The Protective Effects of Phenolic Constituents from Gastrodia elata on the Cytotoxicity Induced by KCI and Glutamate

  • Huang, Zhan-Bo (School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) ;
  • Wu, Zhe (School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) ;
  • Chen, Fa-Kui (School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) ;
  • Zou, Li-Bo (School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University)
  • Published : 2006.11.30

Abstract

Seven phenolic compounds (1-7) were isolated from the tubers of Gastrodia elata. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of MS and NMR spectral data. p-Ethoxymethyl phenyl-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (1) was proved to be a new compound, with N-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-adenosine (7) isolated from this plant for the first time. In this study, the protective effects of the six constituents (1-6) on PC12 cells against the cytotoxicity induced by KCI and glutamate were also investigated. The viability of the PC12 cells was significantly enhanced by pretreatment with the six phenolic constituents.

Keywords

References

  1. Andersson, M., Bergendorff, O., Nielsen, M., Sterner, O., Witt, R., Ai, J. L., Liu, A. P., and Wang, A. M., Inhibition of kainic acid binding to glutamate receptors by extracts of Gastrodia. Phytochemistry, 38, 835-836 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00771-K
  2. Ha, J. H., Lee, D. U., Lee, J. T., Kim, J. S., Yong, C. S., Kim, J. A., Ha, J. S., and Huh, K., 4-Hydroxybenxaldehyde from Gastrodia elata Bl. is active in the antioxidation and GABAergic neuromodulation of the rat brain. J. Ethnopharmacol., 73, 329-333 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00313-5
  3. Hayashi, J., Sekine, T., Deguchi, S., Lin, Q., Horie, S., Tsuchiya, S., Yano, S., Watanabe, K., and Ikegami, F., Phenolic compounds from Gastrodia rhizome and relaxant effects of related compounds no isolated smooth muscle preparation. Phytochemistry, 59, 513-519 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00008-0
  4. Hsieh, C. L., Tang, N. Y., Chiang, S. Y., Hsieh, C. T., and Lin, J. G., Anticonvulsive and free radical scavenging actions of two herbs, Uncaria rhynchophyllia (MIQ) Jacks and Gastrodia elata Bl., in kainic acid-treated rats. Life sci., 65, 2071-2082 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00473-7
  5. Huang, N. K., Lin, Y. L., Chen, J. J., and Lai, W. L., Gastrodia elata prevents rat pheochromocytoma cells from serumdeprived apoptosis: the role of the MAPK family. Life sci., 75, 1649-1657 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2004.05.008
  6. Huang, Z. B., Song, D. M., and Chen, F. K., Study on chemical constituents isolated from Gastrodia elata Bl. Chinese Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 15, 227-229 (2005)
  7. Huh, K., Yi, S. J., Shin, U. S., and Park, J. M., Effect of the ether of Gastrodia elata methanol extract on the pentylenetetrazoleinduced seizures. Journal of Applied pharmacology, 3,199-204 (1995)
  8. Jung, J. W., Yoon, B. H., Oh, H. R., Ahn, J. H., Kim, S. Y., Park, S. Y., and Ryu, J. H., Anxiolytic-like effects of Gastrodia elata and its phenolic constituents in mice. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 29, 261-265 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.29.261
  9. Kim, H. J., Moon, K. D., Lee, D. S., and Lee, S. H., Ethyl ether fraction of Gastrodia elata Blume protects amyloid beta peptide-induced cell death. J. Ethnopharmacol., 84, 95-98 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00290-8
  10. Kim, H. J., Moon, K. D., Oh, S. Y., Kim, S. P., and Lee, S. R., Ethyl ether fraction of methanol extracts of Gastrodia elata, a traditional medicinal herb, protects against kainic acidinduced neuronal damage in the mouse hippocampus. Neurosci. Lett., 314, 65-68 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(01)02296-0
  11. Lee, Y. S., Ha, J. H., Yong, C. S., Lee, D. U., Huh, K., Kang, Y. S., Lee, S. H., Jung, M. W., and Kim, J. A., Inhibitory effects of constituents of Gastrodia elata Bl. on glutamate-induced apoptosis in IMR-32 human neuroblastoma cells. Arch. Pharm. Res., 22, 404 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02979066
  12. Liu, J. and Mori, A., Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Gastrodia elata Bl. and Unicaria rhynchophylla (MIQ) Jacks. Neuropharmacology, 31, 1287-1298 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3908(92)90058-W
  13. Liu, J. and Mori, A., Antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of phydroxybenzyl alcohol and vanillin: effects on free radicals, brain peroxidation and degradation of benzoate, deoxyribose, amino acids and DNA. Neuropharmacology, 32, 659 (1993) https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3908(93)90079-I
  14. Sun, X. F., Wang, W., Wang, D. Q., and Du, G. Y., Research progress of neuroprotective mechanisms of Gastrodia elata and its preparation. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 29, 292- 295 (2004)
  15. Wu, H. Q., Xie, L., Jin, X. N., Ge, Q., Jin, H., and Liu, G. Q., The effect of Vanillin on the fully amygdale-kindled seizures in the rat. Yao Xue Xue Bao, 24, 482-486 (1989)
  16. Wu, C. R., Hsieh, M. T., Huang, S. C., Peng, W. H., Chang, Y. S., and Chen, C. F., Effects of Gastrodia elata and its active constituents on scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats. Planta medica., 62, 317-321 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957892
  17. Va ková, R., Gaudinová, A., Süssenbeková, H., Dobrev, P., Strnad, M., Holík, J., and Lenfeld, J., Comparison of oriented and random antibody immobilization in immunoaffinity chromatography of cytokinins. J. Chromato. A., 811, 77-84 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00210-6
  18. Yu, D. S., Duan, Y. L., Bao, Y. M., Wei, C. L., and An, L. J., Isoflavonoids from Astragalus mongholicus protect PC12 cells from toxicity induced by L-glutamate. J. Ethnopharmacol., 98, 89-94 (2005a) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.12.027
  19. Yu, S. J., Kim, J. R., Lee, C. K., Han, J. E., Lee, J. H., Kim, H. S., Hong, J. H., and Kang, S. G., Gastrodia elata Blume and an Active component, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol reduce focal ischemic brain injury through antioxidant related gene expressions. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 28, 1016-1020 (2005b) https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.28.1016
  20. Yu, D. Q. and Yang J. S., Hand book of analytical chemistry (The Seventh Volume). Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 7, 908 (1999)
  21. Zhou, J., Yang, Y. B., and Pu, X. Y., The phenolic compounds of fresh Gastrodia elata blume. Yunnan Zhi Wu Yan Jiu, 2, 370- 374 (1980)