Journal of Life Science (생명과학회지)

Korean Society of Life Science (한국생명과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Population analysis of eelgrass, Zostera marina L. in Geojedo, Gaedo, and Jedo on the southern coastal water of Korea using RAPD-PCR

RAPD 방법을 이용한 거제도, 개도, 제도해역에서 채집한 말잘피 개체분석

  • 조은섭 (국립수산과학원 남해수산연구소) ;
  • 이상용 (국립수산과학원 남해수산연구소) ;
  • 김정배 (국립수산과학원 남해수산연구소)
  • Published : 2007.04.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Assessments of population genetic structure and diversity can be of value in formulating management plans for threatened eelgrass(Zostera maim). Using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers, we found evidence of significant genetic structure among the populations of eelgrass sampled at three areas(Geojedo, Gaedo, and Jedo). A highly isolated(>100 km apart) population from the Geojedo had a long genetic distance(0.16), whereas the populations from the Gaedo and Jedo(<10 km apart) exhibited far less distance(0.08). The analysis of similarity within population showed that Geojedo was over 70%, which was of lower value than of Gaedo and Jedo. Based on these results, we realized that heterogeneous population was in accordance with geographic separation. This is caused by limited seed dispersal and interrupted gene flow, although the sample size is small.

본 연구는 말잘피 군집의 유전적 구조 및 다양성 분석은 잘피 관리를 위해서 시행했다. 거제도, 개도, 제도연안에 서식하는 잘피를 대상으로 RAPD분석에 따른 유전적 다양성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 거제도는 개도 및 제도와는 100 km 이상 떨어진 지역에 서식하는 잘피의 유전적 거리는 0.16으로 나타난 반면에,개도와 제도의 유전적 거리는 0.08정도로 보이고 있다. 거제도에 서식하는 잘피의 개체내 유전적 유사도는 70% 이상으로 나타났으나, 개도와 제도에 비하면 낮은 유사도를 보이고 있다. 따라서 남해안에 서식하고 있는 잘피의 개체는 지역적 거리에 따라 유전적으로 상이한 집단을 형성하고 있다. 이러한 원인은 시스트 확산 및 유전자 이동률 제한 때문인 것으로 추정된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ackerman, J. D. 1986. Mechanistic implications for pollination in the marine angiosperm Zostera marina. Aquat. Bot. 24, 343-353 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(86)90101-4
  2. Ackerman, J. D. 1997. Submarine pollination in the marine angiosperm Zostera marina (Zosteraceae). II. Pollen transport in flow fields and capture by stigmas. Am. J. Bot. 84, 1110-1119 https://doi.org/10.2307/2446154
  3. Aioi, K. 1998. On the red list of Japanese seagrasses. Aquabiology 20, 7-12
  4. Alberte, R. S., G. K. Suba, G. Procaccini and R. C. Zimmerman. 1994. Assessment of genetic diversity of seagrass population using DNA fingerprinting: implications for population stability and management. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 1049-1053 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.3.1049
  5. Baeck, G. W., S. N. Kwak and S. H. Huh. 2005. Seasonal variations in abundance and species composition of fishes in an eelgrass bed in Myoungjuri of Jindong bay. Kor. J. Ichthyol. 17, 8-18
  6. Choi, T. S. and K. Y. Kim. 2002. Time-dependent variation of growth and nutrient uptake of Ulva pertusa Kjellman (Chlorophyta) from intertidal eelgrass beds. Algae 17, 249-257 https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2002.17.4.249
  7. Cowen, R. K., C. B. Paris, D. B. Olson and J. L. Fortuna. 2003. The role of long distance dispersal versus local retention in replenishing marine populations. Gulf Caribb. Res. 14, 129-137
  8. de Cock, A. 1980. Flowering, pollination and fruiting in Zostera marina L. Aquat. Bot. 9, 201-220 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(80)90023-6
  9. de Heji, H. and P. H. Nienhuis. 1992. Intraspecific variation in isozyme patterns of phenotypically separated populations of Zostera marina L. in the south-western Netherlands. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 161, 1-14 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(92)90185-D
