자궁내막증의 병인: 초기 병변 형성을 중심으로

Pathogenesis of Endometriosis: Early Lesion Formation

  • 나용진 (부산대학교 의과대학 산부인과학교실)
  • Na, Yong-Jin (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University)
  • 발행 : 2007.06.30

초록

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Sampson JA. Perforating hemorrhagic (chocolate) cysts of the ovary; their importance and especially their relation to pelvic adenomas of endometrial type (adenoma of the uterus, rectovaginal septum, sigmoid, etc.). Archives of Surgery 1921; 3: 245-323 https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1921.01110080003001
  2. Halme J, Hommond MG, Hulka J, Raj SG, Talbert LM. Retrograde menstruation in healthy women and in patients with endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol 1984; 64: 151-4
  3. Jenkins S, Olive DL, Haney AF. Endometriosis: pathogenetic implications of the anatomic distribution. Obstet Gynecol 1986; 67: 335-8
  4. Ishimura T, Masuzaki H. Peritoneal endometriosis: endometrial tissue implantation as its primary etiologic mechanism. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165: 210-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(91)90253-N
  5. TeLinde RW, Scott RB. Experimental endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1950; 60: 1147-73 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(50)90517-5
  6. D,Hooghe TM, Bambra CS, Raeymaekers BM, De Jonge I, Lauweryns JM. Koninckx PR. Intrapelvic injection of menstrual endometrium causes endometriosis in baboons (Papio cynocephalus and Papio anubis). Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 173: 125-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(95)90180-9
  7. Cramer DW, Missmer SA. The epidemiology of endometriosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 955: 396-406 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02801.x
  8. Levander G, Normann P. The pathogenesis of endometriosis. An experimental study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1955; 34: 366-98 https://doi.org/10.3109/00016345509158287
  9. Suginami H. A reappraisal of the coelomic metaplasia theory by reviewing endometriosis occurring in unusual sites and instances. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165: 214-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(91)90254-O
  10. Ichimiya M, Hirota T, Muto M. Intralyrnphatic embolic cells with cutaneous endometriosis in the umbilicus. J Dermatol 1998; 25: 333-6 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1346-8138.1998.tb02407.x
  11. Moore JG, Binstock MA, Growdon WA. The clinical implications of retroperitoneal endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 158: 1291-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(88)90359-6
  12. Vignali M, Infantino M, Matrone R, Chiodo I, Somigliana E, Busacca M, et al. Endometriosis: novel aetiopathogenetic concepts and clinical perspectives. Fertil Steril 2002; 78: 665 -78 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(02)03233-8
  13. Vigano P, Parazzini F, Somigliana E, Vercellini P. Endometriosis: epidemiology and aetiological factors. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2004; 18: 177-200 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2004.01.007
  14. Nisolle M, Donnez J. Peritoneal endometriosis, ovarian endometriosis, and adenomyotic nodules of the rectovaginal septum are three different entities. Fertil Steril 1997; 68: 585-96 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(97)00191-X
  15. Vercellini P, Aimi G, Panazza S, Vmcentini S, Pisacreta A, Crosignani PG. Deep endometriosis conundrum: evidence in favor of a peritoneal origin. Fertil Steril 2000; 73: 1043-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(00)00420-9
  16. Dmowski WP, Ding J, Shen J, Rana N, Fernandez BB, Braun DP. Apoptosis in endometrial glandular and stromal cells in women with and without endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2001; 16: 1802-8 https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/16.9.1802
  17. Gebel HM, Braun DP, Tambur A, Frame D, Rana N, Dmowski WP. Spontaneous apoptosis of endometrial tissue is impaired in women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1998; 69: 1042-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00073-9
  18. Meresman GF, Vighi S, Buquet RA, Contreras-Ortiz O, Tesone M, Rumi LS. Apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2000; 74: 760-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(00)01522-3
