A Case of Postoperative Herpes Simplex Pneumonia

  • Lee, Tae-One (Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University) ;
  • Hwang, Hyung-Sik (Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University) ;
  • Moon, Seung-Myung (Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University) ;
  • Choi, Sun-Kil (Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University)
  • Published : 2007.03.30

Abstract

Herpes simplex virus [HSV] esophagitis is a rare disease and most of cases are reported in the immunocompromised patients. We report a case of fatal HSV infection started from herpes labialis and esophagitis. She had initially suffered from perioral ulcer, esophagitis, and interstitial pneumonitis later and eventually died of respiratory insufficiency one month later after the aneurysmal surgery. She did not have any immunocompromised medical history and also had no evidence of herpes encephalitis in laboratory study and magnetic resonance image [MRI]. With the availability of effective agents for the treatment of HSV infection, early recognition of HSV esophagitis is important because it may be clinically confused with Cushing ulcer and may be complicated with a fatal pneumonitis.

Keywords

References

  1. Calore EE : Herpes simplex type 2 pneumonia. Braz J Infect Dis 6 : 305- 308, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-86702002000600006
  2. Depew WT, Prentice RS, Beck IT, Blakeman JM, DaCosta LR : Herpes simplex ulcerative esophagitis in a healthy subject. Am J Gastroenterol 68 : 381-385, 1977
  3. Elliott SY, Kerns FT, Kitchen LW : Herpes esophagitis in immunocompetent adults : report of two cases and review of the literature. W V Med J 89 : 188-190, 1993
  4. Fishbein PG, Tuthill R, Kressel H, Friedman H, Snape WJ Jr : Herpes simplex esophagitis : a cause of upper-gastrointestinal bleeding. Dig Dis Sci 24 : 540-544, 1979 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01489323
  5. Genereau T, Rozenberg F, Bouchaud O, Marche C, Lortholary O : Herpes esophagitis : a comprehensive review. Clin Microbiol Infect 3 : 397-407, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.1997.tb00275.x
  6. Graman PS, Hall CB : Epidemiology and control of nosocomial viral infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am 3 : 815-841, 1989
  7. Hanley PJ, Conaway MM, Halstead DC, Rhodes LV, Reed J : Nosocomial herpes simplex virus infection associated with oral endotracheal intubation. Am J Infect Control 21 : 310-316, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1016/0196-6553(93)90388-K
  8. Hull HF, Blumhagen JD, Benjamin D, Corey L : Herpes simplex viral pneumonitis in childhood. J Pediatr 104 : 211-215, 1984 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(84)80994-4
  9. Itoh T, Takahashi T, Kusaka K, Kawaura K, Nakagawa Y, Yamakawa J, et al : Herpes simplex esophagitis from 1307 autopsy cases. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 18 : 1407-1411, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1746.2003.03166.x
  10. Johnson HN : Visceral lesions associated with varicella. Arch Pathol 30 : 292, 1940
  11. Kato S, Yamamoto R, Yoshimitsu S, Shimazaki K, Ogawa S, Itoh K, et al : Herpes simplex esophagitis in the immunocompetent host. Dis Esophagus 18 : 340-344, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2050.2005.00510.x
  12. Levine MS, Laufer I, Kressel HY, Friedman HM : Herpes esophagitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 136 : 863-866, 1981 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.136.5.863
  13. Morgan HR, Finland M : Isolation of herpes virus from a case of atypical pneumonia and erythema multiforme exudativum : with studies of four additional cases. Am J Med Sci 217 : 92-95, 1949 https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-194901000-00011
  14. Nash G, Ross JS : Herpetic esophagitis. A common cause of esophageal ulceration. Hum Pathol 5 : 339-345, 1974 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0046-8177(74)80116-4
  15. Pamuk ON, Pamuk GE, Celik AF, Ozturk R, Aktuglu Y : Herpes simplex virus esophagitis in an immunocompetent host with sepsis. Am J Gastroenterol 96 : 2264-2266, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03979.x
  16. Ramsey PG, Fife KH, Hackman RC, Meyers JD, Corey L : Herpes simplex virus pneumonia : clinical, virologic, and pathologic features in 20 patients. Ann Intern Med 97 : 813-820, 1982 https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-6-813
  17. Rodrigues F, Brandao N, Duque V, Ribeiro C, Antonio AM : Herpes simplex virus esophagitis in immunocompetent children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 39 : 560-563, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005176-200411000-00022
  18. Rosen P, Hajdu SI : Visceral herpes virus infections in patients with cancer. Am J Clin Pathol 56 : 459-465, 1971 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/56.4.459
  19. Schuller D : Lower respiratory tract reactivation of herpes simplex virus. Comparison of immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. Chest 106 : 3S-7S; discussion 34S-35S, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.106.1_Supplement.34S
  20. Sherman RA, Silva J Jr, Gandour-Edwards R : Fatal varicella in an adult : case report and review of the gastrointestinal complications of chickenpox. Rev Infect Dis 13 : 424-427, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/13.3.424
  21. Stulhofer M : 'Stress' ulcer-acute ulcerous and erosive lesions in the gastroduodenal mucosa. Acta Chir Iugosl Suppl 2 27 : 95-101, 1980
  22. Yeung-Yue KA, Brentjens MH, Lee PC, Tyring SK : Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2. Dermatol Clin 20 : 249-266, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0733-8635(01)00003-1