References
- Aberle, H., Schwartz, H. and Kemler, R. (1996). Cadherincatenin complex: protein interactions and their implications for cadherin function. J. Cell Biochem., 61, 514-523 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19960616)61:4<514::AID-JCB4>3.0.CO;2-R
- Albrecht, C., Borm, P.J. and Unfried, K. (2004). Signal transduction pathways relevant for neoplastic effects of fibrous and non-fibrous particles. Mutat. Res., 553, 23-35 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.015
- Barone, F.E. and Tansey, M.R. (1977). Isolation, purification, identification, synthesis and kinetics of activity of the anticandidal component of Allium sativum and a hypothesis for its mode of action. Mycologia, 69, 713-825
- Bird, R.P. (1995). Role of aberrant crypt foci in understanding the pathogenesis of colon cancer. Cancer Lett., 93, 55-71 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(95)03788-X
- Block, E. (1992). The organosulfur chemistry of genus Alliumimplications for the organic chemistry of sulfur. Angw. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 31, 1135-1178 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.199211351
- Challier, B., Perarnau, J.M. and Viel, J.F. (1998). Garlic, onion and cereal fibre as protective factors for breast cancer: a French case-control study. Eur. J. Epidemiol., 14, 737- 747 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007512825851
- Chang, F., Syrjanen, S. and Syrjanen, K. (1995). Implications of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene in clinical oncology. J. Clin. Oncol., 13, 1009-1022 https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1995.13.4.1009
- Chung, J.G., Lu, H.F., Yeh, C.C., Cheng, K.C., Lin, S.S. and Lee, J.H. (2004). Inhibition of N-acetyltransferase activity and gene expression in human colon cancer cell lines by diallyl sulfide. Fd. Chem. Toxicol., 42, 195-202
- Corpet, D.E. and Tache. S. (2002). Most effective colon cancer chemopreventive agents in rats: a systematic review of aberrant crypt foci and tumor data, ranked by potency. Nutr. Cancer, 43, 1-21 https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327914NC431_1
- Dong, Z., Birrer, M.J., Watts. R.G., Matrisian, L.M. and Colburn, N.H. (1994). Blocking of tumor promoter-induced AP-1 activity inhibits induced transformation in JB6 mouse epidermal cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 91, 609-613
-
Druesne, N., Pagniez, A., Mayeur, C., Thomas, M., Cherbuy, C., Duee, P.H., Martel, P. and Chaumontet, C. (2004). Diallyl disulfide (DADS) increases histone acetylation and
$p21^waf1/cip1 $ expression in human colon tumor cell lines. Carcinogenesis, 25, 1227-1236 https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgh123 - El-Deiry, W.S., Tokino, T., Velculescu, V.E., Levy, D.B., Parsons, R., Trent, J.M., Lin, D., Mercer, W.E., Kinzler, K.W. and Vogelstein, B. (1993). WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression. Cell, 75, 817-825 https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(93)90500-P
-
Femia, A.P., Bendinelli, B., Giannini, A., Salvadori, M., Pinzani, P., Dolara, P. and Caderni, G. (2005). Mucin-depleted foci have
$\beta$ -catenin gene mutations, altered expression of its protein, and are dose- and time-dependent in the colon of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-treated rats. Int. J. Cancer, 116, 9-15 https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.20981 - Eferl, R. and Wagner, E.F. (2003). AP-1: a double edged sword in tumorigenesis. Nat. Rev. Cancer, 3, 859-868 https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1209
- Fleischauer, A.T. and Arab, L. (2001). Garlic and cancer: a critical review of epidemiologic literature. J. Nutr., 131, 1032S-1040S
- Fleischauer, A.T., Poole, C. and Arab, L. (2000). Garlic consumption and cancer prevention: meta-analyses of colorectal and stomach cancers. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 72, 1047- 1052 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/72.4.1047
- Grana, X. and Reddy, E.P. (1995). Cell cycle control in mammalian cells: role of cyclins, cyclin dependent kinase (CDKs), growth suppressor genes and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs). Oncogene, 11, 211-219
- Han, B.S., Kim, D.J., Ahn, B., Kim, K.S., Kang, J.S., Moon, J.Y., Hong, C.M. and Jang, D.D. (2001). Chemopreventive effects of chitosan on rat colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane. Kor. J. Vet. Pathol., 5, 29-34
- Hirose, Y., Kuno, T., Yamada, Y., Sakata, K., Katayama, M.,Yoshida, K., Qiao, Z., Hata, K., Yosyimi, N. and Mori, H. (2003). Azoxymethane-induced beta-catenin accumulated crypts in colonic mucosa of rodents as an intermediate biomarker for colon carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis, 24, 107-111 https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/24.1.107