  10. den Hartog, C. 1970. The seagrass of the world. North Holland Publication, Amsterdam, 275 p
  11. Dennison, W. C, R. J. Orth, K. A. Moore, J. C. Stevenson, V. Carter, S. Kollar, P. W. Bergstrom and P. A. Batiuk. 1993. Assessing water quality with submersed aquatic vegetation. BioScience 43, 86-94 https://doi.org/10.2307/1311969
  12. Ewanchuk, P. J. and S. L. Williams. 1996. Survival and re-establishment of vegetative fragmentation of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.). Can. J. Bot. 74, 1584-1590 https://doi.org/10.1139/b96-191
  13. Gagnon, P. S., R. I. Vadas, D. B. Burdick and B. May. 1980. Genetic identity of annual and perennial forms of Zostera marina L. Aquatic Botany 8, 157-162 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(80)90047-9
  14. Hamm, D. E. and R. S. Burton. 2000. Population genetics of black abalone, Haliotis cracherodii, along the central California coast. J. Exp. Mar. Bio. Ecol. 254, 235-247 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(00)00283-5
  15. Harwell, M. C. and R. J. Orth. 2002. Long distance dispersal potential in marine macrophytes. Ecology 83, 3319-3330 https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[3319:LDDPIA]2.0.CO;2
  16. Heck, K. L. and G. S. Westone. 1977. Habitat complexity and invertebrate species richness and abundance in tropical seagrass meadows. J. Biogeoger. 4, 135-142 https://doi.org/10.2307/3038158
  17. Hellberg, M. E., R. S. Burton, J. E. Neigel and S. R. Palumbi. 2002. Genetic assessment of connectivity among marine populations. Bull. Mar. Sci. 70, 273-290
  18. Huh, S. H. and C. L. Kitting. 1985. Trophic relationships among concentrated populations of small fishes in seagrass meadows. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 92, 29-43 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(85)90020-6
  19. Jarne, P. and P. J. L. Lagoda. 1996. Microsatellites: from molecules to populations and back. Trends in Ecol. Evol. 11, 424-429 https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(96)10049-5
  20. Kato, Y., K. Aioi, Y. Omori, N. Takahata and Y. Satta. 2003. Phylogenetic analyses of Zostera species based on rbcL and matK nucleotide sequences: Implications for the origin and diversification of seagrasses in Japanases waters. Genes Genet. Syst. 78, 329-342 https://doi.org/10.1266/ggs.78.329
  21. Klump, D. W., R. K. Howard and D. A. Pollard. 1989. Trophodynamics and nutritional ecology of seagrass communities. In Larkum, A. W. D., A. J. McComb and S. D. Sheperd (eds.), Biology of seagrasses: A treatiese on the biology of seagrasses with special reference to the Australian region, Elsevier Science Publishers, pp. 394-437
  22. Kwak, S. N. and S. H. Huh. 2003. Feeding habit of Limanda yokohamae in the eelgrass (Zostera marina) bed in Kwangyang bay. J. Kor. Fish. Soc. 36, 522-527 https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2003.36.5.522
  23. Lee, K. S. and K. H. Dunton. 1999. Inorganic nitrogen acquisition in the seagrass Thalassia testudinum: Development of a whole-plant nitrogen budget. Limnol. Oceanogr. 44, 1204-1215 https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1999.44.5.1204
  24. Lee, K. S., J. I. Park, I. K. Chung, D. W. Kang and S. H. Huh. 2004. Production ecology of the seagrass Zostera marina in Jindong bay, Korea. Algae 19, 39-47 https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2004.19.1.039
  25. Lee, S. M., S. Y. Lee and C. I. Choi. 2005. Reproductive phenology of four Korean seagrasses, Zostera caespitosa, Z. caulescens, Z. japonica and Z. marina. Ocean and Polar Res. 27, 125-133 https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2005.27.2.125
