한국양식학회지 (Journal of Aquaculture)

한국양식학회 (The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science)
권호 표지

양식산 뱀장어 Anguilla japonica에 있어서 인공성성숙시기와 번식률과의 상관관계

Correlationship between Artificial Maturation Season and Reproduction Coefficient in the Cultured Eel Anguilla japonica

  • 배준영 (국립수산과학원 양식연구본부 양식관리팀) ;
  • 김대중 (국립수산과학원 양식연구본부 양식관리팀) ;
  • 이정의 (국립수산과학원 양식연구본부 양식관리팀) ;
  • 손상규 (국립수산과학원 양식연구본부 양식관리팀) ;
  • 이종관 (국립수산과학원 양식연구본부 양식관리팀)
  • 발행 : 2007.12.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 연구는 양식산 뱀장어 Anguilla japonica의 인위적인 성성숙 처리시기와 번식률과의 상호 관련성을 확인하기 위해 5월(봄)부터 익년 1월(겨울)까지 각 계절별로 수행되었다. 실험어의 인공 성성숙 유도를 위해 암컷($400{\sim}600\;g$) 뱀장어에 salmon pituitary extraction (SPE, 20 mg/fish/week)를 매주 복강에 주사하여 인위적인 성성숙을 유도하였다. 호르몬 처리 $8{\sim}13$주 이후 대부분의 개체들은 난황형성이 완료되었고, $17{\alpha}$, $20{\beta}-dihydroxyprogesteron$ (DHP, $2\;{\mu}g/g$ body weight)를 주사하여 배란을 유도하였다. 수컷 뱀장어($200{\sim}350\;g$)는 human chronic gonadotropin (HCG, 1 IU/g body weight/week)을 매주 복강에 주사하여 정자형성 및 배정을 유도하였고, 이후 상기의 개체들에 대해 자연산란에 의한 수정 및 인공수정을 병행하였다. 배란율, 부상률, 수정률 및 부화율을 포함한 계절별 번식률에 있어서 봄과 여름($5{\sim}7$월)에 인공성성숙을 유도한 실험구가 다른 계절에 비해 높았다. 산란수와 부화 유생수 및 부화유생의 생존일수는 번식률과 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 본 연구결과, 양식산 뱀장어에 있어서 호르몬 처리에 의한 인공성성숙유도의 시기는 자연계에서 주산란시기인 봄과 여름철이 적합함을 나타내고 있다. 따라서, 양식산 뱀장어의 적절한 인공성성숙시기는 배란율, 부상률, 수정률 및 부화율을 포함한 번식률에 의해 결정할 수 있다.

This study investigated the correlationship between artificial maturation season and reproduction coefficient of cultured eel Anguilla japonica from May (spring) to next January (winter). The brood stock, female eels ($400{\sim}600\;g$) were artificially matured by weekly intramuscular injections of salmon pituitary extracts (SPE, 20 mg/fish) to induce a completion of vitellogenesis. After completion of vitellogenesis, final oocyte maturation and ovulation was induced by injection of $17{\alpha}$, $20{\beta}-dihydroxyprogesterone$ (DHP) at about $2\;{\mu}g/g$ body weight. Most fish ovulated $15{\sim}18\;h$ following the DHP injection. The ovulated fish were induced to natural spawning or artificial fertilization by the dry method. Males ($200{\sim}350\;g$) were received weekly intramuscular injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) at a dosage of 1 IU/g body weight to induce testicular maturation and spermiation. Seasonal reproduction coefficient which includes the rate of ovulation, buoyancy, fertilization and hatching of eggs in the artificially matured eel during spring to summer ($May{\sim}July$) were significantly higher than the other season, while there were no significant difference among spring and summer (P<0.05). Furthermore, the number of eggs spawned and larvae hatched in the artificially maturated eel during spring to summer ($May{\sim}July$) were significantly higher than the other season, while there were no significant difference in spring and summer (P<0.05). These results indicate that artificial maturation by hormone treatment of A. japonica was successful only during spring to summer, which is the maturation period in the wild stock in nature. Consequently, it is possible to determine the period of artificially induced sexual maturity by the reproduction coefficient which includes the rate of ovulation, buoyancy, fertilization and hatching of eggs in the cultured eel A. japonica.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Adachi, S., S. Ijiri, Y. Kazeto and K. Yamauchi, 2003. Oogenesis in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. (in) K. Aida, K. Tsukamoto and K. Yamauchi(eds.), Eel Biology. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, pp. 301-329
  2. Asano, H., Y. Kubo and H. Hayashi, 1997. Location and numbers of oil globules in unfertilized and fertilized eggs, and larvae in the preleptocephalic stage in the order Anguilliformes. Mem. Fac. Agr. Kinki Univ., 30, 19-31
