Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology

The Korean Society of Environmental Health and Toxicology (환경독성보건학회)
권호 표지

Effects of 4-Nonylphenol on the Induction of Plasma Vitellogenin (VTG), Alkaline-Labile Protein Phosphorus (ALPP), Calcium (Ca), Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT) and Hepatosomatic Index (HSI) in the Immature Rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli

4-NP가 미성숙 조피볼락, Sebastes schlegeli의 혈장 VTG, ALPP, Ca, GPT 및 HSI에 미치는 영향

  • Hwang, Un-Ki (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research Institute & Development Institute) ;
  • An, Kyoung-Ho (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research Institute & Development Institute) ;
  • Jin, Hyoun-Kook (East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research Institutue & Development Institute) ;
  • Park, Seung-Youn (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research Institute & Development Institute) ;
  • Kim, Pyoung-Joong (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research Institute & Development Institute) ;
  • Lee, Seung-Min (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research Institute & Development Institute)
  • 황운기 (국립수산과학원 서해수산연구소) ;
  • 안경호 (국립수산과학원 서해수산연구소) ;
  • 진현국 (국립수산과학원 동해수산연구소) ;
  • 박승윤 (국립수산과학원 서해수산연구소) ;
  • 김평중 (국립수산과학원 서해수산연구소) ;
  • 이승민 (국립수산과학원 서해수산연구소)
  • Published : 2007.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

