A Study on the Relationship between Community Cohesion and Community Participation for the Foundation of Community Welfare Planning

지역사회복지계획의 기반조성을 위한 지역사회응집력과 지역사회참여의 관계에 관한 연구

Until now, the strategies for increasing community participation has been focusing on the administrative legal institutionalization, but these have not brought substantive effects. So, the need of strategies utilizing the community culture which was formed by the residents and community has been issued on recently. The purpose of this study is to explore the strategies utilizing the community culture. So, it was identified the socio-demographic variables affected the community cohesion (community social networks, community solidarity, place-attachment), that is called community spirit and culture. And through path analysis, it was analyzed the relationship among residents' socio-demographic background, community cohesion, and community participation. The findings are as follows. : the community cohesion's three elements altogether affected positively to the community participation. When regarding the residents characteristics, the strategies for increasing the participation relating to community solidarity was most relevant. the socio-demographics affecting to community solidarity are gender, age, the beneficiary, religion, job type, household income, the length of residence. the women was low at level of participation. The most important variables affecting the community cohesion are the age, the residence duration. Based on these results, the relevant strategies or approaches for increasing community participation are as follows. : using and sharing of the aged's community knowledge, making the long term living and final settlement of community residents, increasing and creating the income for the low-income residents, increasing of religious organization and its members' responsibility to community, and the purposeful extension and relevancy of women's participation. Ultimately, this study is to contribute to fomulate the residents- cultural asset driven's community welfare planning.

본 연구는 지금까지의 법적 행정적 제도화 중심에서 벗어나 지역사회문화 중심의 지역사회참여 증진 전략을 도출하고자, 지역사회정신이자 문화인 지역사회응집력의 세 가지 영역 즉 지역사회 네트워크, 지역사회연대감, 장소 애착감과 지역사회참여와의 관계를 경로분석을 통하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 지역사회응집력의 세 가지 영역은 모두 지역사회참여에 긍정적으로 영향을 미치고 있었고, 이 중 주민특성을 고려할 때 지역사회연대감과의 관계를 통한 지역사회 참여 증진 전략이 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 여성은 참여수준이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과에 근거하여, 노인의 지역사회지식 활용과 나눔 전략, 주민의 장기거주 및 최종정착 유도 전략, 저소득계층의 소득증진 및 창출 전략, 종교조직과 구성원의 지역사회책임성 증진 전략, 여성참여의 의도적 확대 및 적합성 전략을 지역사회참여 증진 전략으로 제시하였다. 궁극적으로 본 연구의 의의는 지역사회 주민-문화적 자산중심의(residents-cultural asset driven) 통합적 지역사회복지계획 산출의 기반 조성에 기여하는 데 있다.