흙사면의 체적함수비 계측을 통한 사면파괴 예측기법 개발

Slope Failure Predicting Method Using the Monitoring of Volumetric Water Content in Soil Slope

  • 김만일 (안동대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • Kim Man-Il (Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Andong National University) ;
  • Nishigaki Makoto (Dept. of Environmental and Civil Design, Okayama University)
  • 발행 : 2006.06.01

초록

강우에 의한 사면파괴의 초기단계 및 과정을 규명하기 위하여 실내 사면모델 시험결과를 분석하였다. 이 파괴 초기단계와 관련된 수리학적 상호관계를 파악하기 위해 인공강우 살포동안 사면모델 내 체적함수비 변화를 측정하는데 목적을 두었다. 사면파괴의 과정은 인공강우동안 사면 하단부의 유출면 발달에 의해 파괴를 발생시키는 요인으로 작용하였다. 따라서 국부적인 사면파괴를 예측하기 위해서는 강우에 의해 발생된 침투수의 침투특성에 대한 장기적인 계측이 매우 중요하다. 사면 내에서 강우에 의한 침윤선의 침투 및 지하수위 상승과 밀접한 연관성을 갖는 체적함수비 변화를 3가지의 침투변화(phase I, phase II, phase III로 나누어 사면파괴를 계측할 수 있는 수리학적 측면으로 접근하였다. 따라서 체적함수비가 급격히 증가하는 phase III 단계부터는 사면파괴 발생 가능성이 매우 증가함을 파악하였다. 그러므로 사면 내 체적함수비 변화를 연속적으로 계측함으로써 강우에 의한 사면파괴의 발생을 효율적이고 실질적으로 예측할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This study presents the results of a series of laboratory scale slope failure experiments aimed at clarifying the process and the condition leading to the initiation of rainfall-induced slope failures. For the evaluation of hydrologic response of the model slopes in relation the process of failure initiation, measurements were focused on the changes in volumetric water content during the initiation process. The process leading to failure initiation commences by the development of a seepage face. It appears reasonable to conclude that slope failures are a consequence of the instability of seepage area formed at the slope surface during rainfall period. Therefore, this demonstrates the importance of monitoring the development seepage area for useful prediction about the timing of a particular failure event. The hydrologic response of soil slopes leading to failure initiation is characterized by three phases (phase I, II and III) of significant increase in volumetric water content in association with the ingress of wetting front and the rise of groundwater level within the slope. The period of phase III increase in volumetric water content can be used to initiate advance warning towards a failure initiation event. Therefore, for the concept outlined above, direct and continuous monitoring of the change in volumetric water content is likely to provide the possibility for the development of a reliable and effective means of predicting the occurrence of rainfall-induced slope failures.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. 김만일, 채병곤, 정교철, 2005, 흙사면 절개지 불포화토의 침투거동 특성에 관한 연구, 지질공학, 15(4), pp.487-494
  2. 행정자치부, 국립방재연구소, 1999, 사면 위험지대 평가 방법 연구 -경북지역 현장사례를 중심으로, NIDP-99- 08, 국립방재연구소, 368p
  3. Abramson, L., Lee, T., Sharma, S. and Boyce G., 1996, Slope stability and stabilization methods, John Wiley & Sons, 629p
  4. Anderson, S. A. and Sitar, N., 1995, Analysis of rainfallinduced debris flows, J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 121(7), pp.544-552 https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1995)121:7(544)
  5. Baum, R. L. and Chleborad, A. F., 1999, Landslides triggered by Pacific Northwest storms, November and December 1998, Information Reports, USGS, Washington D.C
  6. Campbell, R. H., 1975, Soil slips, debris flows, and rainstorms in the Santa Monica Mountains and vicinity, Southern California, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 851, 51p
  7. Elsen, E. V. D., Xie, Y., Liu, B., Stolte, J., Wu, Y., Trouwborst, K. and Ritsema, C. J., 2003, Intensive water content and discharge measurement system in a hill slope gully in China, Catena, 54, pp.93-115 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(03)00059-6
  8. Johnson, K. A. and Sitar, N., 1990, Hydrologic conditions leading to debris flow initiation, Can. Geotech. J., 27(6), pp.789-801 https://doi.org/10.1139/t90-092
  9. Kim, J. -H., Jeong, S. -S., Park, S. -W. and Sharma, J., 2004, Influence of rainfall-induced wetting on the stability of slopes in weathered soils, Engineering Geology, 75, pp.251-262 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.06.017
  10. Miller, J. D. and Gaskin, G. J., 1997, The development and application of the ThetaProbe soil water sensor, MLURI Technical Note, Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Aberdeen
  11. Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Gasmo, G. M. and Tang, S. K., 1998, Assessment of rainfall effect on stability of residual soil slopes, Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. Unsaturated Soils, International Academic Publisher, Vol. 1, pp.280-285
  12. Sun, H. W., Wong, H. N. and Ho, K. K. S., 1998, Analysis of infiltration in unsaturated ground, Proceedings of the annual seminar on slope engineering in Hong Kong, Ed., Li, Kay & Ho, Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, pp.101-109