  3. Aoyama, J., S. Ishikawa, T. Otake, N. Mochioka, Y. Suzuki, S. Watanabe, A. Shinoda, J. Inoue, P.M. Lokman, T. Inagaki, M. Oya, H. Hasumoto, K. Kubokawa, T.W. Lee, H. Fricke and K. Tsukamoto, 2001. Molecular approach to species identification of eggs with respect to determination of the spawning site of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Fish. Sci., 67, 761-763 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1444-2906.2001.00288.x
  4. Bae, J. Y., K. M. Han, G. J. Park and S. C. Bai, 2004. Studies on requirements of opitmum dietary essential fatty acids in juvenile eel, Anguilla japonica. J. Aquacult., 17(4), 275-281
  5. Carrillo, M., N. Bromage, S. Zanuy, R. Serrano and F. Prat, 1989. The effect of modifications in photoperiod on spawning time, ovarian development and egg quality in the sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Aquaculture, 81, 351-365 https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(89)90159-2
  6. Furuita, H., H. Tanaka, T. Yamamoto, M. Shiraishi and T. Takeuchi, 2000. Effects of n-3 HUFA levels in broodstock diet on the reproductive performance and egg and larval quality of the Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Aquaculture, 187, 387-398 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00319-7
  7. Furuita, H., H. Tanaka, T. Yamamoto, N. Suzuki and T. Takeuchi, 2002. Effect of high levels of n-3 HUFA in broodstock diet on egg quality and egg fatty acid composition of the Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Aquaculture, 210, 323-333 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00855-9
  8. Fyhn, H. J., 1990. Energy production in marine fish larvae with emphasis on free amino acids as a potential fuel. (in) J. Mellinger (ed.), Nutrition in Wild and Domestic Animals. Karger, Basel, pp. 176-192
  9. Han, K. M., J. Y. Bae, O. E. Okorie, S. H. Go, J. H. Yoo and S. C. Bai, 2005. Evaluation of the optimum dietary protein to energy ratio of juvenile eel, Anguilla japonica. J. Aquacult., 18(3), 135-141
  10. Horie, N., T. Utoh, Y. Yamada, A. Okamura and H. Zhang, 2002. Development of embryos and larvae in the common Japanese conger Conger myriaster. Fish. Sci., 68, 972-983 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1444-2906.2002.00521.x
  11. Ijiri, S., Y. Kazeto, N. Takeda, H. Chiba, S. Adachi and K. Yamauchi, 1995. Changes in serum steroid hormones and steroidogenic ability of ovarian follicles during artificial maturation of cultivated Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Aquaculture, 135, 3-16 https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(96)81292-0
  12. Ishikawa, S., K. Suzuki, T. Inagaki, S. Watanabe, Y. Kimura, A. Okamura, T. Otake, N. Mochioka, Y. Suzuki, H. Hasumoto, M. Oya, M.J. Miller, T.W. Lee, H. Fericke and K. Tsukamoto, 2001. Spawning time and place of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica in the North Equatorial Current of the western North Pacific Ocean. Fish. Sci., 67, 1097-1103 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1444-2906.2001.00366.x
  13. Jeon, M. J., K. M. Han, J. Y. Bae, J. H. Yoo, K. A. Lee and S. C. Bai, 2003a. Serum steroid hormone level and hematological characteristics of one year cultured eels, Anguilla japonica based on total length and sex. J. Aquacult., 16(4), 267-272
  14. Jeon, M. J., K. M. Han, J. H. Yoo, K. A. Lee and S. C. Bai, 2003b. Nutritional properities of body composition based on captured location and size in wild eels, Anguilla japonica. J. Aquacult., 16(4), 273-278
  15. Kagawa, H., H. Tanaka, H. Ohta, K. Okuzawa and K. Hirose, 1995. In vitro effect of $17{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$ and $17{alpha}$, $20{\beta}$‚-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one on final maturation of oocytes at various developmental stages in artificially matured Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. Fish. Sci., 61, 1012-1015 https://doi.org/10.2331/fishsci.61.1012
  16. Kagawa, H., N. Iinuma, H. Tanaka, H. Ohta and K. Okuzawa, 1997. Effects of rearing period in seawater on induced maturation in female Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. Fish. Sci., 64, 77-82
