References
- Argenzio, R. A., J. A. Liacos, M. L. Levy, D. J. Meuten, J. G. Lecce and D. W. Powell. 1990. Villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, cellular infiltration, and impaired glucose-Na absorption in enteric cryptosporidiosis of pigs. Gastroenterol. 98:1129-1140 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(90)90325-U
- Ayonrinde, A. I., I. H. Williams, R. Mccauley and B. P. Mullan. 1995. Glutamine stimulates intestinal hyperplasia in weaned piglet. In Manipulating Pig Production (Ed. V. D. P. Hennessy and P. D. Cranwell). Australasian Pig Science Association, Werribee, Australia, pp. 180
- Cera, K. R., D. C. Mahan, R. F. Cross, G. A. Reinhart and R. E. Whitmoyer. 1988. Effect of age, weaning and postweaning diet on small intestinal growth and jejunal morphology in young swine. J. Anim. Sci. 66:574-584 https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1988.662574x
- Dahlqvist, A. and C. Nordström. 1966. The distribution of disaccharidase activities in the villi and crypts of the smallintestinal mucosa. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 113:624-626 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6593(66)80024-3
- Gay, C. C., I. K. Barker and P. Moore. 1976. Changes in piglet intestinal villous structure and intestinal enzyme activity associated with weaning. In: Proceedings of the IVth IPVS Congress (Ed. W. E. Brandt, R. D. Glock, D. L. Harris, N. E. Hutton and A. D. Lennon). College of Veterinary Medicine. Iowa State University. Ames. IA. USA
- Hampson, D. J. and D. C. Kidder. 1986. Influence of creep feeding and weaning on brush border enzyme activities in the piglet small intestine. Res. Vet. Sci. 40:24-31
- Hampson, D. J. 1986a. Alterations in piglet small intestinal structure at weaning. Res. Vet. Sci. 40:32-40
- Hampson, D. J. 1986b. Attempts to modify changes in the piglet small intestine after weaning. Res. Vet. Sci. 40:313-317
- Hornich, M., E. Salajka, L. Ulmann, Z. Sarmanova and M. Sedlacek. 1973. Enteric Escherichia coli infections. Morphological findings in the intestinal mucosa of healthy and diseased piglets. Vet. Pathol. 10:484-500 https://doi.org/10.1177/030098587301000602
- James, P. S., M. W. Smith, D. R. Tivey and T. J. G. Wilson. 1987. Epidermal growth factor selectively increases maltase and sucrase activities in neonatal piglet intestine. J. Physiol. 293:583-594
- Kelly, D., J. A. Smyth and K. J. McCracken. 1991a. Digestive development of the early-weaned pig: I. Effect of continuous nutrient supply on the development of the digestive tract and on changes in digestive enzyme activity during the first week post-weaning. Br. J. Nutr. 65:169-180 https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19910078
- Kelly, D., J. A. Smyth and K. J. McCracken. 1991b. Digestive development of the early-weaned pig: II. Effect of level of food intake on digestive enzyme activity during the immediate post-weaning period. Br. J. Nutr. 65:181-188 https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19910079
- Kelly, D., J. A. Smyth and K. J. McCracken. 1990. Effect of creep feeding on structural and functional changes of the gut of early weaned pigs. Res. Vet. Sci. 48:350-356
- Kelly, D. 1990. Effect of creep feeding on the incidence, duration and severity of post-weaning diarrhoea. Res. Vet. Sci. 49:223-228
- Kenworthy, R. 1976. Observations on the effects of weaning in the young pig. Clinical and histopathological studies of intestinal function and morphology. Res. Vet. Sci. 21:69-75
- Kidder, D. E. and M. J. Manners. 1980. The level and distribution of carbohydrases in the small intestine mucosa of pigs from 3 weeks of age to maturity. Br. J. Nutr. 43:141-153 https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19800073
- Lee, D. N., C. F. Wang, Y. H. Cheng, T. Y. Kuo, J. F. Wu and H. T. Yen. 2003. Dietary glutamine supplementation enhances weaned pigs mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 16:1182-1187 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2003.1182
- Lee, D. N., Y. H. Cheng, F. Y. Wu, H. Sato, I. Shinzato, S. P. Chen and H. T. Yen. 2003. Effect of dietary glutamine supplement on performance and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 16:1770-1776 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2003.1770
- Li, D. F., R. C. Thaler, J. L. Nelssen, D. L. Harmon, G. L. Allee and T. L. Weeden. 1990. Effect of fat sources and combinations on starter pig performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphology. J. Anim. Sci. 68:3694-3704 https://doi.org/10.2527/1990.68113694x
- Lindemann, M. D., S. G. Cornelius, S. M. E. Kandelgy, R. L. Moser and J. E. Pettigew. 1986. Effect of age, weaning and diet on digestive enzyme levels in the piglet. J. Anim. Sci. 62:1298-1307 https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1986.6251298x
- Liu, T. 2002. Effects of glutamine on the trophic status of the intestinal tract and immune function of early-weaned piglets. Ph.D. Dissertation, Huzhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. pp. 35-41
- Liu, T., J. Peng, Y. Z. Xiong, S. Q. Zhou and X. H. Cheng. 2002. Effects of dietary glutamine and glutamate supplementation on small intestinal structure, active absorption and DNA, RNA concentrations in skeletal muscle tissue of weaned piglets during d 28 to 42 of age. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 15:238-242 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2002.238