  26. Lee, S. Y., C. J. Kwon, T. J. Kim, Y. B. Shu and C. I. Choi. 1999. Morphological variation of Zostera asiatica Miki (Zosteraceae) from various habitats. Kor. J. Environ. Biol. 17, 503-512
  27. Lee, S. Y., C. J. Kwon, S. Heo and C. I. Choi. 2000a. Seagrass (Zostera marina L., Zosteraceae) bed in the brackish lake Hwanjinpo, Korea. Kor. J. Limnol. 33, 336-341
  28. Lee, S. Y., C. J. Kwon and C. I. Choi. 2000b. Distribution of Zostera (Zosteraceae) and habitat characteristics in the eastern coastal waters of Korea. J. Kor. Fish. Soc. 33, 501-507
  29. Lee, S. Y., S. M. Lee, H. G. Jee and C. I. Choi. 2001. The distribution and habitation characteristics of Zostera marina L. along the southern coast of Korea. Kor. J. Environ. Biol. 19, 313-320
  30. Lee, S. Y., C. J. Kwon, K. S. Lee and C. I. Choi. 2002. Distribution of eelgrass, Zostera marina L. on coasts of the Korean peninsula: Preliminary study for eelgrass restoration. Ocean and Polar Res. 24, 55-61 https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2002.24.1.055
  31. Lee, S. Y., S. M. Lee, J. H. Kim and C. I. Choi. 2003. Phenology and morphometrics change of Zostera marina L. population at Duksan port in the eastern coast of Korea. The Sea 8, 70-77
  32. Lee, S. Y., S. M. Lee and C. I. Choi. 2005. Phenology and reproductive effort of two Zostera marina L. populations on the southern coast of Korea. Ocean and Polar Res. 27, 67-74 https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2005.27.1.067
  33. Lee, S. Y., J. B. Kim and S. M. Lee. 2006. Temporal dynamics of subtidal Zostera marina and intertidal Zostera japonica on the southern coast of Korea. Marine Ecology 27, 133-144 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2006.00089.x
  34. Les, D. H. and M. A. Cleland. 1997. Phylogenetic studies in Alismatidae, II: Evolution of marine angiosperms (seagrasses) and hydrophily. Syst. Bot. 22, 443-463 https://doi.org/10.2307/2419820
  35. Lesk, D. H., M. L. Moody, S. W. L. Jacobs and R. J. Bayer. 2002. Systematics of seagrasses (Zosteraceae) in Australia and New Zealand. Syst. Bot. 27, 468-484
  36. Mild, S. 1932. On seagrass new to Japan. Mag. Bot. Mag. 46, 774-788 https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.46.774
  37. Miki, S. 1933. On the seagrasses in Japan (1). Zostera and Phyllospadix, with special reference to morphological and ecological characters. Bot. Mag. 47, 842-862 https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.47.842
  38. Muniz-Salazar, R., S. L. Talbot, G. K. Sage, D. H. Ward and A. Cabello-Pasini. 2005. Population genetic structure of annual and perennial populations of Zostera marina L. along the Pacific coast of Baja Californaia and the Gulf of California. Mol. Ecol. 14, 711-722 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02454.x
  39. Muniz-Salzar, R., S. L. Talbot, C. K. Sage, D. H. Ward and A. Cabello-Pasini. 2006. Genetic structure of eelgrass Zostera marina meadows in an embayment with restricted water flow. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 107, 107-116
  40. Olsen, J. L., W. T. Stam, J. A. Coyer, T. B. H. Reusch et al. 2004. North Atlantic phylogeography and large scale population differentiation of the seagrass Zostera marina L. Mol. Ecol. 13, 1923-1941 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02205.x
  41. Orth, R. J. and K. A. Moore. 1983. Chesapeake Bay: An unprecedented decline in submerged aquatic vegetation. Science 222, 51-53 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.222.4619.51
