Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
권호 표지

Seasonal Dynamics of Fish Fauna and Compositions in the Gap Stream Along With Conventional Water Quality

  • Lee, Jae-Hoon (School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • An, Kwang-Guk (School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University)
  • Published : 2007.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purposes of the study were to analyze the seasonal effects on the fish fauna and compositions including trophic guilds and tolerance guilds. For the study, we collected fish samples twice in June as premonsoon period and early September 2007 as monsoon periods in five sampling sites of the Gap Stream, and then biological oxygen demand (BOD), nutrients (TN, TP) and suspended solids (SS) were compared with the guild data along the gradient of upstream-to-downstream. Chemical water quality, based on BOD, TP, and TN degraded gradually from the upstream to downstream reach and there were about 3 fold difference between S1 and S5. Water quality was worse in the premonsoon than the monsoon, and the heavy monsoon resulted in a dilution of the polluted river by rain water, especially, in the downstream reach. Total number of fish species, based on the catch per unit effort (CPUE), showed a distinct difference between the two seasons; 30 species were sampled in premonsoon, but 23 species were sampled in the monsoon, indicating a seasonal difference in the fish fauna. Tolerant species dominated the fish community (48.3%) in the stream, and the proportions prior to physical disturbance by the monsoon rain were evidently greater in the downstream reach than the upstream. This reflected the characteristics of urban stream polluted by nutrient enrichment as shown in the BOD and TP values. Sensitive species in the premonsoon decreased from the gradient of upstream-to-downstream reach. Such seasonal modifications in the trophic and tolerance guilds were evident. In the analysis of trophic guild and habitat guild, during the premonsoon the proportion of insectivore and riffle-benthic species were largely greater in the upstream reach than the downstream, whereas the proportions were opposite along the gradient of the stream in monsoon. Thus, the patterns of chemical water quality along the longitudinal gradients reflected the premonsoon conditions of insectivores and tolerant species, indicating that summer monsoon data of fish may not match with water quality due to large physical disturbance by flow regime. Seasonal monsoon in this region as well as the chemical pollution may act as a key role influencing the fish compositions of trophic and tolerance guilds and fauna. The data collected during the premonsoon rather than the monsoon, thus, may be better predictor for a diagnosis of stream health conditions.