  19. Goumenou A, Panayiotides I, Matalliotakis I, Tzardi M, Koumantakis E. Bcl-2 and Bax expression in human endometriotic and adenomyotic tissues. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2001; 99: 256-60 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-2115(01)00381-5
  20. Oral E, Arici A. Pathogenesis of endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am 1997; 24: 219-33 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-8545(05)70301-6
  21. Haney AF, Muscato JJ, Weinberg JB. Peritoneal fluid cell populations in infertility patients. Fertil Steril 1981; 35: 696-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)45567-6
  22. Koninckx PR. Is mild endometriosis a condition occurring intermittently in all women? Hum Reprod 1994; 9: 2202-5 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138419
  23. Speroff L, Fritz MA. Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology And Infertility. In: Endometriosis. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. p.1103-33
  24. Semino C, Semino A, Pietra G, Mingari MC, Barrocci S, Venturini PL, et al. Role of major histocompatibility complex class I expression and natural killer-like T cells in the genetic control of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1995; 64: 909-16 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)57901-1
  25. Sornigliana E, Vigano P, Gaffuri B, Guarneri D, Busacca M, Vignali M. Human endometrial stromal cells as a source of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-I molecules. Hum Reprod 1996; 11: 1190-4 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019353
  26. Garcia-Velasco JA, Arici A, Zreik T, Naftolin F, Mor G. Macrophage derived growth factors modulate Fas ligand expression in cultured endometrial stromal cells: a role in endometriosis. Mol Hum Reprod 1999; 5: 642-50 https://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/5.7.642
  27. Hill JA, Faris HM, Schiff I, Anderson DJ. Characterization of leukocyte subpopulations in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1988; 50: 216-22 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)60062-6
  28. Lebovic DI, Mueller MD, Taylor RN. Immunobiology of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2001; 75: 1-10 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(00)01630-7
  29. Nap AW, Groothuis PG, Demir AY, Evers J, Dunselman G. Pathogenesis of endometriosis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2004; 18: 233-44 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2004.01.005
  30. Kikuchi Y, Ishikawa N, Hirata J, Imaizumi E, Sasa H, Nagata I. Changes of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets before and after operation of patients with endometriosis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1993; 72: 157-61 https://doi.org/10.3109/00016349309013353
  31. Oosterlynck DJ, Comillie FJ, Waer M, Vandeputte M, Koninckx PR. Women with endometriosis show a defect in natural killer activity resulting in a decreased cytotoxicity to autologous endometrium. Fertil Steril 1991; 56: 45-51 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)54414-8
  32. Oosterlynck DJ, Meuleman C, Waer M, Vandeputte M, Koninckx PR. The natural killer activity of peritoneal lymphocytes is decreased in women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1992; 58: 290-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)55224-8
  33. Wu MY, Yang JH, Chao KH, Hwang JL, Yang YS, Ho HN. Increase in the expression of killer cell inhibitory receptors on peritoneal natural killer cells in women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2000; 74: 1187-91 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(00)01592-2
  34. Maeda N, Izumiya C, Yamamoto Y, Oguri H, Kusume T, Fulcaya T. Increased killer inhibitory receptor KIR2DL1 expression among natural killer cells in women with pelvic endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2002; 77: 297-302 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(01)02964-8
  35. Groothius PG, Koks CA, de Goeij AF, Dunselman GA, Arends JW, Evers JL. Adhesion of human endometrial fragments to peritoneum in vitro. Fertil Steril 1999; 71: 1119-24 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00122-3
  36. Koks CA, Groothius PG, Dunselman GA, de Goeij AF, Evers JL. Adhesion of shed menstrual tissue in an in vitro model using amnion and peritoneum: a light and electron microscopic study. Hum Reprod 1999; 14: 816-22 https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/14.3.816
