors among adolescents. Health Education Research, 12, 37-52 https://doi.org/10.1093/her/12.1.37
  30. Patterson, G. R., DeGarmo, D. S., & Knutson, N. (2000). Hyperactive and antisocial behavior: Hyperactive and antisocial behaviors: Comorbid or two points in the same process? Developmental Psychopathology, 12(1), 91-106 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400001061
  31. Peterson, P. L., Hawkins, D. J., Abbott, R. D., & Catalano, R. F. (1994). Disentangling the effects of parental drinking, family management, and parental alcohol norms on current drinking by black and white adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 4, 203-227 https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327795jra0402_3
  32. Sampson, R.J. (1997). The Embeddedness of Child and Adolescent Development: A Community-Level Perspective on Urban Violence. In J. McCord ed., Violence and Childhood in the Inner City. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
  33. Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W, & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277(5328), 919-924
  34. Sigel, L. & Senna, J. (1997). Juvenile delinquency: Theory, practice, and law. NY: West Publishing Company
  35. Silverthorn, P. & Frick, P. J. (1999). Developmental pathways to antisocial behavior: the delayed-onset pathway in girls. Development and Psychopathology, 11, 101-126 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579499001972
  36. Storvoll, E. E.,. Wichstrom, L., & Pape, H. (2003). Gender differences in the association between conduct problems and other problems among adolescents. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 3, 194-209 https://doi.org/10.1080/14043850310010794
  37. Taylor, J. & Turner, R. J. (2002). Perceived discrimination, social stress and depression in the transition to adulthood: Racial contrasts. Social Psychology Quarterly, 65(3), 213-225 https://doi.org/10.2307/3090120
  38. Thornberry, T. P., Huizinga, D., & Loeber, R. (1995). The prevention of serious delinquency and violence: Implications from the program of research on the causes and correlates of delinquency. In A Sourcebook: Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders, edited by J.C. Howell, B. Krisberg, J.D. Hawkins, and J.J. Wilson. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 213-237
  39. United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2001). Youth violence: A report of the surgeon general. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
  40. United States of Department of Justice. Federal Bureau of Investigation (2000). Crime in the United States 2000: Uniform Crime Reports. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice
  41. Wilson, M. R. F. (1996). An integrated theoretical framework of juvenile and gang delinquency causation: A structural equation model. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities & Social Sciences. 57(1-A), 0451
  42. Zabel, R. H. & Nigro, F. A. (1998). Juvenile offenders with behavioral disorders, learning disabilities, and no disabilities: Self-reports of personal, family, and school characteristics. Behavioral Disorder, 25(1), 22-40