DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seasonal Changes in Voluntary Intake and Digestibility by Sheep Grazing Introduced Leymus chinensis Pasture

  • Sun, H.X. (Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University) ;
  • Zhou, D.W. (Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University)
  • Received : 2006.09.15
  • Accepted : 2007.01.16
  • Published : 2007.06.01

Abstract

A study was conducted to investigate the seasonal changes in nutrient composition of pasture, voluntary intake and digestibility of sheep grazing an introduced Leymus chinensis pasture located in western Jilin Province, China. The whole-plant of L. chinensis and the samples simulating ingestion by sheep (simulating sample) were collected in spring (May, 2004), summer (July, 2004), autumn (September, 2004) and the end of winter (April, 2005). The contents of gross energy (GE), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and alkanes were determined. Voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of the nutrients in each season were also examined using 6 mature Chinese Northeast Merino ewes (differed among the seasons) grazing on a paddock of 1 ha size. The apparent digestibilities of GE, dry matter (DM), OM, CP, NDF and ADF of L. chinensis were significantly greater (p<0.05) in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. Metabolizable energy (ME) content was 12.13, 11.62, 8.66 and 10.40 MJ/kg DM for L. chinensis in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively, and the corresponding voluntary feed intakes were 91, 119, 59 and 58 g/d per kg metabolic weight ($LW^{0.75}$). The ME contents and DM intakes in autumn and winter were significantly lower than in spring and summer (p<0.05). The intake of L. chinensis pasture was sufficient to provide ME requirements for maintenance by the dry ewes in all the seasons, but inadequate for maintenance protein requirement in winter. (Supported by funds from National Basic Research Program of China, Grant No. 2007CB106800).