  37. Dunselman GA, Groothuis PG, de Goeij AF, Evers JL. The mesothelium, Teflon or Velcro? Hum Reprod 2001; 16: 605-7 https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/16.4.605
  38. Koks CA, Demir Weusten AY, Groothuis PG, Dunselman GA, de Goeij AF, Evers JL. Menstruum induces changes in mesothelial cell morphology. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2000; 50: 13-8 https://doi.org/10.1159/000010271
  39. Demir Weusten AY, Groothuis PG, Dunselman GA, de Goeij AF, Arends JW, Evers JL. Morphological changes in mesothelial cells induced by shed menstrual endometrium in vitro are not primarily due to apoptosis or necrosis. Hum Reprod 2000; 15: 1462-8 https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/15.7.1462
  40. Witz CA, Thomas MR, Montoya-Rodriguez IA, Nair AS, Centonze VB, Schenken RS. Short-term culture of peritoneum explants confirms attachment of endometrium to intact peritoneal mesothelium. Fertil Steril 2001; 75: 385-90 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(00)01699-X
  41. Witz CA, Allsup KT, Montoya-Rodriguez IA, Vaughn SL, Centonze VE, Schenken RS. Culture of menstrual endometrium with peritoneal explants and mesothelial monolayers confirms attachment to intact mesothelial cells. Hum Reprod 2002; 17: 2832-8 https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/17.11.2832
  42. Beliard A, Donnez J, Nisolle M, Foidart JM. Localization of laminin, fibronectin, E-cadherin, and integrins in endometrium and endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1997; 67: 266-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(97)81909-7
  43. Witz CA. Cell adhesion molecules and endometriosis. Semin Reprod Med 2003; 21: 173-82 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-41324
  44. Dechaud H, Witz CA, Montoya-Rodriguez IA, Degraffenreid LA, Schenken RS. Mesothelial cell-associated hyarulonic acid promotes adhesion of endometrial cells to mesothelium. Fertil Steril 2001; 76: 1012-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(01)02839-4
  45. Bruner KL, Matrisian LM, Rodgers WH, Gorstein F, Osteen KG. Suppression of matrix metalloproteinases inhibits establishment of ectopic lesions by human endometrium in nude mice. J Clinic Invest 1997; 99: 2851-7 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI119478
  46. Spuijbroek MD, Dunselman GA, Menheere PP, Evers JL. Early endometriosis invades the extracellular matrix. Fertil Steril 1992; 58: 929-33 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)55437-5
  47. Osteen KG, Rodgers WH, Gaire M, Hargrove JT, Gorstein F, Matrisian LM. Stromal-epithelial interaction mediates steroidal regulation of metalloproteinase expression in human endometrium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 10129-33 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.21.10129
  48. Osteen KG, Yeaman GR, Bruner-Tran KL. Matrix metalloproteinases and endometriosis. Semin Reprod Med 2003; 21: 155-64 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-41322
  49. McLaren J. Vascular endothelial growth factor and endometriotic angiogenesis. Hum Reprod Update 2000; 6: 45-55 https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/6.1.45
  50. Charnock-Jones DS, Sharkey AM, Rajput-Williarns J, Burch D, Schofield JP, Fountain SA, et al. Identification and localization of alternately spliced mRNAs for vascular endothelial growth factor in human uterus and estrogen regulation in endometrial carcinoma cell lines. Biol Reprod 1993; 48: 1120-8 https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod48.5.1120
  51. Smith SK. Regulation of angiogenesis in the endometrium. Trend Endocrinol Metab 2001; 12: 147-51 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1043-2760(01)00379-4
  52. Donnez J, Smoes P, Gillerot S, Cansanas-Rouz F, Nisolle M. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endometriosis. Hum Reprod 1998; 13: 1686-90 https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/13.6.1686
  53. McLaren J, Prentice A, Charnock-Jones DS, Smith SK. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations are elevated in peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 1996; 11: 220-3 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019023
  54. Tan XJ, Lang JH, Liu DY, Shen K, Leng JH, Zhu L. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and thrombospondin-l mRNA in patients with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2002; 78: 148-53 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(02)03187-4