  17. Kalujnaia, S., I. S. McWilliam, V. A. Zaguinaiko, A. L. Feilen, J. Nicholson, N. Hazan, C. P. Cutler, R. J. Balment, A. R. Cossins, M. Hughes and G. Cramb, 2007. Salinity adaptation and gene profiling analysis in the European eel Anguilla anguilla using microarray technology. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., in press
  18. Kim, D. J., E. H. Kim, M. W. Park, Y. C. Cho and S. G. Lim, 2006a. Plasma sex steroid hormone profiles in artificially maturing wild eel, Anguilla japonica. J. Aquacult., 19(4), 267- 274
  19. Kim, E. O., J. Y. Bae, S. G. Lim, M. H. Son, M. W. Park, M. S. Park, Y. C. Cho and D. J. Kim, 2006b. Plasma sex steroid hormone profiles and testicular development in artificially maturing cultured male eel, Anguilla japonica. J. Kor. Fish. Soc., 39(6), 466-471 https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2006.39.6.466
  20. Kim, D. J., E. J. Kang, J. Y. Bae, M. W. Park and E. O. Kim, 2007. Development of the eggs and pre-leptocephalus larvae by natural spawning of artificially matured Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. J. Aquacult., 20(3), 160-167
  21. Kondo, S., M. Yoshioka and M. Kashiwagi, 2001. Changes in specific gravity and osmolarity of eggs of Japanese whiting, Sillago japonica during the embryonic development. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 67, 743-744 https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.67.743
  22. Kumar, T. R., Y. Wang, N. Lu and M. M. Matzuk, 1997. Follicle stimulating hormone is required for ovarian follicle maturation but not male fertility. Nat. Genet., 15, 201-204 https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0297-201
  23. Ma, X., Y. Dong, M. M. Matzuk and T. R. Kumar, 2004. Targeted disruption of luteinizing hormone ${\beta}$-subunit leads to hypogonadism, defects in gonadal steroidogenesis, and infertility. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 101, 17294-17299
  24. Mushiake, K., K. Kawano, W. Sakamoto and I. Hasegawa, 1994. Effects of extended daylength on ovarian maturation and HCG induced spawning in yellowtail fed moist pellets. Fish. Sci., 60, 647-651 https://doi.org/10.2331/fishsci.60.647
  25. Nagahama, Y. and K. Yamamoto, 1973. Cytological changes in the adenohypophysis of fresh-water cultivated male Japanese eels, Anguilla japonica induced to maturation by transfer to sea water and Synahorin injection. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 39, 585-594 https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.39.585
  26. Okorie, O. E., Y. C. Kim, S. H. Lee, J. Y. Bae, J. H. Yoo, K. M. Han and S. C. Bai, 2007. Reevaluation of the dietary protein requirements and optimum dietary protein to energy ratios in Japanese Eel, Anguilla japonica. J. World Aquacult., 38(3), 418-426 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2007.00113.x
  27. Ohta, H., H. Kagawa, H. Tanaka, K. Okuzawa and K. Hirose, 1996. Changes in fertilization and hatching rates with time after ovulation induced by $17<\Alpha>, 20{\Beta}$‚-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3- one in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Aquaculture, 139, 191-301
  28. Ohta, H., H. Kagawa, H. Tanaka, K. Okuzawa, N. Iinuma and K. Hirose, 1997. Artificial induction of maturation and fertilization in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Fish Physiol. Biochem., 17, 163-169 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007720600588
  29. Pedersen, B. H., 2004. Fertilisation of eggs, rate of embryonic development and hatching following induced maturation of the European eel Anguilla anguilla. Aquaculture, 237, 461-473 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.04.019
  30. Sato, N., I. Kawazoe, Y. Suzuki and K. Aida, 2006. Effects of temperature on vitellogenesis in Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. Fish. Sci., 72, 961-966 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-2906.2006.01244.x
