References
- D.-S. Seo, K. Muroi, and S. Kobayashi, 'Generation of pretilt angle in nematic liquid crystal, 5CB, media aligned polyimide films prepared by spin-coating and LB techniques: effects of rubbing', Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Vol. 213, p. 223, 1992
- B. O. Myrvold and K. Kondo, 'A population distribution model for the alignment of nematic liquid crystals', Liq. Cryst., Vol. 17, p. 437, 1994
- K. Sakamoto, R. Arafune, N. Ito, S. Ushioda, Y. Suzuki, and S. Morokawa, 'Molecular orientatin of rubbed and unrubbed polyimide films determined by polarized infrared absorption', Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 33, p. L1323, 1994
- R. Arafune, K. Sakamoto, S. Ushioda, S. Tanioka, and S. Murata, 'Importance of rubbing-induced inclination of polyimide backbone structures for determination of the pretilt angle of liquid crystals', Phys. Rev. E., Vol. 58, p. 5914, 1998
- D.-S. Seo, T. Oh-ide, and S. Kobayashi, 'Observation of the surface structure on as stacked and rubbed polyimide (PI)-LB films with an atomic force microscope and their anchoring capability for nematic liquid crystals', Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Vol. 214, p. 97, 1992
- D.-S. Seo, S. Kobayashi, D.-Y. Kang, and H. Yokoyama, 'Effects of rubbing and temperature dependence of polar anchoring strength of homogeneously aligned nematic liquid crystal on polyimide Langmuir-Blodgett orientation films', Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 34, p. 3607, 1995
- C.-J. Park, J.-Y. Hwang, H.-K. Kang, H.-J Ahn, J.-B. Kim, K.-C. Kim, H.-K. Baik, and D.-S. Seo, 'Liquid crystal alignment effects and electro optical performances of twisted nematic-liquid crystal display using ion-beam alignment method on nitrogen-doped diamond like carbon thin film layers', Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 44, p. 1352, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.44.1352
- D.-H. Kang, S.-H. Kim, B.-Y. Kim J.-Y. Kim, C.-H. Ok, Y.-H. Kim, J.-W. Han, J.-H. Kim, J.-Y. Hwang, B.-Y. Oh, J.-M. Han, S.-K. Lee, J.-W. Lee, B.-M. Moon, J.-H. Kim, and D.-S. Seo, 'Liquid crystal alignment effects for nematic liquid crystal on homeotropic polyimide surface using new ion-beam source', Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 46, p. 6601, 2007 https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.46.6601
- J.-M. Han, S.-H. Choi, B.-Y. Kim, J.-W. Han, J.-Y. Hwang, C.-H. Ok, and D.-S. Seo, 'Homeotropic alignment effects for nematic liquid crystal on the SiOx thin film layer by new ion beam exposure', Trans. EEM, Vol. 7, No. 6, p. 293, 2006 https://doi.org/10.4313/TEEM.2006.7.6.293