- Luchansky, J. B. 2000. Use of biotherapeutics to enhance animal well being and food safety. In Proceedings of the 6th International Feed Production Conference, Piacenza, Italy. pp. 188-194
- Luna, L. G. 1968. Manual of histologic staining methods of the armed forces institute of pathology. 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. p. 258
- Manners, M. J. and J. A. Stevens. 1972. Changes from birth to maturity in the pattern of distribution of lactase and sucrase activity in the mucosa of the small intestine of pigs. Br. J. Nutr. 28:113-127 https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19720014
- Miller, B. G., P. S. James, M. W. Smith and F. J. Bourne. 1986. Effect of weaning on the capacity of pig intestinal villi to digest and absorb nutrient. J. Agric. Sci. Cambridge 107:579- 589 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600069756
- Nabuurs, M. J. A., A. Hoogendoorn, E. J. van der Molen and A. L. M. van Osta. 1993. Villus height and crypt depth in weaned and unweaned pigs, reared under various circumstances in the Netherlands. Res. Vet. Sci. 55:78-84 https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-5288(93)90038-H
- Nordstrom, C. and A. Dahlqvist. 1973. Quantitative distribution of some enzymes along the villi and crypts of human small intestine. Scand. J. Gastroentero. 8:407-416 https://doi.org/10.1159/000197344
- NRC. 1998. Nutrient Requirements of Swine (10th Ed.). National Academic Press, Washington, DC
- Piva, A., A. Panciroli, E. Meola and A. Formigoni. 1996. Lactitol enhances short-chain fatty acid and gas production by swine cecal microflora to a greater extent when fermenting low rather than high fiber diets. J. Nutr. 126:280-289 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/126.1.280
- Piva, A., A. Prandini, L. Fiorentini, M. Morlacchini, F. Galvano and J. B. Luchansky. 2002. Tributyrin and lactitol synergistically enhanced the trophic status of the intestinal mucosa and reduced histamine levels in the gut of nursery pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 80:670-680
- Pluske, J. R. 2001. Morphological and functional changes in the small intestine of the newly weaned pig. In: Gut Environment of Pigs (Ed. A. Piva, K. E. Bach Knudsen and J. E. Lindberg). Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK. pp. 1-27
- Pluske, J. R., I. H. Williams and F. X. Aherne. 1996a. Maintenance of villus height and crypt depth in piglets by providing continuous nutrition after weaning. J. Anim. Sci. 62:131-144 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800014417
- Pluske, J. R., I. H. Williams and F. X. Aherne. 1996b. Villus height and crypt depth in piglets in response to increases in the intake of cows' milk after weaning. J. Anim. Sci. 62:145-158 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800014429
- Roediger, W. E. 1980. Role of anaerobic bacteria in the metabolic welfare of the colonic mucosa in man. Gut 21:793-798 https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.21.9.793
- Scheppach, W., J. G. Muller, F. Boxberger, G. Dusel, F. Richter, H. P. Bartram, S. U. Christl, C. E. Dempfle and H. Kasper. 1997. Histological changes in the colonic mucosa following irrigation with short-chain fatty acids. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 9:163-168 https://doi.org/10.1097/00042737-199702000-00010
- Schroder, O., S. Hess, W. F. Caspary and J. Stein. 1999. Mediation of differentiating effects of butyrate on the intestinal cell line Caco-2 by transforming growth factor-beta 1. Eur. J. Nutr. 38:45-50 https://doi.org/10.1007/s003940050045
- Shinzato, I., S. Chen, H. Yen, D. Lee, Y. Cheng, F. Wu and H. Sato. 2003. Effect of dietary glutamine supplement on performance and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 16:1770-1776 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2003.1770
- Souba, W. W., V. S. Klimberg and D. A. Plumley. 1990. The role of glutamine in maintaining a healthy gut and supporting the metabolic response to injury and infecction. J. Surg. Res. 48:383-391 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4804(90)90080-L
- SPSS Inc. 1993. SPSS for Windows Base System User's Guide Release 6.0. SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL
- van Beers-Schreurs, H. G. M. 1996. The changes in the function of the large intestine of weaned pigs. Ph.D. thesis. Univ. of Utrecht, The Netherlands
- von Engelhardt, W., J. Bartels, S. Kirschberger, H. D. Meyer zu Düttingdorf and R. Busche. 1998. Role of short-chain fatty acids in the hindgut. Vet. Q. 20:S52-S59 https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.1998.9694970
- Wu, G. and D. A. Knabe. 1994. Free and protein-bound amino acids in sow's colostrum and milk. J. Nutr. 124:415-424
- Wu, G., S. A. Meier and D. A. Knabe. 1996. Dietary glutamine supplementation prevents jejunal atrophy in weaned pigs. J. Nutr. 126:2578-2584
- Zhang, J. M., Z. C. Gao, L. D. Wang, Y. X. Jiang and Q. Zhang. 2001. Effect of dietary glutamine supplementation on intestinal enzymes of early-weaned piglets. Acta Zoonutrimenta Sinica 13, 18-23
- Zhang, J. M. and Z. C. Gao. 2002. Effectof glutamine supplementation on intestinal mucosa protein, DNA and mucosa morphology of early-weaned piglets. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 35:1264-1268
- Zijlstra, R. T., K. -Y. Whang, R. A. Easter and J. Odle. 1996. Effect of feeding a milk replacer to early weaned pigs on growth, body composition, and small intestinal morphology, compared with suckled littermates. J. Anim. Sci. 74:2948-2959
