디젤 연소물질에 노출된 광산 근로자에서 소변 중 1-hydroxypyrene을 이용한 생물학적 모니터링

Biological monitoring of miners exposed to diesel exhaust using urinary 1-hydroxypyrene

  • 이종성 (산재의료관리원 직업성폐질환연구소) ;
  • 최병순 (산재의료관리원 직업성폐질환연구소) ;
  • 신재훈 (산재의료관리원 직업성폐질환연구소) ;
  • 신용철 (인제대학교 보건안전공학과) ;
  • 김기웅 (한국산업안전공단 산업안전보건연구원)
  • Lee, Jong Seong (Center for Occupational Lung Diseases, Workers Accident Medical Corporation) ;
  • Choi, Byung-Soon (Center for Occupational Lung Diseases, Workers Accident Medical Corporation) ;
  • Shin, Jae-Hoon (Center for Occupational Lung Diseases, Workers Accident Medical Corporation) ;
  • Shin, Yong Chul (Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, Inje University) ;
  • Kim, Ki-Woong (Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency)
  • 투고 : 2007.03.13
  • 심사 : 2007.06.18
  • 발행 : 2007.06.30

초록

Diesel vehicles are a significant source of fine carbon particle emissions including polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) is firmly established as a useful biomarker of PAHs uptake in human. To investigate the exposure effect of PAHs in miners according to using diesel truck which was for transportation of ore, we measured urinary 1-OHP as the PAHs exposure biomarker, and analyzed the relationship between urinary 1-OHP concentration and using diesel truck. The study was performed on 118 workers (56 miners in factories using diesel truck, 62 miners in factories non-using diesel truck) and 21 controls. Urine samples were obtained at the end of shift on the survey day. There was no significance in comparison with the mean concentrations on urinary 1-OHP by age, BMI, work duration, smoking, drinking and ventilation type. But significant difference were found among urinary 1-OHP concentrations on factories according to using diesel truck (p=0.000). The urinary 1-OHP mean concentration on underground miners using diesel truck ($0.54{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine) was higher than those of surface miners using diesel truck ($0.33{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine, p=0.028), underground miners non-using diesel truck ($0.32{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine, p=0.001) and controls ($0.22{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine, p=0.000). In comparison with using status diesel truck, the urinary 1-OHP mean concentration of underground miners using diesel trucks was higher than those of other mine status. The study results would be beneficial to future environmental and biological studies of PAHs exposure to diesel exhaust in mines.

