Lactic Acid Bacteria Increases Hypolipidemic Effect of Crocin Isolated from Fructus of Gardenia jasminoides

  • 발행 : 2006.07.01

초록

The fructus of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (GF) has been widely used as a natural colorant in Asian countries, and also as a Chinese traditional medicine for its homeostatic, antiphlogistic, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. In the present study, its main component, crocin, was fermented with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their antihyperlipidemic activity was measured. The GF extract, fermented GF (F-GF), crocin, and fermented crocin (F-crocin) significantly inhibited the increase of serum triglyceride (TG) level in corn oil feeding-induced triglyceridemic mice, as well as that of serum TG and total and LDL cholesterol levels in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice. These agents also showed hypolipidemic activity in hyperlipidemic mice induced by high fat diet for 5 weeks. F-GF and F-crocin exhibited more potent hyperlipidemic effects than GF and crocin. The results suggest that the hypolipidemic effect of GF and crocin can be synergistically activated by LAB, and that F-GF and F-crocin may improve hyperlipidemia in clinic, compared with GF and crocin.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Abe, K., M. Sugiura, Y. Shoyama, and H. Saito. 1998. Crocin antagonizes ethanol inhibition of NMDA receptor mediated responses in rat hippocampal neurons. Brain Res. 787: 132-138 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(97)01505-9
  2. Allain, C. C., L. S. Poon, C. S. G. Chan, W. Richmond, and P. C. Fu. 1974. Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clin. Chem. 20: 470-475
  3. Berner, L. and J. O'Donnell. 1998. Functional foods and health claims legislation: Applications to dairy foods. Int. Dairy. J. 8: 355-362 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(98)00058-2
  4. Duhault, J., M. Boulanger, L. Beregi, N. Sicot, and F. Bouvier. 1976. A new type of hyperlipidemic agent comparative assay in rats. Atherosclerosis 23: 63-72 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(76)90118-0
  5. Fuller, R. 1989. Probiotics in man and animals. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 66: 365-378 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1989.tb05105.x
  6. Gilliland, S. E., C. R. Nelson, and C. Maxwell. 1985. Assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49: 377-381
  7. Goldstein, J. L., H. Schrott, E. Hazzard, E. Bierman, and A. Motuski. 1973. Hyperlipidemia in coronary heart disease. II. Genetic analysis of lipid levels in 176 families and delineation of a new inherited disorder, combined hyperlipidemia. J. Clin. Invest. 52: 1544-1568 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI107332
  8. Han, S. I., C. S. Huh, Y. T. Ahn, K. S. Lim, Y. J. Baek, and D. H. Kim. 2005. Hepatoprotective effect of lactic acid bacteria. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 15: 887-890
  9. Hsu, J. D., F. P. Chou, M. J. Lee, H. C. Chiang, Y. L. Lin, S. J. Shiow, and C. J. Wang. 1999. Suppression of the TPA induced expression of nuclear-protooncogenes in mouse epidermis by crocetin via antioxidant activity. Anticancer Res. 19: 4221-4227
  10. Kim, H. Y., J. O. Yang, and G E. Ji. 2005. Effect of bifidobacteria on production of allergy-related cytokines from mouse spleen cells. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 15: 265-268
  11. Kim, H. J., J. H. Kim, J. H. Son, H. J. Seo, S. J. Park, N. S. Paek, and S. K. Kim. 2004. Characterization of bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus bulgaricus. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 14: 503-508
  12. Kusama, H., M. Nishiyama, and S. Ikeda. 1988. Pharmacological investigation of bezafibrate, a hypolipidemic agent. (I). Effect of bezafibrate on normal and experimental hyperlipidemia in rats. Folia Pharmacol. Japon. 92: 175-180 https://doi.org/10.1254/fpj.92.175
  13. Lee, B. H. and G. E. Ji. 2005. Effect of Bifidobacterium cell fraction on IL-6 production in RAW264. 7 cells. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 15: 740-744
  14. Lee, I.-A., J. H. Lee, N. I. Baek, and D. H. Kim. 2005. Antihyperlipidemic effect of crocin isolated from the fructus of Gardenia jasminoides and its metabolite crocetin. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28: 2106-2110 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.28.2106
  15. Machida, K., K. Oyama, M. Ishii, R. Kakuda, Y. Yaoita, and M. Kikuchi. 2000. Studies of the constituents of Gardenia species. II. Terpenoids from Gardeniae fructus. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 48: 746-748 https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.48.746
  16. Mainard, F. and Y. Madec. 1986. Cholesterol, phospholipid and apo B composition of LDL; Comparison of precipitation and ultracentrifugation methods. Ann. Biol. Clin. 44: 618-623
  17. Mathews-Roth, M. M. 1982. Effect of crocetin on experimental skin tumors in hairless mice. Oncology 39: 362-364 https://doi.org/10.1159/000225672
  18. McNaught, C. E. and J. MacFie. 2001. Probiotics in clinical practice: A critical review of the evidence. Nutr. Res. 21: 343-353 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(00)00286-4
  19. Ochiai, T., S. Ohno, S. Soeda, H. Tanaka, Y. Shoyama, and H. Shimeno. 2004. Crocin prevents the death of rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells by its antioxidant effects stronger than those of alpha-tocopherol. Neurosci. Lett. 362: 61-64 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2004.02.067
  20. Ozaki, A., M. Kitano, N. Furusawa, H. Yamaguchi, K. Kuroda, and G. Endo. 2002. Genotoxicity of gardenia yellow and its components. Food Chem. Toxicol. 40: 1603-1610 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00118-7
  21. Rafter, J. 2003. Probiotics and colon cancer. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroentrol. 17: 849-859 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1521-6918(03)00056-8
  22. Rhee, Y. K., M. J. Han, E. C. Choi, and D. H. Kim. 2002. Hypocholesterolemic activity of Bifidobacteria isolated from a healthy Korean. Arch. Pharm. Res. 25: 681-684 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976944
  23. Saarela, M., L. Lahteenaki, R. Crittenden, S. Salminen, and T. Mattila-Sandholm. 2002. Gut bacteria and health foods the European perspective. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 78: 99-117 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00235-0
  24. Sardesai, V. M. and J. A. Mannig. 1968. The determination of triglycerides in plasma and tissues. Clin. Chem. 14: 156-158
  25. Sindhu, S. C. and N. Khetarpaul. 2001. Probiotic fermentation of indigenous food mixture: Effect on antinutrients and digestibility of starch and protein. J. Food Composit. Anal. 14: 601-609 https://doi.org/10.1006/jfca.2001.1022
  26. Soeda, S., T. Ochiai, L. Paopong, H. Tanaka, Y. Shoyama, and H. Shimeno. 2001. Crocin suppresses tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced cell death of neuronally differentiated PC-12 cells. Life Sci. 69: 2887 -2898 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(01)01357-1
  27. Tseng, T. H., C. Y. Chu, J. M. Huang, S. J. Shiow, and C. J. Wang. 1995. Crocetin protects against oxidative damage in rat primary hepatocytes. Cancer Lett. 97: 61-67 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(95)03964-X