Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters (한국미생물·생명공학회지)

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Bioremediation of Oil-Contaminated Soil Using Rhizobacteria and Plants

근권세균과 식물을 이용한 유류 오염 토양의 생물복원

  • Kim Ji-Young (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Cho Kyung-Suk (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University)
  • 김지영 (이화여자대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 조경숙 (이화여자대학교 환경공학과)
  • Published : 2006.09.01
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Abstract

Phytoremediation is an economical and environmentally friendly bioremediation technique using plants which can increase the microbial population in soil. Unlike other pollutants such as heavy metals, poly-chlorinated biphenyl, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene and so on, petroleum hydrocarbons are relatively easily degradable by soil microbes. For successful phytoremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, it is important to select plants with high removal efficiency through microbial degradation. In this study, we clarified the roles of plants and rhizobacteria and identified their species effective on phytore-mediation by reviewing the papers previously reported. Plants and rhizobacteria can degrade and remove the petroleum hydrocarbons directly and indirectly by stimulating each other's degradation activity. The preferred plant species are alfalfa, ryegrass, tall fescue, poplar, corn, etc. The microorganisms with a potential to degrade hydrocarbons mostly belong to Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., and Alcaligenes spp. It has been reported that the elimination efficiency of hydrocarbons by soil microorganisms can be improved when plants were simultaneously applied. For more efficient restoration, it's necessary to understand the plant-rhizobacteria interaction and to select the suitable plant and microorganism species.

산업발달과 인구증가로 인하여 석유계 탄화수소의 사용량이 점차 증가함에 따라 많은 양의 석유계 탄화수소가 환경에 잔류하여 토양과 지하수에 심각한 오염을 야기시키고 있으며, 인체에도 피해를 주게 된다. 유류오염토양을 복원하는 방법 중 생물을 이용한 복원기술은 경제적이고 환경친화적인 기술로서, phytoremediation 방법은 유류오염물질을 분해할 수 있는 미생물과 토양 내의 미생물량을 증가시킬 수 있는 고등식물을 함께 이용함으로써 생물복원기술의 효율을 극대화할 수 있는 방법이다. 토양 내 유류오염물질은 중금속, polychlorinated biphenyl, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene 등의 오염물질과 달리 식물에 의해 분해 될 수 있기 때문에 유류오염물질 정화효율이 높은 식물종을 선택하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 phytoremediation 기법을 이용하여 유류오염토양을 정화하는 과정에서 식물과 근권 미생물을 역할을 밝히고, 이전에 보고된 연구결과를 바탕으로 유류오염토양복원에 효과적인 식물종과 근권미생물을 알아보았다. 토양 내의 유류오염물질은 식물과 근권 미생물에 의해 분해제거되는데, 식물과 근권 미생물은 유류오염물질을 직접 분해하기도 하며 서로의 분해작용을 촉진하는 간접적 역할을 하기도 한다. 유류오염 토양의 정화에 선호되는 식물종은 alfalfa, ryegrass, tall fescue, poplar, corn 등이었으며, 탄화수소를 분해할 수 있는 것으로 밝혀진 미생물종은 주로 Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Alcaligenes spp. 등이었다. Phytoremediation 방법을 통해 토양 내 유류오염물질의 정화효율을 높일 수 있다는 연구결과가 보고되고 있다. 따라서 phytoremediation 과정에서 식물과 근권 미생물의 역할과 상호작용을 정확히 이해한다면 보다 효과적인 토양복원을 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

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