Abstract
This experiment was conducted to elucidate the basic physiological phenomena of pollination and fertilization for breeding in perilla (Perilla frutescens) through different 6 varieties derived from 2 genera under 4 temperature conditions at day and night. The pollen germination was observed after 30 minutes and pollen tube reached the lower part of pistil after 1 hour from artificial pollination. Seed formation was affected by temperature condition and a variety. The early maturing variety 'YCPL 25' showed a poor seed formation rate under the night temperature below $15^{\circ}C$, but the late maturing variety 'YCPL263' did not lowered even though the night time temperature was $10^{\circ}C$. The function of pistil was long maintained under the low temperature from the fact that if the live pollen pollinate artificially to the flower that does not form seed under low temperature, fruiting was made. Pollen was created and pollen tube was developed in the time of petal becomes bigger than calyx in five varieties, 'YCPLl77-1' etc. However, pollen was made and pollen tube was made only 71% in a green chajogi 'YCPL205-1'. These physiological phenomena of pollination and fertilization could be applicable to the emasculation and an effective breeding in perilla.
1. 들깨의 화분은 인공수분 후 30분이면 화분이 발아되고, 1시간 후면 암술 하단부까지 화분관이 신장되었다. 2. 저온에서는 수술이 고사하거나 약벽이 터지지 않는 경우와 약벽이 터지고 약은 형성되었으나 화분관 신장 수가 매우 적은 비정상적인 양상을 관찰할 수 있었고 종자가 맺히는 화방수가 적었다. 3. 들깨속의 수정, 결실은 온도 및 품종에 따라 차이가 있었는데 조생종인 YCPL 25는 야간온도가 $15^{\circ}C$ 이하일 경우 크게 떨어졌으나, 만숙종인 YCPL 263은 야간온도 $10^{\circ}C$에서도 그 영향은 미미하였다. 4. 저온에서 종자가 맺히지 않는 꽃에 정상적인 화분을 인공수분 시키면 높은 결실률을 얻을 수 있었다. 5. 화기 발달과정 중 수분 및 수정 시기는 YCPL 177-1등 5품종은 꽃잎이 꽃받침보다 커지는 시기에 화분이 만들어지고 화분관이 발달하였으나, 푸른 차조기인 YCPL 205-1은 이 시기에 화분은 만들어졌으나 화분관은 71%만 발달되었다.