Keywords

References

  1. An, K.G. 2003. Spatial and temporal variabilities of nutrient limitation based on in situ experiments of nutrient enrichment bioassay. Journal of Env. Sci. & Health part A 38: 687-882
  2. An, K.G. and S.S. Park. 2002. Indirect influence of the summer monsoon on chlorophyll-total phosphorus models in reservoirs: a case study. Ecoligical Modelling 152: 191-203 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00020-0
  3. An, K.G., D.H. Yeom and S.K. Lee. 2001. Rapid bioassessments of Kap stream using the Index of Biological Integrity. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 19(4): 261-269
  4. An, K.G., D.H. Yeom, S.K. Lee and Y.H. Kim. 2003. Ecological health assessment of a small stream using a multi-metric approach of the Index of Bio-logical Integrity (IBI) based on natural fish assemblage. J. of KSEE. spring academic symposium. p. 548-552
  5. An, K.G., J.Y. Lee and H.N. Jang. 2005a. Ecological health assessments and water quality patterns in Youdeung Stream. Korean. J. Limnol. 38(3): 341-351
  6. An, K.G., J.Y. Lee, D.Y. Bae, J.H. Kim, S.J. Hwang, D.H. Won, J.K. Lee and C.S. Kim. 2006. Ecological assessments of aquatic environment using multi-metric model in major nationwide stream watersheds. J. Korean Water Quality 22(5): 796-804
  7. An, K.G., S.J. Hwang, D.Y. Bae, J.Y. Lee and J.H. Kim. 2005b. Introduction of an electrofishing technique for assessments of fish assemblages to Korean watersheds. Korean. J. Limnol. 38(4):482-493
  8. Bae, D.Y. and K.G. An. 2006. Stream ecosystem assessments, based on a biological multimetric parameter model and water chemistry analysis. Korean J. Limnol. 39(2): 198-208
  9. Baek, H.M. and H.B. Song. 2005. Habitat selection and environmental characters of Achenilognathus signifer. Korean J. Limnol. 38(3): 352-360
  10. Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, B.D. Snyder and J.B. Stribling. 1999. Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and wadeable rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish, Second Edition. EPA 841-B-99-002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Office of Water; Washington, D.C
  11. Harris, J.H. 1995. The use of fish in ecological assessment. Aust. J. Ecol. 20: 65-80 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1995.tb00523.x
  12. Hong, Y.P. 1994. Natural environmental standard program: freshwater fish. Daejeon city, p. 1-17
  13. Hwang, S.J., N.Y. Kim, D.H. Won, K.G. An, J.K. Lee and C.S. Kim. 2006. Biological assessment of water quality by using epilithic diatoms in major river systems (Geum, Youngsan, Seomjin River), Korea. J. Korean Water Quality 22(5): 784-795
  14. Jung, Y.H., C.S. Yi, H.S. Kim and M.P. Shim. 2005. Estimation of needed discharge considering frequency based low flow in Gabcheon basin. J. KSCE 25(2): 97-105
  15. Kim, I.S. and J.Y. Park. 2002. Freshwater fish of korea. Kyo-Hak Publishing Co., Ltd., Korea
  16. Kim, J.H., J.W. Seo, Y.E. Na and K.G. An. 2007. Ecological health assessments on turbidwater in the downstream after a construction of Yongdam dam. Korean J. Limnol. 40(1): 130-142
  17. Kim, Y.W., S.K. Lee, K. Kim, D.H. Yeom, S.Y. Jung, S.E. You, K.R. Kim, K.H. Jung, J.H. Kim, I.Y. Whang, H.S. Lee and S.M. Yeon. 2001. Development of forecasting system for ecological risk. National Institute of Environmental Research & Environmental Technology Center, Seoul, Korea. p. 311-322
  18. Koizumi, N. and Y. Matsumiya. 1997. Assessment of stream fish habitat based on Index of Biotic Integrity. Bull. Jap. Soc. Oceanogr. 61: 144-156
  19. Kovacs, T.G., P.H. Martel and R.H. Voss. 2002. Assessing the biological status of fish in a river receiving pulp and paper mill effluents. Environ. Pollut. 118(1): 123-140 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00205-6
  20. Lee, C.L. 2001. Original articles: ichthyofauna and fish community from the Gap Stream water system, Korea. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 19(4): 292-301
  21. Lee, H.J., H.J. Kim, H.J. Oh, K.J. Cho, J.G. Kim and J.H. Jung. 2007. Assessment of heavy metal contamination and biological toxicity of minnig drainages and sediments from abandoned mines. J. Korean Water Quality 23(2): 287-293
  22. MEK (Ministry of Environment, Korea). 2000. Environmetal Statistics Almanac. Vol. 13. 623p
  23. Nam, M.M. 1996. Present status of Korean freshwater fish. '96 Symposium of Korean S. Limnol. Proceeding. p. 31-45
  24. Oberdorrff, T. and R.M. Hughes. 1992. Modification of an index of biotic integrity based on fish assemblages to characterize rivers of the Seine Basin, France. Hydrobiologia 228: 117-130 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006200
  25. Ohio EPA. 1989. Biological criteria for the protection of aquatic life. Vol. III, Standardized biological field sampling and laboratory method for assessing fish and macroinvertebrate communities. U.S.A
  26. US EPA. 1991. Technical support document for water quality-based toxic control. EPA 505-2-90-001. US EPA, Office of Water, Washington D.C., USA
  27. Won, D.H., Y.C. Jun, S.J. Kwon, S.J. Hwang, K.G. An and J.K. Lee. 2006. Development of Konan Saprobic Index using benthic macroinvertebrates and its application to biological stream environment assessment. J. Korean Water Quality 22(5): 768-783
  28. Yeom, D.H. and S.M. Adams. 2007. Assessing effects of stress across levels of biological organization using an aquatic ecosystem health index. Ecotoxi. Env. Safety 67(2): 286-295 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.07.006