  31. Satoh, H., N. Nakamura and T. Hibiya, 1962. Studies on the sexual maturation of the eel-I. On the sex differentiation and the maturing process of the gonads. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 28, 579-584 https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.28.579
  32. Sebert, M. E., A. Amerand, A. Vettier, F. A. Weltzien, C. Pasqualini, P. Sebert and S. Dufour, 2007. Effcts of high hydrostatic pressure on the pituitary-gonad axis in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 153, 289-298 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.01.009
  33. Seoka, M., S. Yamada, Y. Iwata, T. Yanagisawa, T. Nakagawa and H. Kumai, 2003. Differences in the biochemical content of buoyant and non-buoyant eggs of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Aquaculture, 216, 355-362 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00459-3
  34. Tanaka, H., H. Kagawa and H. Ohta, 2001. Production of leptocephali of Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica in captivity. Aquaculture, 201, 51-60 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00553-1
  35. Tanaka, H., H. Kagawa, H. Ohta, T. Unuma and K. Nomura, 2003. The first production of glass eel in captivity: fish reproductive physiology facilitates great progress in aquaculture. Fish Physiol. Biochem., 28, 493-497 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:FISH.0000030638.56031.ed
  36. Tsukamoto, K., 1990. Recruitment mechanism of the eel, Anguilla japonica to the Japanese coast. J. Fish. Biol., 36, 659-671 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb04320.x
  37. Tsukamoto, K., 2006. Spawning of eels near a seamount. Nature, 439, 929 https://doi.org/10.1038/439929a
  38. Umezawa, A., T. Otake, J. Hirokawa, K. Tsukamoto and M. Okiyama, 1991. Development of the eggs and larvae of the pike eel, Muraenesox cinereus. Jpn. J. Ichthyol., 38, 35-40
  39. Unuma, T., S. Kondo, H. Tanaka, H. Kagawa, K. Nomura and H. Ohta, 2005. Relationship between egg specific gravity and egg quality in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Aquaculture, 246, 493-500 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.01.011
  40. Van Ginneken, V., S. Dufour, M. Sbaihi, P. Balm, K. Noorlander, M. de Bakker, J. Doombos, A. Palstra, E. Antonissen, I. Mayer and G. van den Thillart, 2007. Does a 5500-km swim trial stimulate early sexual maturation in the European eel, (Anguilla anguilla). Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 147, 1095-1103 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.03.021
  41. Watanabe, T., A. Itoh, C. Kitajima and S. Fujita, 1984a. Effect of dietary protein levels on reproduction of red sea bream. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 50, 1015-1022 https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.50.1015
  42. Watanabe, T., A. Itoh, A. Murakami, Y. Tsukashima, C. Kitajima and S. Fujita, 1984b. Effect of nutritional quality of diets given to broodstock on the verge of spawning on reproduction of red sea bream. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 50, 1023-1028 https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.50.1023
  43. Yamamoto, K. and K. Yamauchi, 1974. Sexual maturation of Japanese eel and production of eel larvae in the aquarium. Nature, 251, 220-221 https://doi.org/10.1038/251220a0
  44. Yamamoto, K., K. Yamauchi and S. Kasuga, 1975a. On the development of Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 41(1), 21-28 https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.41.21
  45. Yoshikawa, M., 1995. Relationships between gonadal maturity and body weight or age, and seasonal change of them in cultivated Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Bull. Shizuoka Perf. Fish. Exp. Stn., 30, 23-27
  46. 加治俊二, 西 明文, 足立純一, 2004. 陸上水槽で養成しているハ モの成熟狀況の季節變化. 栽培漁業センタ-技報, 1, 16-18