  55. Na YJ, Yang SH, Baek DW, Lee DH, Kim KH, Choi YM, et al. Effects of peritoneal fluid from endometriosis patients on the release of vascular endothelial growth factor by neutrophils and monocytes. Hum Reprod 2006; 21: 1846-55 https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/del077
  56. Hull ML, Charnock-Jones DS, Chan CL, Bruner-Tran KL, Osteen KG, Tom BD, et al. Antiangiogenic agents are effective inhibitors of endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 2889-99 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-021912
  57. Gazvani R, Templeton A. Peritoneal environment, cytokines and angiogenesis in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Reprod 2002; 123: 217-26 https://doi.org/10.1530/rep.0.1230217
  58. Rana N, Braun DP, House R, Gebel H, Rotman C, Dmowski WP. Basal and stimulated secretion of cytokines in peritoneal macrophages in women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1996; 65: 925-30 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)58262-4
  59. Zeitoun KM, Bulun SE. Aromatase: a key molecule in the pathophysiology of endometriosis and a therapeutic target. Fertil Steril 1999; 72: 961-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00393-3
  60. Gurates B, Bulun SE. Endometriosis: the ultimate hormonal disease. Semin Reprod Med 2003; 21: 125-34 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-41319
  61. Kitawaki J, Noguchi T, Amatsu T, Maeda K, Tsukarnoto K, Yamamoto T, et al. Expression of aromatase cytochrome P450 protein and messenger ribonucleic acid in human endometriotic and adenomyotic tissues but not in normal endometrium. Biol Reprod 1997; 57: 514-9 https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod57.3.514
  62. Noble LS, Takayama K, Zeitoun KM, Putman JM, Johns DA, Hinshelwood MM, et al. Prostaglandin E2 stimulates aromatase expression in endometriosis-derived stromal cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 600-6 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.82.2.600
  63. Bulun SE, Mahendroo MS, Simpson ER. Polymerase chain reaction amplification fails to detect aromatase cytochrome P450 transcripts in normal human endometrium or decidua. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 76: 1458-63 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.76.6.1458
  64. Gurates B, Sebastian S, Yang S, Zhou J, Tamura M, Fang Z, et al. WT1 and DAX-1 inhibit aromatase P450 expression in human endometrial and endometriotic stromal cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 4369-77 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-020522
  65. Andersson S, Moghrabi N. Physiology and molecular genetics of 17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. Steroids 1997; 62: 143-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-128X(96)00173-0
  66. Zeitoun K, Takayama K, Sasano H, Suzuki T, Moghrabi N, Andersson S, et al. Deficient 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 expression in endometriosis: failure to metabolize 17beta-estradiol. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 83: 4474-80 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.83.12.4474
  67. Ulukus M, Cakmak H, Arici A. The role of endometrium in endometriosis. J Soc Gynecol Investig 2006; 13: 467-76 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsgi.2006.07.005
  68. Casey ML, MacDonald PC, Andersson S. 17 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2: chromosomal assignment and progestin regulation of gene expression in human endometrium J Clin Invest 1994; 94: 2135-41 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI117569
  69. Vegeto E, Shahbaz MM, Wen DX, Goldman ME, O'Malley BW, McDonnell DP. Human progesterone receptor A form is a cell- and promoter-specific repressor of human progesterone receptor B function. Mol Endocrinol 1993; 7: 1244-55 https://doi.org/10.1210/me.7.10.1244
  70. Attia GR, Zeitoun K, Edwards D, Johns A, Carr BR, Bulun SE. Progesterone receptor isoform A but not B is expressed in endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 2897-902 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.85.8.2897
  71. Igarashi TM, Bruner-Tran KL, Yeaman GR, Lessey BA, Edwards DP, Eisenberg E, et al. Reduced expression of progesterone receptor-B in the endometrium of women with endometriosis and in cocultures of endometrial cells exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Fertil Steril 2005; 84: 67-74 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.01.113