Fabrication of Two-Layered $Al-B_4C$ Composites by Conventional Hot Pressing Uuder Nitrogen Atmosphere and Their Characterization

  • Bedir Fevzi (Suleyman Demirel University Department of Mechanical Engineering)
  • 발행 : 2006.07.01

초록

In this study, we describe the conventional hot pressing (CHP) of layered $Al-B_4C$ composites and their characterization. The matrix alloy Al-5 wt.%Cu was prepared from elemental powder mixtures. The metal and B4C powders were mixed to produce either $Al-Cu-10vol.%B_4C$ or $Al-Cu-30vol.%B_4C$ combinations. Then, these powder mixtures were stacked as layers in the hot pressing die to form a two-layered composite. Hot pressing was carried out under nitrogen atmosphere to produce $30\times40\times5mm$ specimens. Microstructural features and age hardening characteristics of composites were determined by specimens cut longitudinally. The flexural strength of both layered composites and their monolithic counterparts were investigated via three point bending tests. In the case of layered specimens of both $10vol.%B_4C$ and $30vol.%B_4C$ containing layers were loaded for three-point test. The results show that a homogeneous distribution of $B_4C$ particles in the matrix alloy which is free of pores, can be obtained by CHP method. The ageing behavior of the composites was found to be influenced by the reinforced materials, i.e. higher hardness values were reached in 8 hrs for the composites than that for the matrix alloy. Flexural strength test showed that two-layered composites exhibited improved damage tolerance depending on layer arrangement. Microstructural investigation of the fracture surfaces of the bending specimens was performed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM). While layer with lower reinforcement content exhibited large plastic deformation under loading, the other with higher reinforcement content exhibited less plastic deformation.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Alonso, A., Pamies, A., Narciso, J., Garcia-Cordovilla, C. and Louis, E., 1993, 'Evaluation of The Wettability of Liquid Aluminum with Ceramics Particulates (SiC, TiC, $AI_2O_3$) by Means of Pressure Infiltration,' Metall. Trans, Vol. 24a, pp. 1423-1432
  2. Arslan, G., Janssen, R. and Claussen, N., 2005, 'Processing and Characterization of Three- Layer Alumina-Based Composites with Enhanced Damage Tolerance,' Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 25, pp. 3553-3561 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2004.09.016
  3. Bedir, F. and Ogel, B., 2002, 'Steak Preslenmis AI-TiC Kompozitlerin Uretimi ve Yaslandirma Isil Islemleri,' 3. Uluslarasi Toz metalurjisi Kongresi ; Bildiriler kitabi, Gazi Uni., Ankara, pp.928-934
  4. Bedir, F., Gungor, O. and Ogel, B., 2001, 'Conventional Hot Pressing Characteristics of Prepared from Aluminum and Copper Element Powder,' Int. Conf. on powder Met, Proceeding Book, New Orleans, USA, Vol. 9, pp. 35-41
  5. Bedir, F., Ogel, B. and Gurbuz, R., 2005, 'Age hardening Behaviors and Mechanical Strengths of AI-tic Composites Produced by Conventional Hot Pressing Method,' Metall, Vol. 59, No. 7-8, pp.459-462
  6. Chartier, T., Merle, D. and Besson, J. L., 1995, 'Laminar Ceramic Composites,' Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 16, pp. 101-107 https://doi.org/10.1016/0955-2219(95)93055-8
  7. Choi, N. S., Cho, N., Takahashi, K. and Kurokawa, M., 2002, 'Layered Morphology and Bending Fracture Behavior of Moulded Composites of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymer And Polyamide 6 Containing Epoxy Component,' Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 323, pp.467-477 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01737-3
  8. Da Silva, A. A. M., Dos Santos, J. F. and Strohaecker, T. R., 2005, 'Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of A Ti6AI4V/TiC/10p Composite Processed By The BE-CHIP Method,' Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 65, pp. 1749-1755 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.03.005
  9. Das, T., Munroe, P. R. and Bandyopadhyay, S., 1996, 'Effect of $Al_2O_3$ Particulates on the Precipitation Behavior of 6061 Aluminum-Matrix Composites,' Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 31, No. 20, pp.5351-5361 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01159304
  10. Harris, S. J., 1988, 'Cast Metal Matrix Composites,' Materials Science And Technology, Vol. 4, No.3, pp.231-239 https://doi.org/10.1179/026708388790330024
  11. Howes, M. A. H., 1986, 'Ceramic-Reinforced MMC Fabricated By Squeeze Casting,' JOM, Vol. 38, pp. 28-29
  12. Ibrahim, I. A., Mohamad, F. A. and Laverni, E. J., 1991, 'Particulate Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites-A Review,' Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 26, pp. 1137 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00544448
  13. Ivasishin, O. M., Savvakin, D. G., Moxson, V. S. and Bondareval, K. A., Froes, F. H. S., 2002, 'Titanium Powder Metallurgy for Automotive Components,' Materials Technology, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp.20-25 https://doi.org/10.1080/10667857.2002.11752959
  14. Kanetake, N., Nomura, M. and Choh, T., 1994, 'In Situ Sem Observation on Microscopic Deformation of Particle Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites,' Journal of Japan Institute of Metals, Vol. 58, pp. 1073-1079 https://doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.58.9_1073
