The Clinicopathological Factors That Determine a Local Recurrence of Rectal Cancers That Have Been Treated with Surgery and Chemoradiotherapy

직장암의 수술 후 방사선 치료 시 국소 재발의 임상 병리적 예후 인자

  • Choi, Chul-Won (Departments of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences) ;
  • Kim, Min-Suk (Departments of Radiation Pathology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences) ;
  • Lee, Seung-Sook (Departments of Radiation Pathology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences) ;
  • Yoo, Seong-Yul (Departments of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences) ;
  • Cho, Chul-Koo (Departments of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences) ;
  • Yang, Kwang-Mo (Departments of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences) ;
  • Yoo, Hyung-Jun (Departments of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences) ;
  • Seo, Young-Seok (Departments of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences) ;
  • Hwang, Dae-Yong (Departments of Radiation Surgery, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences) ;
  • Moon, Sun-Mi (Departments of Radiation Surgery, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Sook (Departments of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences)
  • 최철원 (원자력의학원 방사선종양학과) ;
  • 김민석 (원자력의학원 병리과) ;
  • 이승숙 (원자력의학원 병리과) ;
  • 류성렬 (원자력의학원 방사선종양학과) ;
  • 조철구 (원자력의학원 방사선종양학과) ;
  • 양광모 (원자력의학원 방사선종양학과) ;
  • 유형준 (원자력의학원 방사선종양학과) ;
  • 서영석 (원자력의학원 방사선종양학과) ;
  • 황대용 (원자력의학원 외과) ;
  • 문선미 (원자력의학원 외과) ;
  • 김미숙 (원자력의학원 방사선종양학과)
  • Published : 2006.12.31

Abstract

$\underline{Purpose}$: To evaluate the pathological prognostic factors related to local recurrence after radical surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy in advanced rectal cancer. $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: Fifty-four patients with advanced rectal cancer who were treated with radical surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy between February 1993 and December 2001 were enrolled in this study. Among these patients, 14 patients experienced local recurrence. Tissue specimens of the patients were obtained to determine pathologic parameters such as histological grade, depth of invasion, venous invasion, lymphatic invasion, neural invasion and immunohistopathological analysis for expression of p53, Ki-67, c-erb, ezrin, c-met, phosphorylated S6 kinase, S100A4, and HIF-1 alpha. The correlation of these parameters with the tumor response to radiotherapy was statistically analyzed using the chi-square test, multivariate analysis, and the hierarchical clustering method. $\underline{Results}$: In univariate analysis, the histological tumor grade, venous invasion, invasion depth of the tumor and the over expression of c-met and HIF-1 alpha were accompanied with radioresistance that was found to be statistically significant. In multivariate analysis, venous invasion, invasion depth of tumor and over expression of c-met were also accompanied with radioresistance that was found to be statistically significant. By analysis with hierarchical clustering, the invasion depth of the tumor, and the over expression of c-met and HIF-1 alpha were factors found to be related to local recurrence. Whereas 71.4% of patients with local recurrence had 2 or more these factors, only 27.5% of patients without local recurrence had 2 or more of these factors. $\underline{Conclusion}$: In advanced rectal cancer patients treated by radical surgery and adjuvant chemo-radiation therapy, the poor prognostic factors found to be related to local recurrence were HIF-1 alpha positive, c-met positive, and an invasion depth more than 5.5 mm. A prospective study is necessary to confirm whether these factors would be useful clinical parameters to measure and predict a radio-resistance group of patients.

목 적: 진행된 직장암의 수술 후 보조적 방사선 치료를 시행한 환자에서 국소 재발한 군의 병리학적 예후 인자를 규명함으로써 향후 치료 방침의 결정에 도움이 되고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1993년 2월부터 2001년 12월까지 원자력의학원에서 수술을 시행한 후 병기 3기 이상으로 방사선치료 및 항암 요법을 시행 받은 직장암 환자 110명을 대상으로 검체를 모두 조사하여 면역조직화학검사가 가능한 총 54명을 대상으로 하였다. 이중 국소전이가 발견된 군이 14명, 발견되지 않은 군이 40명이었다. 이들의 조직 검체를 대상으로 종양의 침윤 깊이, 종양의 조직학적 등급, 임파절 침윤 여부, 혈관 침윤 여부, 신경 침윤 여부 등의 병리적인 특징 및 p53, Ki-67, c-erb, ezrin, c-met, phospho-S6K, S100A4, HIF-1 alpha의 다양한 암 유전자의 발현양상을 단변량 분석 및 다변량 분석, hierarchical clustering 분석 기법을 사용하여 치료 후 예후와 관련된 인자를 찾았다. 결 과: 병리학적 예후 인자 중 단변량 분석상 종양 침윤 깊이, 종양의 등급, 혈관 침범이 의미 있었고 다변량 분석상 침윤의 깊이가 5.5 mm 이하, 혈관 침윤이 없는 경우가 국소 재발이 낮은 군이었다. 면역조직화학검사 결과의 단변량 분석상 c-met 양성, HIF-1 alpha 양성이 국소 재발률이 높은 예후 인자였고 다변량 분석상 c-met이 의미 있는 예후 인자였다. Hierarchical clustering을 통해서 조사한 결과 HIF-1 alpha, c-met 및 종양 침윤 깊이가 국소재발과 관련된 인자로써 국소 재발을 한 군의 71.4%가 3가지 인자 중 2개 이상을 가지고 있는 반면 국소 재발을 하지 않은 군에서는 27.5%가 2개 이상을 가지고 있었다. 결 론: 국소적으로 진행되어 방사선 치료를 시행해야 하는 직장암 환자군 중에서 HIF-1 alpha 양성, c-met 양성, 종양 침윤 깊이 5.5 mm 이상의 병리학적 예후 인자를 두 개 이상 가지는 환자는 국소 재발의 가능성이 높다. 이러한 인자가 방사선치료 저항군의 지표로써 유용한지에 대한 전향적 연구가 향후 필요할 것이다.

Keywords

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