Cited by
- Effects of Chitosan on Body Weight Gain, Growth Hormone and Intestinal Morphology in Weaned Pigs vol.26, pp.10, 1970, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2013.13085
- Gastrointestinal health and function in weaned pigs: a review of feeding strategies to control post-weaning diarrhoea without using in-feed antimicrobial compounds vol.97, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2012.01284.x
- Dietary supplementation with tributyrin alleviates intestinal injury in piglets challenged with intrarectal administration of acetic acid vol.111, pp.10, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514000038
- Effect of Polysaccharides from Acanthopanax senticosus on Intestinal Mucosal Barrier of Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide Challenged Mice vol.29, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.15.0534
- Fatty acids, inflammation and intestinal health in pigs vol.6, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-015-0040-1
- Effects of supplementing a milk replacer with sodium butyrate or tributyrin on performance and metabolism of Holstein calves vol.56, pp.11, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1071/AN14930
- Glutamate alleviates intestinal injury, maintains mTOR and suppresses TLR4 and NOD signaling pathways in weanling pigs challenged with lipopolysaccharide vol.8, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33345-7
- Flaxseed Oil Attenuates Intestinal Damage and Inflammation by Regulating Necroptosis and TLR4/NOD Signaling Pathways Following Lipopolysaccharide Challenge in a Piglet Model vol.62, pp.9, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201700814
- vol.50, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13954
- Effects of Diets Supplemented with Recombinant Epidermal Growth Factor and Glutamine on Gastrointestinal Tract Development of Early-weaned Piglets vol.21, pp.4, 2008, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2008.70181
- Dietary Bovine Colostrum Increases Villus Height and Decreases Small Intestine Weight in Early-weaned Pigs vol.21, pp.4, 2006, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2008.70491
- Chinese Medicine Granule Affects the Absorption and Transport of Glucose in Porcine Small Intestinal Brush Border Membrane Vesicles under Heat Stress vol.22, pp.2, 2006, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2009.80358
- Dietary L-arginine Supplementation Improves Intestinal Function in Weaned Pigs after an Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide Challenge vol.22, pp.12, 2006, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2009.90100
- Effect of Tributyrin Supplementation in Diet on Production Performance and Gastrointestinal Tract of Healthy Nursery Pigs vol.15, pp.11, 2006, https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2016.954.962
- Tributyrin‐supplemented high‐soya bean meal diets of juvenile black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii: Study on growth performance and intestinal morphology and structure vol.51, pp.1, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14355
- From Acidifiers to Intestinal Health Enhancers: How Organic Acids Can Improve Growth Efficiency of Pigs vol.10, pp.1, 2006, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10010134
- Effects of butyrate glycerides supplementation in high soybean meal diet on growth performance, intestinal morphology and antioxidative status of juvenile black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii vol.26, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12984
- Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Combination of Tributyrin and Essential Oil on Gut Health and Microbiota of Weaned Piglets vol.10, pp.2, 2006, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020180
- Effect of tributyrin supplementation in high‐soya bean meal diet on growth performance, body composition, intestine morphology and microbiota of juvenile yellow drum (Nibea albiflora) vol.51, pp.5, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14552
- Encapsulation of tributyrin with whey protein isolate (WPI) by spray-drying with a three-fluid nozzle vol.281, pp.None, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.109992
- Implications of Tributyrin on Gut Microbiota Shifts Related to Performances of Weaning Piglets vol.9, pp.3, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030584
- Supplementation of tributyrin, alone and in combination with fructooligosaccharide in high soybean meal diets for shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): Effects on growth, innate immunity and intestinal morph vol.27, pp.2, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.13209
- Effects of soft pellet creep feed on pre-weaning and post-weaning performance and intestinal development in piglets vol.34, pp.4, 2006, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.20.0034
- Encapsulated Mixture of Methyl Salicylate and Tributyrin Modulates Intestinal Microbiota and Improves Growth Performance of Weaned Piglets vol.9, pp.6, 2006, https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061342
- Dietary supplementation of tributyrin improved the growth, feed utilization and intestinal histology of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) vol.27, pp.6, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.13336