키워드

과제정보

연구 과제 주관 기관 : 산업안전보건연구원

참고문헌

  1. 권은혜, 이용학, 오정룡, 최정근, 이동환. 코크스오븐 작업자 들의 코크스오븐 배출물 및 다핵방향족탄화수소 노출 에관한연구. 한국산업위생학회지 2000;10(2):53-67
  2. 김헌, 임현술, 강종원, 이호익, 김용대. 직업과 생활습관, 그리 고 CYP1, GST1 유전자 다형성이 요 중 1-hydroxypyrene과 2-naphthol 농도에 미치는 영향. 대한산업의학회지 1999;11(4):546-556
  3. 노동부. 화학물질 및 물리적인자의 노출기준. 고시 제 2002-8 호; 2002
  4. 이송권, 남철현, 노병의, 이영세, 조기홍. 요 중 1-OH-pyrene을 이용한 PAH환경 근로자들의 노출평가 및 위생조치에 의한 총 노출량 감소효과. 한국산업위생학회지 1997;7(2):264-278
  5. 이종성a, 김은아, 이용학, 문덕환, 김광종. 작업장 공기 중 다 핵방향족탄화수소류 노출 근로자에서 요 중 1- hydroxypyrene을 이용한 생물학적 모니터링. 한국산업위생학회지 2005;15(2):124-134
  6. 이종성b, 김은아, 이용학, 문덕환, 김광종. 작업장 공기 중 다 핵방향족탄화수소류 노출과 근로자에서 요 중 8- hydroxydeoxyguanosine의 관련성. J Exp Biomed Sci 2005;11:143-152
  7. 장재연, 김박광, 정용, 조성준. 서울시 대기중 다핵방향족 탄 화수소류의 분리 및 동정. 한국대기보전학회지 1988;4(2):47-56
  8. Boffetta P, Jourenkova N, Custavsson P. Cancer risk from occupational and environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Cancer Causes Control 1997;8:444- 472 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018465507029
  9. Boogard PJ and Sittert NJV. Exopsure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in petrochmical industries by measurement of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene. Occup Environ Med 1994;51:250- 258 https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.51.4.250
  10. Bouchard M, Thuot R, Carrier G, Viau C. Urinary excretion kinetics of 1-hydroxypyrene in rats subchronically exposed to pyrene or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2002;65(16):1195-1209 https://doi.org/10.1080/152873902760125408
  11. Brzeznicki S, Jakubowski M, Czerski B. Elimination of 1- hydroxypyrene after human volunteer exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1997;70(4):257-260 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004200050216
  12. Buchet JP, Gennart JP, Mercado-Calderon F, Delavignette JP, Cupers L et al. Evaluation of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a coke production and a graphite electrode manufacturing plant: assessment of urinary excretion of 1- hydroxypyrene as a biological indicator of exposure. Br J Ind Med 1992;49(11):761-768
  13. Burgaz S, Borm PJ, Jongeneelen FJ. Evaluation of urinary excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene and thioethers in workers exposed to bitumen fumes. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1992;63(6):397-401 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00386935
  14. Caraballo RS, Giovino GA, Pechacek TF, and Mowery PD. Factors associated with discrepancies between self-reported on cigarette smoking and measured serum cotinine levels among persons aged 17 years or older. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153(8):807-814 https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/153.8.807
  15. Ferreira JMF, Tas S, dell'Omo M, Goormans G, Buchet JP et al. Determinants of benzo(a)pyrenediol epoxide adducts to haemoglobin in workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Occup Environ Med 1994;51(7):451-455 https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.51.7.451
  16. Hattemer FHA and Trevis CC. Benzo-a-pyrene. Environmental partitioning and human exposure. Toxicol Ind Health 1991;7:141-157 https://doi.org/10.1177/074823379100700303
  17. Hoffmann D and Hoffmann I. The changing cigarette, 1950-1995. J toxicology and environmental health 1997;50:307-364
  18. Hummelen PV. Biological markers in PAH exposed workers and controls. Mutat Res 1993;300:231-239 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1218(93)90055-I
  19. IARC. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans. Polynuclear aromatic compounds. Part I Vol 32;1983
  20. IARC. Diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and some nitroarenes. Monograph vol. 46. Lyon: IARC;1989
  21. Jongeneelen FJ, Anzion RB, Henderson PT. Determination of hydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine. J Chromatogr 1987;413:227-232 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4347(87)80230-X
  22. Jongeneelen FJ. Airborne concentration, skin contamination, and urinary metabolite excretion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among paving workers exposed to coal tar derieved road tars. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1988;49(12):600-607 https://doi.org/10.1080/15298668891380312
  23. Jongeneelen FJ, Anzion RB, Scheepers PT, Bos RP, Henderson PT et al. 1-Hydroxypyrene in urine as a biological indicator of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in several work environments. Ann Occup Hyg 1988;32(1):35-43 https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/32.1.35
  24. Jongeneelen FJ, van Leeuwen FE, Oosterink S, Anzion RBM, Loop FVDL et al. Ambient and biological monitoring of cokeoven workers: determinants of the internal dose of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Br J Ind Med 1990;47:454-461
  25. Jongeneelen FJ. Biological exposure limit for occupational exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles at cokeovens. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1992;63:511-516 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00386338
  26. Kanoh T, Fukuda M, Onozuka H, Kinouchi T, Ohnishi Y. Urinary 1- hydroxypyrene as a marker of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environment. Environ Res 1993;62(2):230- 241 https://doi.org/10.1006/enrs.1993.1108
  27. Kim H, Kim YD, Lee H, Kawamoto T, Yang M et al. Assay of 2- naphthol in human urine by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 1999;734:211- 217 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(99)00350-3
  28. Kuusimaki L, Peltonen Y, Mutanen P, Peltonen K, Savela K. Urinary hydroxy-metabolites of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene as markers of exposure to diesel exhaust. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2004;77(1):23-30 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-003-0477-y
  29. Kwack SJ and Lee BM. Correlation between DNA or protein adducts and benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide I-triglyceride adduct detected in vitro and in vivo. Carcinogenesis 2000;21(4):629- 632 https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/21.4.629
  30. Li D, Walcott FL, Chang P, Zhang W, Zhu J et al. Genetic and environmental determinants on tissue response to in vitro carcinogen exposure and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Research 2002;62(16):4566-4570
  31. Lu PL, Chen ML, Mao IF. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels in workers exposed to coke oven emissions at various locations in a coke oven plant. Arch Environ Health 2002;57(3):255-261 https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890209602945
  32. Nielsen PS, Andreassen A, Farmer PB, Ovrebo S, Autrup H. Biomonitoring of diesel exhaust-exposed workers. DNA and hemoglobin adducts and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene as markers of exposure. Toxicol Lett 1996;86(1):27-37 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(96)83963-4
  33. Ny ET, Heederik D, Kromhout H, Jongeneelen F. The relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air and in urine of workers in a Soderberg potroom. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1993;54(6):277-284 https://doi.org/10.1080/15298669391354685
  34. Pastorelli R, Guanci M, Restano J, Berri A, Micoli G et al. Seasonal effect on airborne pyrene, urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, and benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide-hemoglobin adducts in the general population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1999;8(6):561- 565
  35. Ruzgyte A, Bouchard M, Viau C. Comparison of the urinary excretion time courses of pyrene-1,6-dione, pyrene-1,8-dione and 1-hydroxypyrene in rats intravenously exposed to pyrene. Biomarkers 2006;11(5):417-427 https://doi.org/10.1080/13547500600733622
  36. Scheepers PTJ and Bos RP. Combustion of diesel fuel from a toxicological perspective: I. origin of incomplete combustion products. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1992;64:149-161 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00380904
  37. Schuetzle D. Sampling of vehicle emissions for chemical analysis and biological testing. Environ Health Perspect 1983;47:65-80 https://doi.org/10.2307/3429500
  38. Scherer G, Frank S, Riedel K, Meger KI, Renner T et al. Biomonitoring of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of non occupationally exposed persons. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000;9:373-380
  39. Shugart L. Quantitating exposure to chemical carcinogens: in vivo alkylation of hemoglobin by benzo(a)pyrene. Toxicology 1985;34:211-220 https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(85)90172-6
  40. Wattana S and Wittayalertpanya S. Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure from automobile exhaust fumes using urinary 1-hydroxypyrene level as an index. J Med Assoc Thai 2004;87(2):233-238
  41. Weistein, IB. In host factors in human carcinogenesis, Armstron, B, and Bartsch, H., eds. IARC Sci. Publ. Lyon 1982;39:9-24