Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue (한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제)

Korean Psychological Association of Culture and Social Issues (한국문화및사회문제심리학회)
권호 표지

Implicit Representations of Relationship with the Powerful and the Powerless Other in Korean College Students

대학생의 강자-약자와의 관계에 대한 암묵적 표상

  • 조혜자 (이화여대 사회과학연구소) ;
  • 방희정 (이화여대 심리학과) ;
  • 조숙자 (이화여대 사회과학연구소) ;
  • 김현정 (이화여대 사회과학연구소)
  • Received : 2006.03.15
  • Published : 2006.05.31

⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted to explore college students' implicit identification with others powerful or powerless, and implicit association of self-enhancement & authenticity with their relationships with others powerful or powerless. The study was based on measuring 3 sorts of IAT: an explicit identification test, RWA, & RISC. The results were summed up as follows: Students identified their selves with others more powerful than others powerless; expressed self-enhancement when they were with powerful others; and associated 'true' with relationship with others powerful. Men with high RWA & women with low RWA identified their selves more with others powerful; low RWA & high RISC groups' associated relationship with others powerful to 'true' and others powerless to 'false' more rapidly. These results were discussed in terms of structure of authoritarianism, SEM, relationship with others powerful and powerless.

본 연구는 남녀 대학생을 대상으로 강자, 약자와의 관계에서 암묵적으로 경험하는 동일시, 고양과 비하, 진실과 거짓을 알아보기 위해, 3가지 IAT검사와 3가지 명시적인 검사(동일시 검사, RWA, RISC)를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 대학생들은 명시적, 암묵적으로 강자를 동일시하였으며, 강자와의 관계에 고양되며, 강자와의 관계에 진실을 연합하였다. 한편 남성보다는 여성들이 강자와의 관계에 고양과 진실을 암묵적으로 연합하는 반응이 빨랐고, RWA 고집단 남성과 RWA 저집단 여성은 강자 동일시 반응이 빨랐으며, RWA 저집단과 RISC 고집단은 강자와의 관계에 진실, 약자와의 관계에 거짓을 연합하는 반응이 빠르게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 권위주의의 구조, Tesser의 SEM 이론, 그리고 약자보호 관점의 인간관계 특성과 관련하여 논의되었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 2004년도 한국 학술진흥재단의 지원에 의해 연구되었음(FRF-2004-074-HS0005).

References

  1. 방희정, 조혜자, 조숙자, 김현정 (2005). 한국 남녀 대학생의 '개인'과 '관계'의 암묵적 표상. 한국심리학회지 : 여성, 10(2), 189-209.
  2. 조혜자, 방희정 (2003). 여성의 명시적 암묵적 자아해석에 미치는 성 고정관념의 영향. 한국심리학회지 : 여성, 8(3), 101-122.
  3. 최상진 (2000). 한국인 심리학. 중앙대학교 출판부.
  4. Altemeyer, B. (1981). Right-Wing Authoritariamism. Winnipag, Canada: U. of Manitoba Press.
  5. Altemeyer, B. (1988). enemies of freedom: Understanding Right-Wing Authoritarianism. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  6. Altemeyer, B. (1996). The authoritarian specter. Cambridge, MA: Harvard U. Press.
  7. Anderson, C., & Berdahl, J. L., (2002). The experience of power: Examining the effects of power on approach and inhibition tendencies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(6), 1362-1377.
  8. Bacon, P. L., (1996). The impact of the interdependent self-construal on downward comparison Unpublished master's thesis. Iowa State Univ.
  9. Baumeister, R. (1998). The self. In D. Gilbert, S.Fiske, & G. Lindzey(Eds.), The handbook of social psychology(4th Ed., 680-740). NY: McGraw Hill.
  10. Chen, Y., Brockner, J., & Katz, T. (1998). Toward an explanation of cultural differences in in-group favoritism: The role of individual versus collective primacy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1490-1502.
  11. Crocker, J., & Major, B. (1989). Social stigma and self-esteem: The self protective properties of stigma. Psychological Review, 96, 608-630.
  12. Cross, S. E., & Madson, L. (1997). Models of the self: Self-construals and gender. Psychological Bulletin, 122, 5-37.
  13. Cross, S. E., Bacon, P. L., & Morris, M. L. (2000). The relational-interdependent self-construal and relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 791-808.
  14. Duncan, L. E., Peterson, B. E., & Winter, D. G. (1997) Authoritarianism and gender roles: Toward a Psychological analysis of hegemonic relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(1), 41-49.
  15. Fromm, E. (1941). Escape from freedom. (지정자 역, 자유로부터의 도피. 서울: 홍신문화사.)
  16. Gardner, W. L., Gabries, S., & Hochschild, L. (2002). When you and I are "we", you are not threatening: The role of self-expansion in social comparison. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 239-251.
  17. Greenwald, A, G., Banaji, M., R, & Nosek, B., A. (2003). Understanding and using the implicit Association Test: I. An improved Scoring System. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 185(2), 197-216.
  18. Greenwald, A., & Farnham, S. D. (2000). Using the Implicit Association Test to measure self-esteem and self-concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 6, 1022-1038.
  19. Greenwald, A., Banaji, M., Rudman, L., Farnham, S., Nosek, B., & Mellott, D. (2002). A unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, self-esteem, and self-concept Psychological Review, 109(1), 3-25.
  20. Haines, E., Kray, L. J. (2005). Self-power associations: The possession of power impacts women's self-concepts. European Journal of Social Psychology, 35, 643-662.
  21. Harter, S. (1998). The personal self in social contest: Barriers to authenticity. In R. Ashmore & L. Jussim (Eds.) Self and identity, 81-105. NY: Oxford.
  22. Heine, S. J., & Lehman, D. R. (1999). Culture, self-discrepancies, and self-satisfaction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 915-925.
  23. Keltner, D., Gruengeld, D. H., & Anderson, D. (2003). Power, approach, and inhibition. Psychological Review, 110, 265-284.
  24. McConnell, A. R., & Leibold, J. M. (2001). Relations among the implicit association test, discriminatory behavior, and explicit measures of racial attitudes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 435-442.
  25. Martin, J. L. (2001). The authoritarian personality, 50 years later: What lessons are there for political psychology? Political Psychology, 22(1), 1-26.
  26. Mussweiler, T.(2003). Comparison processes in social judgment: Mechanisms and consequences. Psychological Review, 110, 472-489.
  27. Nosek, B.A., Banaji, M. R. & Greenwald, A. G. (2002). Math=male, me=female, therefore math≠me. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 1, 44-59.
  28. Raven, B. (1993). The bases of power: Origins and recent development. Journal of Social Issues, 49(4), 227-251.
  29. Roberts, A. (2003). Hitler and Churchill: Secrets of leadership. London: Weidengeld & Nicolson.
  30. Rudman, L., Greenwald, A., & MaGhee, D. (2001). Implicit self-concept and evaluative implicit gender stereotypes: Self and in-group share desirable traits. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(9), 1164-1178.
  31. Smith, D. R., DiTomaso, N., & Farris, G. F. (2002). Favoritism, bias, and error in performance ratings of scientists and engineers: The effects of power, status, and number. Sex Roles, 45(5/6), 337-358.
  32. Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988). Positive illusions: Creative self-deceptin and the healthy mind. NY: Basic Books.
  33. Tessler, A. (1988). Toward a self-evaluation maintenance model of social behavior. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 21, pp. 181-227). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  34. Turner, J. (2005). Explaining the nature of power: A three-process theory. European Journal of Social Psychology, 35, 1-22.