호흡부전 환자에서 비침습적 양압환기법의 적용

Application of Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in Patients with Respiratory Failure

  • 설영미 (부산대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 박영은 (부산대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김서린 (부산대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이재형 (부산대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이수진 (부산대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김기욱 (부산대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 조진훈 (부산대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 박혜경 (부산대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김윤성 (부산대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이민기 (부산대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 박순규 (부산대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김영대 (부산대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실)
  • Seol, Young Mi (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University) ;
  • Park, Young Eun (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Seo Rin (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Jae Hyung (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Su Jin (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Ki Uk (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University) ;
  • Cho, Jin Hoon (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University) ;
  • Park, Hye Kyung (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Yun Seong (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Min Ki (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University) ;
  • Park, Soon Kew (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Young Dae (Department of Thorasic Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University)
  • 투고 : 2006.02.14
  • 심사 : 2006.07.08
  • 발행 : 2006.07.30

초록

연구배경: 다양한 원인에 의한 호흡부전증에서 중환자실뿐만 아니라, 응급실, 일반병실에서 호흡보조와 이탈방법으로 NPPV를 사용한 환자에 대해서 임상상을 조사하고, 유용성 및 예후를 조사하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2003년 6월부터 2005년 5월까지 부산대학교병원에서 NPPV로 치료한 34명(남자 16명, 여자 18명,평균연령 58세)을 대상으로 하였다. 모든 환자의 원인질환, 치료기간, 적응 유무, 합병증 및 치료에 대한 성공 여부, NPPV 적용 전과 적용 후 2시간과 24시간 후에 생체징후, 동맥혈 가스검사를 조사하였다. 결 과: 성공 군은 24명(71%), 실패 군은 10명(29%)이었다. 성공 군은 실패 군에 비해 평균 연령, 성별, 치료기간, 생체 징후, $PaO_2$, $PaCO_2$, $SaO_2$는 큰 차이가 없었으나, 적용 전의 pH는 유의하게 높았다. 만성폐쇄성 폐질환환자의 성공률이 비만성폐쇄성 폐질환환자보다 높았으며(86% vs 53%), 2시간후 동맥혈 가스검사도 유의하게 향상하였다. 비만성폐쇄성 폐질환환자에서도 기계환기 이탈 후 NPPV를 적용하였을 때 2시간후 동맥혈검사가 유의하게 향상되었다. 합병증은 총 5건으로 안면 피부 발적 3건, 복부팽만 1건, 구강 건조가 1건이 있었으나 이로 인한 중단 예는 없었다. 결 론: 다양한 원인에 의한 호흡부전증 환자에서 호흡보조와 이탈방법으로 NPPV의 적용은 유용한 방법으로 생각되며, 적용 전의 pH와 적용 2시간 후 분당 호흡수, 동맥혈 이산화탄소 분압,동맥혈 산소 분압, 산소포화도의 향상이 성공 여부에 중요한 인자로 생각된다. NPPV 적용의 성공률을 높이기 위해 적절한 기준 및 기계를 다루는 기술과 경험, 성공 인자에 대한 평가가 필요하다.

Background: Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation(NPPV) has been increasingly used over the past decade in the management of acute or chronic respiratory failure and weaning of mechanical ventilation. We performed this clinical study to evaluate the usefulness of NPPV in patients who developed acute respiratory failure or post-extubation respiratory failure. Methods: We analysed thirty four patients(sixteen males and eighteen females, mean ages 58 years) who applied NPPV(BIPAP S/T, Respironics co., USA) for respiratory failure or weaning difficulty at medical intensive care unit(MICU), emergency room and general ward of a tertiary hospital. We evaluated the underlying causes of respiratory failure, duration of treatment, the degree of adaptation, complication and predictive parameters of successful outcome. Results: The overall success rate of NPPV was seventy-one percent. The duration of NPPV applying time, baseline blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration rate, $PaO_2$, $PaCO_2$, $SaO_2$ were not different between success group and failure group. But, the baseline pH was higher in the success group. Predictors of success were higher baseline pH, patients with underlying disease of COPD, improvement of vital sign and arterial blood gas value after NPPV application. The success rate in patients with post-extubation respiratory failure was eighty percent. There were no serious complication on applying NPPV except minor complications such as facial skin erythema, abdominal distension & dry mouth. Conclusion: NPPV may be effective treatment in patients with acute respiratory failure or post-extubation respiratory failure in selected cases.

키워드

참고문헌

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