- Hudson, E.A., Howells, L.M., Gallacher-Horley, B., Fox, L.H., Gescher, A. and Manson, M.M. (2003). Growth-inhibitory effects of the chemopreventive agent indole-3-carbinol are increased in combination with the polyamine putrescine in the SW480 colon tumour cell line. BMC Cancer, 3, 2-18 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-3-2
- Kim, D.J., Kang, J.S., Ahn, B., Kim, K.S., Park, K.H., Choi, K.S., Surh, Y.J. and Kim, N.D. (2001). Chemopreventive effect of 2-(allylthio)pyrazine (2-AP) on rat colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane (AOM). Cancer Lett., 166, 125-133 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(01)00408-6
- Kim, D.J., Shin, D.H., Ahn, B., Kang, J.S., Nam, K.T., Park, C.B., Kim, C.K., Hong, J.T., Kim, Y.B., Yun, Y.W., Jang, D.D. and Yang, K.H. (2003). Chemoprevention of colon cancer by Korean food plant components. Mutat. Res., 523/524, 99-107 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0027-5107(02)00325-1
- Kitagawa, M., Hatakeyama, S., Shirane, M., Matsumoto, M., Ishida, N., Hattori, K., Nakamichi, I., Kikuchi, A., Nakayama, K. and Nakayama, K. (1999). An F-box protein, FWD1, mediates ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of beta-catenin. EMBO J., 18, 2401-2410 https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/18.9.2401
- Klipstein-Grobusch, K., Kroke, A., Voss, S. and Boeing, H. (1998). Influence of lifestyle on the use of supplements in the Brandenburg nutrition and cancer study. Z. Ernahrungswiss, 37, 38-46 https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00007371
-
Korinek, V., Barker, N., Morin, P.J., Van, Wichen, D., Weger, R.D., Kinzler, K.W., Vogelstein, B. and Clevers, H. (1997). Constitutive transcriptional activation by a
$\beta$ -catenin-Tcf complex in APC-/- colon carcinoma. Science, 275, 1784- 1787 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5307.1784 - Kolligs, F.T., Nieman, M.T., Winer, I., Hu, G., Van, Mater, D., Feng, Y., Smith, I.M., Wu, R., Zhai, Y., Cho, K.R. and Fearon, E.R. (2002). ITF-2, a downstream target of the Wnt/TCF pathway, is activated in human cancers with beta-catenin defects and promotes neoplastic transformation. Cancer Cell, 1, 145-155 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1535-6108(02)00035-1
- Kweon, S.H., Park, K.A. and Choi, H.M. (2003). Chemopreventive effect of garlic powder diet in diethylnitrosamineinduced rat hepatocarcinogengesis. Life Sci., 73, 2515- 2526 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00660-X
- Kwon, S.K. (2003). Organosulfur compounds from Allium sativum and physiological activities. J. Appl. Pharmacol., 11, 8-32
-
Manna, S.K., Mukhopadhyay, A. and Aggarwal, B.B. (2000). Resveratrol suppresses TNF-induced activatin of nuclear transcription factors NF-
$\kappa$ B, Activator protein-1 and apoptosis: Potential role of reactive oxygen intermediates and lipid peroxidation. J. Immunol., 164, 6509-6519 https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.164.12.6509 -
Mori, H., Yamada, Y., Kuno, T. and Hirose, Y. (2004). Aberrant crypt foci and
$\beta$ -catenin accumulated crypts; significance and roles for colorectal carcinogenesis. Mutat. Res., 566, 191-208 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2003.08.002 - Morin, P.J. (1999). Beta-catenin signaling and cancer. Bioessays, 21, 1021-1030 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-1878(199912)22:1<1021::AID-BIES6>3.0.CO;2-P
-
Morin, P.J., Sparks, A.B., Korinek, V., Barker, N., Clevers, H.,Vogelstein, B. and Kinzler, K.W. (1997). Activation of
$\beta$ - catenin-Tcf signaling in colon cancer by mutations in$\beta$ - catenin or APC. Science, 275, 1787-1789 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5307.1787 - Ocker, M., Herold, C., Ganslmayer, M., Hahn, E.G. and Schuppan, D. (2003). The synthetic retinoid adapalene inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells in vitro. Int. J. Cancer, 107, 453-9 https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.11410
- O'Gara, E.A., Hill, D.J. and Maslin, D.J. (2000). Activities of garlic oil, garlic powder and their diallyl constituents against Helicobacter pylori. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 20, 14-18
- Oommen, S., Anto, R.J., Srinivas, G. and Karunagaran, D. (2004). Allicin (from garlic) induces caspase-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells. Euro. J. Pharmacol., 485, 97-103 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.11.059
- Stopera, S.A. and Bird, R.P. (1993). Immunohistochemical demonstration of mutant p53 tumour suppressor gene product in aberrant crypt foci. Cytobios, 73, 73-88
- Surh, Y.J. (2003). Cancer chemoprevention with dietary phytochemicals. Nature Rev., 3, 711-780
- Takahashi, M. and Wakabayashi, K. (2004). Gene mutations and altered gene expression in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rodents. Cancer Sci., 95, 475- 480 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03235.x
- Wong, N.A. and Pignatelli, M. (2002). Beta-catenin: a linchpin in colorectal carcinogenesis? Am. J. Pathol., 160, 389-401 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64856-0
- 통계청 (2004). 2003년 사망원인통계결과. http://www.nso.go.kr/