  42. Orth, R. J., K. L. Heck and J. V. Monfrans. 1984. Faunal communities in seagrass beds: A review of the influence of plant structure and prey characteristics on predator-prey relationships. Esturaries 7, 339-350 https://doi.org/10.2307/1351618
  43. Phillips, R. C. and E. C. Menez. 1988. Seagrasses: Seagrasses. Simthsonian Contr. Mar. Sci. 34, 1-104
  44. Reusch, T. B. H., W. T. Stam and J. L. Olsen. 1999. Microsatellite loci in eelgrass Zostera marina reveal marked polymorphism within and among populations. Mol. Ecol. 8, 317-321 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.1999.00531.x
  45. Reusch, T. B. H., W. T. Stam and J. L. Olsen. 2000. A microsatellite-based estimation of clonal diversity and population subdivision in Zostera marina, a marine flowering plant. Mol. Ecol. 9, 127-140 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00839.x
  46. Reusch, T. B. H. 2002. Microsatellites reveal high population connectivity in eelgrass (Zostera marina) in two contrasting coastal areas. Limnol. Oceanogr. 47, 78-85 https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2002.47.1.0078
  47. Ruckelshaus, M. H. 1996. Estimation of genetic neighborhood parameters from pollen and seed dispersal in the marine angiosperm Zostera marina L. Evoultion 50, 856-864
  48. Ruckelshaus, M. H. 1998. Spatial scale of genetic structure and an indirect estimate of gene flow in eelgrass, Zostera marina. Evolution 52, 330-343 https://doi.org/10.2307/2411071
  49. Rozas, L. P. and T. J. Minello. 1998. Nekton use of salt marsh, seagrass, and nonvegetated habitats in a South Texas (USA) estuary. Bull. Mar. Sci. 63, 481-501
  50. Setchell, W. A. 1922. Zostera marina in its relation to temperature. Science 54, 575-577
  51. Setchell, W.A. 1927. Zostera marina latifolia: ecad or ecotype? Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 54, 1-6 https://doi.org/10.2307/2480130
  52. Shin, H. C. and H. K. Choi. 1998. Taxonomy and distribution of Zostera (Zosteraceae) in eastern Asia, with special reference to Korea. Aqua. Bot. 60, 49-66 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3770(97)00066-1
  53. Sneath, P. H. A. and R. R. Soka. 1973. Numerical taxonomy. Terrman, San Francisco
  54. Taylor, M. S. and M. E. Hellberg. 2003. Genetic evidence for local retention of pelagic larvae in a Carribean reef fish. Science 299, 107-109 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1079365
  55. Terrado, J. and S. L. Williams. 1997. Leaf versus root nitrogen uptake by the surfgrass Phyllospadix torreyi. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 149, 267-277 https://doi.org/10.3354/meps149267
  56. Tutin, M. A. 1936. New species of Zostera from Britain. J. Bot. 74, 227-230
  57. Williams, S. L. and C. A. Davis. 1996. Population genetic analysis of transplanted eelgrass (Zostera marina) reveal reduced genetic diversity in southern California. Restor. Ecol. 4, 163-180 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.1996.tb00117.x
  58. Williams, S. I. and R. J. Orth. 1998. Genetic diversity and structure of natural and transplanted eelgrass populations in the Chesapeake and Chincoteague Bays. Estuaries 21, 118-128 https://doi.org/10.2307/1352551
  59. Williams, S. L. 2001. Reduced genetic diversity in eelgrass transplantations affects both population growth and individual fitness. Ecol. Appl. 11, 1472-1488 https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[1472:RGDIET]2.0.CO;2
  60. Yun, S.G., S. H. Byun, S. N. Kwak and S. H. Huh. 2002. Seasonal variation of caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) on blades of Zostera marina in Kwangyang bay, Korea. J. Kor. Fish. Soc. 35, 105-109 https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2002.35.2.105