4-nonylphenol (4-NP)이 해산어류인 조피볼락, Sebastes schlegeli의 혈장 vitellogenin (VTG), alkaline-labile protein phosphorus (ALPP), calcium(Ca), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) 및 hepatosomatic index (HSI)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험어에 3일간격으로 $estradiol-17{\beta}$ ($E_2$, 5 mg/kg B.W.) 또는 4-NP(0, 10, 50, 100및 200 mg/kg B.W.)을 복강에 2번 주사한 후, 7일째에 채혈과 적출을 통해 혈장과 간장을 수집해 분석이 실시되었다. 대조 실험어에는 용매로 사용된 70% 에탄올만이 투여되었다. $E_2$ 투여 실험어의 혈장 단백질을 전기 영동상으로 분석한 결과 약 170 kDa의 위치에서 짙은 VTG 밴드가 관찰되었으나, 용매만 투여한 대조 실험어의 혈장에서는 동일 밴드가 관찰되지 않았다. 4-NP 투여한 모든 실험어의 혈장 단백질에서는 $E_2$ 투여 실험어와 동일한 VTG 밴드가 관찰되었다. 혈장 ALPP와 Ca 농도도 4-NP 투여 실험어에서 $E_2$ 투여 실험어와 유사하게 증가하였으며, 이들 농도 변화는 VTG 합성과 더불어 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 혈장 전위효소인 GPT와 HSI도 $E_2$ 투여 실험어와 유사하게 4-NP가 투여된 모든 실험어에서 급격히 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 연안생태계 내에서 서식하는 어류가 4-NP과 같은 내분비 장애물질(Endocrine Disrupting compounds, EDCs)에 의해 영향을 받는지를 규명하기 위한 생물학적 지표로서 VTG와 더불어 혈장 ALPP와 Ca이 사용가능 할 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 조피볼락과 같은 해산어가 EDCs에 노출되어 VTG가 합성될 때 간장 기능의 손상으로 혈장 전위효소인 GPT가 일시적으로 종가하고 간장도 비대해져 HSI가 높아지는 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bjornsson BT and Haux C. Distribution of calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphate in plasma of estradiol-17$\beta$ treated rainbow trout, J Comp Physiol B 1985; 155: 347-352 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00687477
  2. Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive methods of the quantitation of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding, Analy Biochem 1976; 72: 248-254 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
  3. Christiansen LB, Pedersen KL, Korsgaad B and Bjerregaard P. Estrogenicity of xenobiotics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using in vivo synthesis of vitellogenin as a biomarker, Mar Environ Res 1998; 46: 137-140 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-1136(97)00047-0
  4. Christensen LJ, Korsgaard Band Bjerregaard P. The effect of 4-nonylphenol on the synthesis of vitellogenin in the flounder Platichthys flesus, Aquat Toxicol 1999; 46: 211-219 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(98)00129-5
  5. Emmersen J, Korsgaard B and Petersen IM. Dose-response kinetics of serum vitellogenin, liver DNA, RNA, protein and lipid after induction by estradiol-17$\beta$ in male flounders (Platichthys flesus), Comp Biochem Physiol 1979; 63B: 1-6
  6. Hwang UG and Kang JC. Changes of plasma vitellogenin (VTG) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in the immature rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli exposed to exogenous estrogen, J. Environ Toxicol 2002; 17(3): 239 -243
  7. Hwang UG and Kang JC. Effects of bisphenol-A on vitellogenin synthesis and estrogen-estrogen receptor binding activity in the primary culture of hepatocytes in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, J Fish Sci Tech 2002; 5(4): 251-257 https://doi.org/10.5657/fas.2002.5.4.251
  8. Hwang UG, Shim JM, Park SY, Jee JH and Kang JC. Temporal changes of plasma vitellogenin, alkaline-labile protein phosphorus, calcium, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and hepatosomatic index in the estradiol-17$\beta$, intraperitoneally injected immature rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, J Fish Pathol 2004; 17(3): 191-198
  9. Jobling S, Sheahan D, Osborne JA, Mathiessen P and Sumpter JP. Inhibition of testicular growth in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to estrogenic alkylphenolic chemicals, Environ Tox Chem 1996; 15(2): 194-202 https://doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(1996)015<0194:IOTGIR>2.3.CO;2
  10. Kendall RJ, Dickerson RL, Giesy JP and Suk WA. Principles and Processes for Evaluating Endocrine Disruptors in Wildlife. SETAC, Pensacola, FL, USA, 1998
  11. Kloas W, Lutz I.and Einspanier R. Amphibians as a model to study endocrine disruptors II. Estrogenic activity of environmental chemicals in vitro and in vivo, Sci Total Environ 1999; 225: 59-68 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)80017-5
  12. Kramer VJ, Miles-Richardson S, Pierens SL and Giesy JP. Reproductive impairment and induction of alkalinelabile phosphate, a biomarker of estrogen exposure, in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to waterborne 17$\beta$-estradiol, Aquat Toxicol 1998; 40: 335-360 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(97)00060-X
  13. Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4, Nature 1970; 227: 680-685 https://doi.org/10.1038/227680a0
  14. Nagler JJ, Ruby S, Idier DR and So YP. Serum phosphoprotein phosphorous and calcium levels as reproductive indicators of vitellogenin in highly vitellogenic mature female and estradiol-injected immature rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Can J Zool 1987; 65: 2421-2425 https://doi.org/10.1139/z87-365
  15. Nimrod AC and Benson WH. Environmental estrogenic effects of alkylphenol ethoxylates, Crit Rev Toxicol 1996; 26: 335-364 https://doi.org/10.3109/10408449609012527
  16. Parsons TR, Maita Y and Lalli CM. Determination of phosphate. In a manual of chemical and biological methods for seawater analysis, Pergamon Press, New York, 1984; 22-25
  17. Racicot JG, Gaudet M and Leray C. Blood and liver enzymes in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) with empha-sis on their diagnostic use: A study of $CCl_4$, toxicity and a case of Aeromonas infection, J Fish Biol 1975; 7: 725-835
  18. Smeets JMW, Rankouhi TR, Nichols KM, Komen H, Kaminski NE, Giesy, JP and van den Berg M. In vitro vitellogenin production by carp (Cyprinus carpio) hepatocytes as a screening method for determining (anti) estrogenic activity of xenobiotics, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1999; 157(1): 68-76 https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.1999.8663
  19. Tinsley D. A comparison of plasma levels of phosphoprotein, total protein and total calcium as indirect indices of exogenous vitellogenesis in the crucian carp Carrassius carassius, Comp Biochem Physiol 1985; 80B: 913-916
  20. Tyler CR, Jobling S and Sumpter JP. Endocrine disruption in wildlife: a critical review of the evidence, Crit Rev Toxicol 1998; 28: 319-361 https://doi.org/10.1080/10408449891344236
  21. Villeneuve DL, Villalobos SA, Keith TL, Snyder EM, Fitzgerald SD and Giesy JP. Effects of waterborne exposure to 4-nonyphenol on plasma sex steroid and vitellogenin concentrations in sexually mature male carp (Cyprinus carpio), Chemosphere 2002; 42: 917-922 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00196-X
  22. Wallace RA and Jared DW. Studies on amphibian yolk. VII. Serum phosphoprotein synthesis by vitellogenic females and estrogen-treated males of Xenopus laevis, Can J Biochem 1968; 46: 953-959 https://doi.org/10.1139/v68-157