Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

The Korean Pediatric Society (대한소아청소년과학회)
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Etiological agents isolated from blood in children with hemato-oncologic disease (2002-2005)

소아 혈액 종양 환자에서 발생한 균혈증의 원인균(2002-2005년)

  • Kim, So-Hee (Departments of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Young-Ah (Departments of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Eun, Byung-Wook (Departments of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Nam-Hee (Departments of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Jin-A (Departments of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kang, Hyoung Jin (Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Choi, Eun-Hwa (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Shin, Hee Young (Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Hoan-Jong (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Ahn, Hyo Seop (Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
  • 김소희 (서울대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 이영아 (서울대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 은병욱 (서울대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 김남희 (서울대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 이진아 (서울대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 강형진 (서울대학교 의과대학 암연구소) ;
  • 최은화 (서울대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 신희영 (서울대학교 의과대학 암연구소) ;
  • 이환종 (서울대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 안효섭 (서울대학교 의과대학 암연구소)
  • Received : 2006.10.30
  • Accepted : 2006.12.15
  • Published : 2007.01.15
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Abstract

Purpose : This study was performed to identify the etiologic agents and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of organisms responsible for bloodstream infections in pediatric cancer patients for guidance in empiric antimicrobial therapy. Methods : One hundred and ninety-seven episodes of bloodstream infections that developed in 128 pediatric cancer patients were analyzed, which were identified at the Seoul National University Children's Hospital during a 4 year-period from 2002 to 2005. Results : A total of 214 pathogens was isolated, of which 64.0 percent were gram-negative, 31.3 percent were gram-positive bacteria, and 4.7 percent were fungi. The most common pathogens were Klebsiella spp. (21 percent) and Escherichia coli (16.8 percent), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS, 7.9 percent) and viridans streptococci (7.5 percent) emerged as important pathogens. Neutropenic patients were more often associated with gram-negative bacteria than non-neutropenic patients (67.5 percent vs. 51.1%, P=0.018) and patients with central venous catheters were more often associated with CNS and viridans streptococci than those without. Resistance rates of gram-positive bacteria to penicillin, oxacillin and vancomycin were 83.3 percent, 48.5 percent and 0.5 percent, respectively, and those of gram-negative bacteria to cefotaxime, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, gentamicin and amikacin were 24.1 percent, 17.2 percent, 6.6 percent, 21.6 percent, and 14.2 percent, respectively. Gram-negative bacteremias were more often associated with intensive care than gram-positive bacteremias (26.5 percent vs. 10.3 percent, P=0.016), and patients with catheters were more often associated with intensive care (34.4 percent vs. 10.8 percent, P<0.001) and higher fatality rate (16.7 percent vs. 4.8 percent, P=0.012) than those without. Conclusion : This study revealed that gram-negative bacteria are still a dominant organism in bloodstream infections, especially in neutropenic patients, and confirmed that gram-positive bacteria are emerging as important etiological agents in bloodstream infections of pediatric hemato-oncologic patients.

목 적 : 소아 종양 환자에서 발열이 있는 경우, 즉각적인 경험적 항생제 치료가 필요하기 때문에, 지역이나 병원 내에서 발생한 균혈증의 흔한 원인균과 항생제 감수성에 대한 최근 경향에 대한 정보가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 4년간 소아 종양 환자에서 분리된 균혈증의 원인균 분포와 이들의 항생제 감수성에 대하여 분석하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2002년 1월부터 2005년 12월까지 서울대학교 어린이병원 소아 종양 환자 128명 환아에서 발생한 197례의 균혈증과 이들에서 분리된 214균주에 대하여 분석하였다. 결 과 : 총 214균주 중 그람음성균이 64.0%, 그람양성균이 31.3%였으며 진균은 4.7%이었다. 균혈증을 일으킨 가장 흔한 균은 Klebsiella species(21%)와 E. coli(16.8%)였으며, CNS와 viridans streptococci도 7.9%와 7.5%로 분리율이 높았다. 호중구 감소증이 있는 환자군에서 그람음성균이 차지하는 비율이 감소증이 없는 환자군에 비해 높았고(67.5% vs. 51.1%, P=0.018), 균혈증 발생 당시 중심 정맥관을 가진 경우에 CNS(12.7% vs. 2.1%, P=0.004)와 viridans streptococci(11.0% vs. 3.1%, P=0.036)가 차지하는 비율이 더 높았다. 항생제 감수성 검사에서 그람양성균에서는 penicillin, oxacillin 및 vancomycin 내성률이 각각 83.3%, 48.5% 및 0.5%였으며, 그람음성균에서는 cefotaxime, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, gentamicin 및 amikacin 내성률이 24.1%, 17.2%. 6.6%, 21.6% 및 14.2%이었다. 균혈증의 경과를 알 수 있었던 179례 중 42례(23.5%)가 중환자실 치료를 받았으며, 20례(11.2%)가 사망하였으며, 그람 음성균 감염의 경우 그람 양성균 감염에 비해 중환자실 치료율이 높았으며(26.5% vs. 10.3%, P=0.016), 중심 정맥관을 가진 경우에 중환자실 치료 빈도(34.4% vs. 10.8%, P<0.001)와 사망률(16.7 % vs. 4.8%, P=0.012)이 높았다. 결 론 : 최근 4년간 소아 종양 환자에서의 균혈증 분석 결과, 아직 그람음성균이 차지하는 빈도가 높으며 특히 호중구 감소증이 동반되었을 때 그람음성균에 대한 적절한 치료가 우선 시행되어야 하겠다. 하지만 그람양성균이 차지하는 비율이 증가하고 있는 것도 경험적 항생제 결정시 고려하여야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 서울대학교병원

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