주류생산 부산물인 주박의 특성 규명 및 주박이 작물생육에 미치는 영향

Characteristics of Ju-Back and Effect of Ju-Back Fertilizer on Growth of Crop Plants

본인들은 주류생산 부산물인 주박을 이용한 친환경적인 비료를 개발하고자 한다. 본 시험에 사용된 주박에는 잔존 알코올함량이 평균 5-8%이며, 주요성분으로 6.04% 총질소량, 42.59% 총탄수화물량, 1.01% 유용 인산량, 73.42% 유기물량, 7.72% $K_2O$, 1.35% CaO와 0.53% MgO을 함유하고 있었다. 주박은 980 units/g의 ${\alpha}-amylase$, 300 units/g의 glucoamylase와 1,800 units/g의 산성 protease활성을 나타내어 비교적 높은 수준의 효소 활성을 나타내었다. 토양으로부터 분리한 미생물 중 항 진균활성이 우수한 근권세균인 Bacillus subtilis KMU-13을 분리, 생화학적 특성과 16s rDNA 분석에 의하여 Bacillus subtilis KMU-13으로 동정했다. 식물병원성 진균인 Botrytis cinerea KACC 40573, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum KACC 41065, Fusairum of oxysporum KACC 40052, Pythium aphanidermatum KACC 40156, Phytophthora capsici KACC 40476와 Glomerella cingulata KACC 40299에 대하여 높은 항 진균활성을 나타내었다. 시제품은 동결건조 주박을 직접 시제품으로 사용하는 시제품 1과 동결건조 주박 20%, 담체 70%, B. subtilis KMU-13의 배양액 9.7%, 미량원소 0.3%를 혼합하여 시제품 2를 제작했다. 시제품 1과 시제품 2의 상추를 이용한 포장 재배시험에 대한 비료효과 및 토양이화학성 변화를 조사한 결과, 3요소비료, 퇴비 및 석회를 시용한 관행구에 비해 수확기의 엽장, 엽폭, 엽수 및 생체중량 등이 증가하였으며, 토양 이화학성의 변화는 거의 없었다.

This experiment was conducted to develop fertilizer which promotes plant growth as well as suppressing pathogenic fungi. The fertilizer was made from the mixture of Ju-Back (Korean rice wine cake) and indigenous rhizosphere-bacterium. The main ingredients of Ju-Back were investigated as 6.04% total nitrogen, 42.59% total carbohydrate, 1.01% available phosphate, 73.42% organic matter, 7.72% potassium oxide, 1.35% calcium oxide, 0.53% magnesium oxide. The enzyme activities of Ju-Back were estimated to be 980 units/g for ${\alpha}-amylase$, 300 units/g for glucoamylase, and 1800 units/g for acid pretense. Indigenous rhizosphere bacteria which produced antifungal agent were isolated from soil, and was selected KMU-13 strain which can antagonize against various plant pathogenic fungi (Botrytis cinerea KACC 40573, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum KACC 41065, Fusairum oxysporum KACC 40052, Pythium aphanidermatum KACC 40156, Phytophthora capsici KACC 40476 and Glomerella cingulata KACC 40299). KMU-13 strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis KMU-13 by biochemical and 16s rDNA analysis. The organic fertilizer was made as prototype which was composed 20% Ju-Back, 70% carrier, 9.7% microorganism cultivated solution, 0.3% trace-element. We also investigated an application of fertilizer using Ju-Back for cultivating lettuce (Lactuca sativar) which were grown in three soil conditions that had chemical fertilizer, barnyard manure, lime power, urea, potassium chloride and superphosphate as a control, the whole quantity (80 kg/10a) of posted fertilizer with the control and the half quantity (40 kg/10a) with the control. The growth characteristics were examined and analysed with several weeks interval from 3 weeks to 8 weeks on head length (cm), head width (cm/head), number of leaf and fresh weight (g/plant). The results are summarized as follows. The head width and fresh weight of lettuce were the highest at posted fertilizer 1 (whole quantity) was applied chemical, organic matter (Ju-Back) and carrier. The head length was the highest at posted fertilizer 2 (whole quantity) was applied Ju-Back only.