Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

The Korean Pediatric Society (대한소아청소년과학회)
권호 표지

Allergic rhinitis, sinusitis and asthma - evidence for respiratory system integration -

알레르기비염 및 부비동염과 천식의 연관성

  • Kim, Hyun Hee (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
  • 김현희 (가톨릭대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실)
  • Received : 2007.03.02
  • Accepted : 2007.03.10
  • Published : 2007.04.15
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The link between upper airway disease (allergic rhinitis and sinusitis) and lower airway disease (asthma) has long been of interest to physicians. Many epidemiological and pharmacological studies have provided a better understanding of pathophysiologic interrelationship between allergic rhinitis and asthma. The vast majority of patients with asthma have allergic rhinitis, and rhinitis is a major independent risk factor for asthma in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. The association between sinusitis and asthma has long been appreciated. Through the recent evidences, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and asthma may not be considered as different diseases but rather as the expression in different parts of the respiratory tract of same pathological process in nature. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the relationship between asthma and upper airway diseases, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely discovered. The implications for the one-airway hypothesis are important not only academically but also clinically for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Keywords

References

  1. Grossman J. One airway, one disease. Chest 1997;11:11S-16S
  2. Smith JM. Epidemiology and natural history of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis (eczema), Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF, Adkinson NF Jr, Yunginger JW, editors. Allergy Principles and Practice. St Louis, CV Mosby, 1988; 891-929
  3. ISAAC Steering committee. Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema: ISAAC. Lancet 1998;351:1225-332 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(97)07302-9
  4. Kapsali T, Horowitz E, Diemer F, Togias A. Rhinitis is ubiquitous in allergic asthmatics. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;99:S138
  5. Settipane RJ, Hagy GW, Settipane GA. Long-term risk factors for developing asthma and allergic rhinitis: a 23- year follow-up study of college students. Allergy Proc 1994;15:21-5 https://doi.org/10.2500/108854194778816634
  6. Togia AG. Systemic immunologic and inflammatory aspects of allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:S247-50 https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2000.108312
  7. Leynaert B, Neukvich F, Demoly P, Bousquet J. Epidemiologic evidence for asthma and rhinitis comorbidity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:S201-5 https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2000.108604
  8. Bresciani M, Paradis L, DesRoches A. Rhinosinusitis in severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;107:73-80 https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2001.111593
  9. ten Brinke A, Grootendorst DC, Schmidt JT. Chronic sinusitis in severe asthma is related to spectrum eosinophilia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:621-6 https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2002.122458
  10. Borish L. Sinusitis and asthma: entering realm of evidencebased medicine. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:606-8 https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2002.123024
  11. Kaufman J, Wright GW. The effect of nasal and nasopharyngeal irritation on airway resistance in man. Am Rev Respir Dis 1969;100:626-30
  12. Ozcan M, Ortaponuk H, Naldoken S. Pulmonary aspiration of nasal secretions in patients with chronic sinusitis and asthma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;129:1006-9 https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.129.9.1006
  13. Griffin MP, McFadden ER, Ingram RH. Airway cooling in asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects during nasal and oral breathing. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1982;69:354-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(82)90145-2
  14. Denburg JA, Sehmi R, Saito H. Systemic aspects of allergic disease: bone marrow response. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:S242-6 https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2000.110156
  15. Greisner WA III, Settipane RJ, Settipane GA. Co-existence of asthma and allergic rhinitis: A 23-year follow-up study of college students. Allergy Asthma Proc 1998;19:185-8 https://doi.org/10.2500/108854198778557836
  16. Simons FER. Allergic rhinobronchitis: The asthma-allergic rhinitis link. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:534-40 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70320-9
  17. Devalia JL, Bayram H, Ruszna C. Mechanism of pollutioninduced airway disease: in vitro studies in the upper and lower airways. Allergy 1997;52:45-51
  18. Kay AB. Concepts of allergy and hypersensitivity. In Kay AB, ed. Allergy and Allergic Disease. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd., 1997:23-35
  19. Ramsdale EH, Morris MM, Roberts RS, Hargreave FE. Asymptomatic bronchial hyperresponsiveness in rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1985;75:573-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(85)90032-6
  20. Bucca C, Rolla J, Brussino L. Are asthma-like symptoms due to bronchial or extrathoracic airway dysfunction? Lancet 1995;346:791-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91617-2
  21. Welsh PW, Stricker WE, Chu CP. Efficacy of beclomethasone nasal solution, flunisolide and cromolyn in relieving symptoms of ragweed allergy. Mayo Clin Proc 1987;62:125-34
  22. Jarjour NN, Gern JE, Kelly EA, Swenson CA, Dick CR, Busse WW. The effect of an experimental rhinoirus 16 infection on bronchial lavage neutrophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:1169-77 https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2000.106376
  23. Denburg J, Sehmi R, Saito H, Jeong PS, Inman MD, O'byrne PM. Systemic aspects of allergic disease: Bone marrow response. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:S242-6 https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2000.110156
  24. Adams RJ, Fuhlbrigge AL, Finkelstein JA, Weiss S. Intranasal steroids and the risk of emergency department visits for asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:636-42 https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2002.123237
  25. Crystal-Peters J, Neslusan C, Crown WH, Torres A. Treating allergic rhinitis in patients with comorbid asthma: The risk of asthma-related hospitalizations and emergency department visits. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:57-62 https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2002.120554
  26. Moller C, Dreborg S, Ferdousi HA, Halken S, Host A, Jacobson L et al. Pollen immunotherapy reduces the development of asthma in children with seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis( the PAT-Study). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:251-6 https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2002.121317
  27. Rschelofsky G, Katz RM, Siegel SC. Chronic sinus disease with associated reactive airway disease in children. Pediatrics 1984;73:526-9
  28. Friedman R, Ackerman M, Wald E. Athma and bacterial sinusitis in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1984;74:185-94 https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(84)90284-7
  29. Palmer JN, Conley DB, Dong RG. Efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery in the management of patients with asthma and chronic sinusitis. Am J Rhinol 2001;15:49-53 https://doi.org/10.2500/105065801781329400
  30. Ikeda K, Tanno N, Tomura G. Endoscopic sinus surgery improves pulmonary function in patients with asthma associated with chronic sinusitis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1999;108:355-9 https://doi.org/10.1177/000348949910800407