DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Feeding Turkey Poults with Starter Feed and Whole Wheat or Maize in Free Choice Feeding System: Its Effects on Their Performances

  • Erener, G. (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ondokuz Mayis) ;
  • Ocak, N. (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ondokuz Mayis) ;
  • Garipoglu, A.V. (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ondokuz Mayis) ;
  • Sahin, A. (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mustafa Kemal) ;
  • Ozturk, E. (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ondokuz Mayis)
  • Received : 2005.03.10
  • Accepted : 2005.07.05
  • Published : 2006.01.01

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the effects of free choice feeding of starter feed and whole cereals on the growth of turkey poults. Two hundred-seventy poults (7-d old) were divided into 3 treatment groups each with 3 replications containing 15 males and 15 females. Control poults (C) were fed only on starter feed (280 g CP and 11.7 MJ ME/kg). Treatments for choice-fed turkey poults were offered a choice of a starter feed and wheat (120 g CP and 12.3 MJ ME/kg) for wheat selecting (WS) or maize (83 g CP and 13.9 MJ ME/kg) for maize selecting (MS) group in separate feeders. Final live weight (2,280.7 g for the C vs. 2,374.3 and 2,324.6 g for the WS and MS), daily gain (39.21 g vs. 40.87 and 39.99 g) and total feed intake (95.2 g vs. 103.2 and 97.9 g) in the WS poults were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of the C group, but feed conversion ratio was not significantly different between the treatments. The proportional intakes of cereals vs. total feed intake were 11% in both the WS and MS group. The amount of protein intake in the C group (280 g CP/kg diet) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in WS and MS groups (263 and 259 g CP/kg diet, respectively) whilst the ME intake in the C group (11.7 MJ/kg diet) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that in MS group (11.9 MJ/kg diet). Our results showed that turkey poults fed starter feed and whole wheat in a free choice feeding system have a higher efficiency in terms of daily gain, final live weight, and an economic advantage may be obtained from free choice feeding due to a reduced protein intake and feed cost.

Keywords

References

  1. Bennett, C. D., H. L. Classen and C. Riddell. 2002. Feeding broiler chickens wheat and barley diets containing whole, ground and pelleted grain. Poult. Sci. 81:995-1003 https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/81.7.995
  2. Classen, H. L. and C. D. Bennett. 1996. Whole wheat and high wheat diets for turkey toms. Final Report, British Columbia, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, February 22, Canada, pp. 1-17
  3. Cumming, R. B. 1987. The effect of dietary fibre and choice feeding on coccidiosis in chickens. Proceedings of the 4th AAAP Animal Science Congress, Hamilton, New Zealand, 216
  4. Cumming, R. B. 1994. Opportunities for whole grain feeding. Proceedings World's Poultry Science Association Congress (9th European Poultry Conference) 2:219-222
  5. Erener, G., N. Ocak, E. Ozturk and A. Ozdas. 2003. Effect of different choice feeding methods based on whole wheat on performance of male broiler chickens. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 106:131-138 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(03)00008-7
  6. Glatz, P. C. 2000. Beak trimming methods-a review. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 13:1619-1637 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2000.1619
  7. Forbes, J. M. and M. Covasa. 1995. Application of diet selection by poultry with particular reference to whole cereals. World's Poult. Sci. J. 51:149-165 https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS19950010
  8. Hughes, B. O. 1984. The principles underlying choice feeding behaviour in fowls-with special reference to production experiments. World's Poult. Sci. J. 40:141-150 https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS19840012
  9. Jin, Shi-Hou., A. Corless and J. L. Sell. 1998. Digestive system development in post-hatch poultry. World's Poult. Sci. J. 54:335-345 https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS19980023
  10. Kaufman, L. W., G. H. Collier and R. L. Squibb. 1978. Selection of an adequate protein- carbohydrate ratio by the domestic chick. Physiol. Behav. 20:339-344 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(78)90229-9
  11. Kutlu, H. R. and E. Karakozak. 1999. Effects of whole wheat feeding and its application methods on broiler performance. Proceedings of the 12th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, Veldhoven, The Netherlands, 264-265
  12. Men, B. X., B. Ogle and J. E. Lindberg. 2001. Effect of choice feeding on the nutrient intake and performance of broiler ducks. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 14:1728-1733 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2001.1728
  13. Miao, Z. H., P. C. Glatz and Y. J. Ru. 2005. Free-range poultry production. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 18:113-132 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.113
  14. National Research Council. 1994. Nutrient requirements of poultry (9th rev. ed). National Academy Press, Washington DC., USA
  15. Noble, D. O. and K. E. Nestor. 1997. Beak trimming of turkeys. 2. Effects of arc beak trimming on weight gain, feed intake, feed wastage, and feed conversion. Poult. Sci. 76:668-670 https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/76.5.668
  16. Olver, M. and A. Jonker. 1997. Effect of choice feeding on the performance of broiler. Br. Poult. Sci. 38:571-576 https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669708418038
  17. Rose, S. P. 1996. The use of whole wheat in poultry diets. (Short Papers) World's Poult. Sci. J. 52:59-60 https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS19960006
  18. Rose, S. P., A. Burnett and R. A. Elmajeed. 1986. Factors affecting the diet selection of choice-fed broilers. Br. Poult. Sci. 27:215- 224 https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668608416874
  19. Sahin, A. 1999. Diet selection for protein by chickens subjected to metabolic manipulations. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Leeds, UK
  20. Sahin, A., H. Yildirim, S. Kaya, S. Canogulları and M. Baylan. 2001. Selection of whole wheat by broiler chickens in semicommercial experimental conditions. Hayv. Uret. 42:8-20
  21. Shariatmadari, F. and J. M. Forbes. 1993. Growth and food intake responses to diets of different protein contents and choice between diets containing two concentrations of protein in broiler and layer strains of chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 34:959-970 https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669308417656
  22. SPSS 10.00 Computer Software (1999) SPSS Inc, Headquarters, 233 s., Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606
  23. Zulkifli, I., H. S. I. Rahayu, A. R. Alimon, M. K. Vidyadaran and S. A. Babjee. 2001. Responses of choice-fed red jungle fowl and commercial broiler chickens offered a complete diet, corn and soybean. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 14:1758-1762 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2001.1758

Cited by

  1. Whole grain in turkey nutrition. Part 2: Production results in different feeding systems vol.72, pp.3, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0043933916000519