  15. Kang, C. G., Leeb, J. H., Younc, S. H. and Oh, J. K., 2005, 'An Estimation of Three-Dimensional Finite Element Crystal Geometry Model for The Strength Prediction of Particle-Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites,' Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 166, pp. 173-182 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.08.011
  16. Kawamura, Y., Hayashi, K., Inoue, A. and Masumoto, T., 2002, 'Rapidly Solidified Powder Metallurgy Magnesium Alloys With Novel Mechanical Properties,' Materials Science Forum, Vol. 386, pp. 529-534 https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.386-388.529
  17. Kaya, G., 1999, 'Mechanical Properties of PM AI-SiC Composites Produced by Conventional Hot-Pressing Method,' A thesis submitted to The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Middle East Technical University, Turkey
  18. Kevorkijan, M. V., 1998, 'MMC's for Automotive Applications,' The American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 11, pp. 53-59
  19. Kim, S. W., Lee, U. J., Han, S. W., Kim, D. K., Ogi, K., 2003, 'Heat Treatment and Wear Characteristics of $Al/SiC_p$ Composites Fabricated by Duplex Process,' Composite Part: B, Engineering, Vol.34, pp.737-745 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-8368(03)00081-7
  20. Kim, S. W., Woo, K. D. and Han, S. W., 1994, 'A Study on Fabrication Conditions of $Al/SiC_p$ Composites By Squeeze Casting,' Journal of Korean Foundrymen's Society, Korean Foundrymen's Society Pubs, Vol. 14, pp.471-479
  21. Lloyd, D. J., 1994, 'Particle Reinforced Aluminium and Magnesium Matrix Composites,' International Materials Reviews, Vol. 39, No.1, pp.1-23 https://doi.org/10.1179/095066094790150982
  22. Lugovya, M., Orlovskaya, N., Berroth, K. and Kuebler, J., 1999, 'Microstructural Engineering of Ceramic-Matrix Layered Composites,' Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 59, pp. 1429-1437 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(98)00183-3
  23. Monastyrsky, G.E., Odnosum, V., Van Humbeeck, J., Kolomytsev, V. I. and Koval Yu, N., 2002, 'Powder Metallurgical Processing of Ni-Ti-Zr Alloys Undergoing Martensitic Transformation Part I,' Intermetallics, Vol. 10, No.1, pp.95-103 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-9795(01)00115-7
  24. Moustafa, S. F., Abdel-Hamid, Z. and Abd-Elhay, A. M., 2002, 'Copper Matrix SiC And $Al_2O_3$ Particulate Composites by Powder Metallurgy Technique,' Materials Letters, Vol. 53, pp. 244-249 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(01)00485-2
  25. Nitsham, A. E., 1997, 'New Applications For Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Composites,' Light Metal Age, Vol. 54, pp. 25-31
  26. Rabiei, A., Enoki, M. and Kishi, T., 2000, 'A Study on Fracture Behavior of Particle Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites By Using Acoustic Emission Source Characterization,' Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 293, pp.81-87 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01218-1
  27. Radhakrishna Bhat, B. V., Subramanyam, J. and Bhanu Prasad, V. V., 2002, 'Preparation of Ti-TiB-TiC & Ti-TiB Composites By In-Situ Reaction Hot Pressing,' Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 325, pp. 126-130 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01412-5
  28. Ramesh, K. C. and Sagar, R., 1999, 'Fabrication of Metal Matrix Composite Automotive Parts,' International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 15, pp. 114-118 https://doi.org/10.1007/s001700050047
  29. Sahin, Y. and Acilar, M., 2003, 'Production and Properties of $SiC_p$-Reinforced Aluminium Alloy Composites,' Composites Part A, Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 34, No.8, pp.709-718 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(03)00142-8
  30. Salvador, M. D., Amigo, V., Martinez, N., Busquets, D. J., 2003, 'Microstructure and Mechanical Behaviour of A1-Si-Mg Alloys Rein-forced with Ti-Al Intermetallics,' Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 143-144, pp.605-611 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(03)00440-0
  31. Seyed Reihani, S. M., 2006, 'Processing of Squeeze Cast A16061-30vol.% SiC Composites and Their Characterization,' Materials and Design, Vol. 27, pp.216-222 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2004.10.016
  32. Sherman, D., 1998, 'The Mechanical Behavior of Layered Brazed Metal/Ceramic Composites,' Materials Letters, Vol. 33, pp.255-260 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(97)00116-X
  33. Soma Raju, K., Bhanu Prasad, V. V., Rodrakshi, G. B. and Ojha, N., 2003, 'PM Processing of $Al_2O_3$ Composites and Their Characterization,' Powder Metall, Vol. 46, No.3, pp.219 https://doi.org/10.1179/003258903225008553
  34. Suresh, K. R., Niranjan, H. B., Martin Jebaraj, P. and Chowdiah, M. P., 2003, 'Tensile and Wear Properties of Aluminum Composites,' Wear, Vol. 255, No. 1-6, pp. 638-642 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(03)00292-8
  35. Vinicius, A. R. H., Cesar, E. B. and Cosme, R. M. S., 2001, 'Production of Ti-6%Al-7%Nb Alloy By Powder Metalurjy (P/M),' Journal of Material Processing Technology, Vol. 118, pp.212-215 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(01)00873-1
  36. Yong-Ming, L., Wei, P., Shu Qin, L., Jian, C., Rui Gang, W. and Jian Qiang, L., 2002, 'Mechanical Properties And Microstructure of a $Si_3N_4/Ti_3SiC_2$ Multilayer Composite,' Ceramics International, Vol. 28, No.2, pp. 223-226 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-8842(01)00082-7