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Evaluation of Optimum Rice Heading Period under Recent Climatic Change in Yeongnam Area

기후 변화에 따른 영남지역의 벼 출수적기 평가

  • Kim, Choon-Song (Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Jae-Saeng (Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Ko, Jee-Yeon (Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Yun, Eul-Soo (Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Yeo, Un-Sang (Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Jong-Hee (Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Kwak, Do-Yeon (Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Shin, Mun-Sik (Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Oh, Byeong-Geun (Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA)
  • 김춘송 (농촌진흥청 작물과학원 영남농업연구소) ;
  • 이재생 (농촌진흥청 작물과학원 영남농업연구소) ;
  • 고지연 (농촌진흥청 작물과학원 영남농업연구소) ;
  • 윤을수 (농촌진흥청 작물과학원 영남농업연구소) ;
  • 여운상 (농촌진흥청 작물과학원 영남농업연구소) ;
  • 이종희 (농촌진흥청 작물과학원 영남농업연구소) ;
  • 곽도연 (농촌진흥청 작물과학원 영남농업연구소) ;
  • 신문식 (농촌진흥청 작물과학원 영남농업연구소) ;
  • 오병근 (농촌진흥청 작물과학원 영남농업연구소)
  • Published : 2007.03.31

Abstract

This study was conducted to analyze the optimum heading period according to the recent climatic change for improvement of rice yield and grain quality in the Yeongnam area. We analyzed climatic elements including daily mean air temperature, daily range of air temperature, sunshine hours, and amount of precipitation from 1996 to 2005 in comparison with those of the 1971 to 2000 normal. Daily mean air temperature and amount of precipitation in the recent 10 years increased, but daily range of air temperature and sunshine hours decreased in comparison with the norm. Also, monthly mean air temperature was lowered remarkably in July and August. The monthly amount of precipitation largely increased in August and September. The daily range of air temperature and sunshine hours were greatly decreased from August to October, Possible cultivation periods for rice in the recent 10 years ranged from 171 days in Boughwa to 228 days in Busan and was expanded about $1{\sim}13$ days in comparison with the normal. Optimum heading date by local regions for the maximum climatic yield potential was estimated as July 31 at Bonghwa to September 7 at Busan, Masan, and Tongyeong in the recent 10 years. There was a wide difference in optimum heading date according to local legions of the Yeongnam area. Compared to the normal, optimum heading date in the recent 10 years was delayed about I~8 days in most local regions except Bonghwa, Mungyeong, and Yeongdeok. These results suggested that it is necessary to develop late maturity rice cultivars for producing high yield and quality rice grain due to the recent climatic change. Moreover, it is still more important to select the most suitable cultivation period appropriate to the changed climate of each local region in Yeongnam area.

영남지역의 농업기후변화 양상을 살펴보고 기후변화에 대응하여 벼 재배의 안전성과 품질향상을 위한 기초 자료를 얻고자 영남지역 22개 기상대 및 기상관측소의 최근 10년($1996{\sim}2005$년) 기후값을 평년($1971{\sim}2000$년)과 비교하고 지역별 벼 생육 가능기간과 최적 출수기를 산정하였다. 영남지역의 최근 기후는 평년에 비하여 평균기온과 강수량은 상승하였으나 기온일교차와 일조시간은 감소하는 특징을 보였는데, 특히 $7{\sim}8$월의 기온은 오히려 낮아졌고, $8{\sim}9$월의 강수량이 현저히 증가하였으며, 기온 일교차와 일조시간은 $8{\sim}10$월에 걸쳐 크게 감소하는 경향이었다. 최근 10년의 벼 생육가능기간은 봉화의 171일부터 부산의 228일까지 매우 넓고 다양하였으며, 평년에 비하여 $1{\sim}13$일 정도 늘어났다. 고품질 쌀 생산을 위한 적정 출수기간은 평년과 비교하여 최근에 $1{\sim}3$일 정도 늘어났으며, 최대 기후등 숙량을 기준으로 추정한 최근 10년의 최적 출수기는 봉화의 7월 31일에서 부산, 마산, 통영의 9월 7일로 지역에 따라 차이가 심하였다. 봉화와 문경, 영덕을 제외한 최근 10년의 지역별 출수 최적일은 평년과 비교하여 거제와 마산, 안동, 의성에서는 변화가 없었고, 대부분의 지역에서 $1{\sim}8$일 정도 늦어진 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과는 기후변화로 인하여 영남지역에서도 고품질 쌀 생산을 위한 지역별 벼 재배적기와 적정 출수기의 재설정이 필요하며, 특히 중만생종 벼 품종 육성 시 기후변화를 감안하여 출수기를 현재보다 늦출 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

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  2. Agro-climate changes over Northeast Asia in RCP scenarios simulated by WRF vol.36, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4423
  3. Potential Changes in the Distribution of Seven Agricultural Indicator Plant Species in Response to Climate Change at Agroecosystem in South Korea. vol.51, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2018.51.3.221