20 Years Surgical Experiences for Ebstein's Anomaly

엡스타인 기형의 20년 수술 치험

  • Lee, Sak (Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Han-Ki (Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Chang-Young (Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Chang, Byung-Chul (Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Young-Hwan (Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
  • 이삭 (연세대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실, 심장혈관외과) ;
  • 박한기 (연세대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실, 심장혈관외과) ;
  • 이창영 (연세대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실, 심장혈관외과) ;
  • 장병철 (연세대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실, 심장혈관외과) ;
  • 박영환 (연세대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실, 심장혈관외과)
  • Published : 2007.04.05

Abstract

Background: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical results of surgically managing patients with Ebstein's anomaly. Material and Method: Between Feb. f 984 and June 2006, 50 patients who underwent surgical treatment for Ebstein's anomaly at Yonsei Cardiovascular Center were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 26.9 years and 19 patients were male, Associated anomalies included atrial septal defect (33), patent ductus arteriosus (2), ventricular septal defect (1), and pulmonary stenosis (4), and 90%, (45/50) of the patients had more than a moderate degree of tricuspid regurgitation. Carpentier type A was present in 6 patients, type B in 26, type C in 14 and type D in 4. Ten patients were associated with WPW syndrome. Conservative surgery was possible in 31 patients (tricuspid annuloplasty, plication of the atrialized RV), Fontan's operation was peformed in 4 patients, tricuspid valve replacement was done in 12 and palliative surgery was done in 2 patients. Thirteen patients were associated with hi-directional cavopulmonary shunt (BCPS: one and a half ventricular repairs): 10 patients with WPW syndrome and 4 patients with atrial fibrillation underwent concomitant ablation. Result: The postoperative median NYHA functional class $(3{\rightarrow}1)$ and the mean cardio-thoracic ratio $(0.65{\rightarrow}0.59)$ were decreased significantly (p<0.001, p=0.014). The mean oxygen saturation $(86.6{\rightarrow}94.1%)$, and median TR grade $(4{\rightarrow}1)$ were also significantly improved (p=0.004, p<0.001). For comparison of BCPS and conservative surgery, the preoperative right ventricular pressure (33.0 vs. 41.3 mmHg), the ICU stay (2.80 vs. 1.89 days), the hospital say (10.6 vs. 16.8 days), and the left ventricular ejection fraction (64.3 vs. 72.8%) were statistically different. Postoperative mortality occurred in 3 patients (6%) due to biventricular failure in 2 patients and sepsis in the other patient. The mean follow up duration was 101.5 months, and one patient died of Fontan failure and 6 patients required reoperation (bioprosthetic degenerative change (2) and Fontan conversion (4)). The overall survival rate at 10 years was 90.2%, the freedom from reoperation rate and rate of cardiac related events were 78.9% and 49.2%, respectively. Conclusion: Surgical management of Ebstein's anomaly can be performed safely, and the associated BCPS may be helpful for high-risk patients. Adequate application of surgical management may increase the long-term survival with a reduced rate of reoperation.

배경: 엡스타인 기형 환자들에서 수술적 치료의 임상적 결과를 살펴보기 위해 후향적 조사를 실시하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1984년 2월부터 2006년 6월까지 엡스타인 기형으로 수술적 치료를 시행 받은 50명의 환자들을 대상으로 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 환자들의 평균 연령은 26.9세였고, 남자가 19명이었다. 동반 심질환으로는 심방중격결손(33), 동맥관개존(2), 심실중격결손(1), 폐동맥협착(4) 등이 있었고 90% (45/50)의 환자에서 중증도 이상의 삼첨판막 폐쇄부전을 동반하였다. Carpentier type은 A형 6명, B형 26명, C형 14명, D형 4명이 속하였고 10명의 환자에서 WPW증후군을 동반하였다. 수술방법으로는 31명의 환자에서 보존적 수술(삼첨판 성형술, 심방화 우심실 주름잡기술(plication of atrialized RV) 등)이 가능하였으며, 폰탄씨 수술은 4명, 삼첨판막 치환술 12명, 고식적 수술은 2명의 환자에서 시행되었다. 13명의 환자에서 양방향성 상대정맥-폐동맥 단락술을 시행하였고(one and a half ventricular repair), WPW 증후군을 동반한 10명의 환자와 심방세동의 4명의 환자에서 부정맥에 대한 수술적 치료가 함께 시행되었다. 걸과: 술 후 뉴욕심장학회 기능분류(New York Heart Association Functional Class) (중간값 3 (범위: $1{\sim}4$)${\rightarrow}\;(1{\sim}3)$)와 평균 심흉비$(0.65{\rightarrow}0.59)$는 술 전에 비해 통계학적으로 의미 있게 감소하였다(P<0.001, p=0.014). 평균 산소포화도$(86.6{\rightarrow}94.1%)$와 삼첨판막역류 정도(중간값 4 (범위: $1{\sim}4$)${\rightarrow}1\;(0{\sim}4)$) 역시 술 전에 비해 술 후 통계학적으로 의미 있게 향상되었다 (p=0.004, p<0.001). 양방향성 상대정맥-폐동맥 단락술과 보존적 수술간의 비교에서는 수술 전 우심실 압력(33.0 vs 41.3 mmHg), 중환자실 기간(2.86 vs 1.89일), 입원기간(10.6 vs 16.8일), 그리고 수술 후 좌심실 구축률(64.3 vs 72.8%)이 통계적으로 의미 있는 차이를 보였다. 술 후 조기사망이 3명(6%)의 환자에서 있었는데 2명은 양심실 부전, 나머지 1명은 패혈증으로 사망하였다. 평균 추적관찰 기간은 101.5개월이었으며 추적 조사 결과, 심장관련사망이 1명(폰탄 실패)이 있었고 6명의 환자에서 재수술을 요하였다(조직판막 퇴행성 변화(2), 폰탄 전환술(4)). 수술 후 10년 생존율은 90.2%였고, 10년 재수술 자유도는 78.9%, 심장관련 합병증의 자유도는 49.2%이었다. 걸론: 엡스타인 기형의 수술적 치료는 비교적 안전하게 시행될 수 있으며 양방향성 상대정맥-폐동맥 단락술의 추가가 고위험군에서는 도움이 되는 것으로 생각한다. 적절한 술기의 적응이 결국 장기 생존율의 호전과 재수술의 감소를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

Keywords

References

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