Keywords

References

  1. Akin, D. E., E. L. Robinson, F. E. Barton and D. S. Himmelsbach. 1977. Changes with maturity in anatomy, histochemistry, chemistry and tissue digestibility of bermudagrass plant parts. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 25:179-186. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60209a034
  2. Allden, W. G. and I. A. McD. Whittaker. 1970. The determinations of herbage intake by grazing sheep: The interrelationships of factors influencing herbage intake and availability. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 21:755-766. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR9700755
  3. AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
  4. ARC. 1980. The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, UK.
  5. ARC. 1984. The Nutrient requirements of Ruminant Livestock. Technical Review by an Agricultural Research Council Working Party. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, UK.
  6. Ballard, R. A., R. J. Simpson and G. R. Pearce. 1990. Losses of the digestibility components of annual ryegrass (lolium rigidum Gaudin) during senescence. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 41:719-731. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR9900719
  7. Chen, M., ZH. Li and S. J. Pu. 1988 The observation and research on reproductive characteristics of Aneurolepidium chinensis. Res. Grassland Ecosyst. 2:193-208.
  8. Coleman, S. W., H. Lippke and M. Gill. 1999. Estimating the nutritive potential of forages. In: Nutritional Ecology of Herbivores (Ed. H. G. Jung and G. C. Fahey). Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. Savoy, IL, USA. pp. 647-695.
  9. Coleman, S. W. and D. A. Henry. 2002. Nutritive value of Herbage. In: Sheep Nutrition (Ed. M. Freer and H. Dove). CABI Publishing. pp. 1-22.
  10. Ding, Y. CH., F. Tian and Q. L. Guo. 1999. Resources and utilization of leymus chinensis in Hei Longjiang province. Heilongjiang Anim. Sci. Vet. Med. 8:18-20.
  11. Dove, H. and R. W. Mayes. 1991. The use of plant wax alkanes as markers substances in studies of the nutrition of herbivores: a review. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 42:913-952. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR9910913
  12. Egan, A. R. 1977. Nutritional status and intake regulation in sheep. VIII. Relationships between voluntary intake of herbage by sheep and the protein/energy ratio in the digestion products. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 28:907-915. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR9770907
  13. Feng, Z. C., D. Ao, D. R. Zhang, G. F. Zhao, X. Wang and Z. G. Wang. 1997. Evaluation grazing intake and maintenance energy requirement in summer for Chinese Merino sheep. Inner Mongolian J. Anim. Sci. Prod. Suppl: 217-220.
  14. Ford, C. Z., I. M. Morrison and J. R. Wilson. 1979. Temperature effects on lignin,hemicellulose and cellulose in tropical and temperate grasses. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 30:621-633. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR9790621
  15. Henry, D. A., R. J. Simpson and R. H. Macmilan. 2000. Seasonal changes and the effect of temperature and leaf moisture content on intrinsic shear strength of leaves of pasture grasses. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 51:823-831. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR98085
  16. Huang, Z. H., J. M. Zhu, X. J. Mu and J. X. Lin. 2002. Advances on the mechanism of low sexual reproductivity of Leymus chinensis. Grassland China. 24:55-60.
  17. Kempton, T. J. 1979. Protein to energy ratio of absorbed nutrients in relation to wool growth. In: Physiological and Environmental Limitations to Wool Growth. (Ed. J. L. Black and P. J. Rees). University of New England Publishing Unit: Armidale, N.S.W. pp. 209-222.
  18. Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and Its Neighboring Regions. Kodansha, Tokyo. pp. 48-50.
  19. Li, B., S. P. Yong and Z. H. Li. 1988. The vegetation of Xilin river basin and its utilization. Ecosystem. 3rd ed. Science Press, Beijing. pp. 84-183.
  20. Lou, Y. J., K. P. Wang, W. G. Cheng and J. ZH. Wang. 2006. Evaluation of Nutritional Value for Leymus chinensis cv. Jisheng. Chinese J. Anim. Sci. 42:48-49.
  21. Mayes, R. W., C. S. Lamb and P. M. Colgrove. 1986. The use of dosed and herbage n-alkanes as markers for the determination of herbage intake. J. Agric. Sci. Cambridge. 107:161-170. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600066910
  22. Minson, D. J. and M. N. McLeod. 1970. The digestibility of temperate and tropical grasses. Proc. XI Int. Grassl. Congr. Surfers Paradise, Qld. pp. 719-722.
  23. Minson, D. J. 1990. Forage in Ruminant Nutrition. Academic Press, Sydney. p. 483.
  24. National Research Council. 1981. Nutritional Energetics of Domestic Animal and Glossary of Energy Terms. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
  25. National Research Council. 1985. Nutrient Requirements of Sheep. 6th Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
  26. O'Regain, P. J. and J. Schwartz. 1995. Dietary selection and foraging strategies of animals on rangeland-Coping with spatial and temporal variability. In: Recent Developments in the Nutrition of Herbivores (Ed. M. Journet, E. Grenet, M. H. Farce, M. Theriez and C. Demarquilly). INRA editions, Paris. pp. 407-423.
  27. Penning, P. D., A. J. Parsons, R. T. Orr and T. T. Treacher. 1991. Intake and behaviour responses by sheep to changes in sward characteristics under continuous stocking. Grass Forage Sci. 46:15-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1991.tb02204.x
  28. Poppi, D. P., T. P. Hughes and P. J. L'Huillier. 1987. Intake of pasture by grazing ruminants-livestock feeding on pasture. New Zealand Soc. Anim. Prod. 10:21-39.
  29. Premaratne, S., J. P. Fontenot and R. K. Shanklin. 2005. Use of n-alkanes to estimate intake and digestibility by beef steers. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 18(11):1564-1568. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.1564
  30. SCA. 1990. Feeding standards for Australian livestock. Ruminants. Standing Committee on Agriculture and CSIRO, Melbourne. p. 266.
  31. Sunagawa, K., T. Ooshiro, N. Nakamura, Y. Ishii, I. Nagamine and A. Shinjo. 2007. Physiological factors depressing feed intake and saliva secretion in goats fed on dry forage. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 20(1):60-69.
  32. Tilley, J. M. and R. A. Terry. 1963. A two stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. J. Br. Grassl. Soc. 18:104-111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1963.tb00335.x
  33. Weston, R. H. 1996. Some aspects of constraint to forage consumption by ruminants. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 47:175-197. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR9960175
  34. Weston, R. H. 2002. Constraints on feed intake by sheep. In: Sheep Nutrition (Ed. M. Freer and H .Dove). CABI Publishing. pp. 27-46.
  35. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
  36. Wang, G. P., Y. J. Lou, G. W. Chen and J. ZH. Wang. 2005. Study on the dynamic variation rule of nutritive substance for Leymus chinensis cv.Jisheng, Pratacult. Sci. 8(22):24-27.
  37. Wang, R. Z. and E. A. Ripley. 1997. Effects of grazing on a Leymus chinensis grassland on the Songnen plain of northeastern China. J. Arid Envirn. 36:307-318. https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.1996.0214
  38. Xiao, X. M., Y. F. Wang, S. Jiang, D. S. Ojima and C. D. Bonham. 1995. Interannual variation in the climate and above-ground biomass of Leymus chinensis steppe and Stipa grandis steppe in the Xilin river basin, Inner Mongolia, China. J. Arid Environ. 31:283-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-1963(05)80033-3
  39. Zai, J. K., S. H. Wang, G. J. Song and W. Zhen. 1994. Report on digestibility of leymus chinensis hay. Heilongjiang Anim. Sci. Vet. Med. 4:12-13.
  40. Zhang, J. K., D. X. Lu, L. R. Li, Q. H. Zhou, M. Hu, W. Y. Niu, X. P. Ren and R. Na. 2004. Evaluation of forage fibre quality and modeling of sheep DMI. Heilongjiang Anim. Sci. Vet. Med. 3:8-10.
  41. Zhao, J., G. M. Zheng, H. D. Wang and J. L. Xu. 1990. The Natural History of China. McGraw-Hill Ryerson, Toronto. p. 224.

Cited by

  1. Evaluation of yield and chemical composition of a halophyte (Suaeda glauca) and its feeding value for lambs vol.67, pp.2, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00831.x
  2. Seasonal Variations in Voluntary Intake and Apparent Digestibility of Forages in Goats Grazing on Introduced <i>Leymus chinensis</i> Pasture vol.27, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2013.13626
  3. Estimation of forage intake of grazing sheep using lignin method during autumn and the following spring in a forest-steppe zone in Mongolia vol.86, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.2508/chikusan.86.201
  4. Seasonal variability of palatability and nutrient intake in different age groups of range sheep pp.1744-4179, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2019.1566992
  5. Analysis of Nutrient Composition, Rumen Degradation Characteristics, and Feeding Value of Chinese Rye Grass, Barley Grass, and Naked Oat Straw vol.11, pp.9, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11092486