DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of the Supply of Natural Water from Deep Sea Rock on the Immune Response and Antioxidant Activity in Rats

천연 암반 심해수 공급이 흰쥐의 면역반응 및 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향

  • 정수진 (국립한경대학교 낙농과학과) ;
  • 주은정 (국립한경대학교 낙농과학과) ;
  • 유지영 (국립한경대학교 낙농과학과) ;
  • 김윤경 (국립한경대학교 낙농과학과) ;
  • 조용진 (진해개발(주)) ;
  • 윤병선 (국립한경대학교 낙농과학과) ;
  • 조진국 (국립한경대학교 낙농과학과) ;
  • 남기택 (국립한경대학교 낙농과학과) ;
  • 황성구 (국립한경대학교 낙농과학과)
  • Published : 2006.04.30

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of the natural deep sea water, which contained approximately 2.3% salt, and various minerals of K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu etc, on the immune response and antioxidant activity in rats. 24 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allotted to a control group and 3 treatment groups. Control rats were supplied with filtered tap water, and each treatment group rats were supplied with 0.5% deep sea water, 1% deep sea water and Jijangsoo, respectively, which is upper clear water separated from sediment by the clay. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the experiment that lasted for 4 weeks. The results showed that 1% deep sea water group showed the highest values in weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency than those of other groups. The levels of water intake of 1%- and 0.5%-deep sea water, and Jijangsoo group were 49.1%, 22.8%, and 40.5% higher than that of control group, respectively. The Jijangsoo group rats showed that perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue weights were decreased by 32% and 25%(p<0.05), respectively, when compared to control group rats. There were no remarkable differences of serum glucose concentration among all experimental groups. However, insulin concentration of experimental groups were remarkably increased in order of Jijangsoo (4.54), 1% deep sea water (3.70), 0.5% deep sea water (3.25)(p<0.05). B cell and T cell stimulation were increased about 44.7% and 207%, respectively, by 0.5% deep sea water in comparison with control (p<0.05). TBARS values of 0.5 % deep sea water group were significantly lower than that of control(p<0.05). Catalase and SOD activities of 0.5 % deep sea water group were 200% and 47% higher than that of control, respectively. From the results, it can be concluded that the supply of natural deep sea water can slightly improve the physiological activity which modulates immune response and antioxidant activity in rats.

본 연구에서는 천연 암반심해수를 가축 음용수로 개발하고자 2.3% 염분을 함유하고, 칼륨(K), 마그네슘(Mg), 칼슘(Ca), 나트륨(Na), 철(Fe), 망간(Mn), 아연(Zn), 구리(Cu) 등의 광물질을 함유한 암반심해수를 0.5% 및 1%로 희석하여 흰쥐에 공급하며 면역 반응과 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 공시동물로 Sprague Dawley종의 수컷 흰쥐 24마리를 6마리 씩 대조군과 3개의 처리군으로 임의 배치하고, 대조군은 정제수를 급여하였고 처리군은 각각 0.5% 암반심해수, 1% 암반심해수, 지장수를 공급하여 4주 동안 사육하였다. 실험 결과, 1%의 암반수의 경우가 증체량 및 사료섭취량, 사료효율이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 총음수량은 대조군 보다 0.5% 암반심해수의 경우는 49%, 1% 암반심해수는 22.8%, 지장수는 40.5% 가량 더 많은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 각 조직무게의 경우, 지장수군의 신장주위지방과 정소상체지방은 각각 32%, 25% 적은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). B 세포와 T 세포 자극능은 처리군중에서 0.5% 암반심해수 급여군이 가장 높아 대조군보다 44.7%와 207% 증가한 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 또 0.5% 암반심해수가 혈청 내 triglyceride는 4%, Free fatty acid는 4%, LDL- cholesterol은 45.9% 감소시키는 등 지질성분 변화에 가장 긍정적인 효과를 나타내었다. 항산화 활성의 경우 TBARS의 양은 0.5% 암반심해수는 21.8%, 1% 암반심해수는 34.7%, 지장수는 20.8% 정도 감소하였다. catalase 활성은 0.5% 암반심해수가 약 2.9배, 지장수가 약 1.6배 증가하였으며, Cu/Zn SOD 활성은 0.5% 암반심해수,가 약 1.5배, 1% 암반심해수가 약 1.7배 ,지장수가 약 1.2배 증가하였으며, MnSOD 활성은 모든 처리군이 대조군에 비해 약간 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 가축에 0.5% 암반심해수의 급여는 LDL 콜레스테롤의 농도가 감소되고, 면역 활성 및 항산화효소 활성이 높아지는 등 고급 축산물생산의 음용수로 유익할 것으로 고찰되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Adams, D. S. and Hamilton. T. A. 1984. The cell biology of macrophage activation. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2:283-318 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.iy.02.040184.001435
  2. Buege, A. J. and Aust, S. D. 1978. Microsomal lipid peroxidation, In Methods in Enzymology. Gleischer, S and Parker, L.(eds), Vol. 52, Academic Press Inc., NY, pp. 302-310
  3. Ding, A. H., Nathan, C. F. and Stuehr, D. J. 1988. Release of reactive nitrogen intermediates from mouse peritoneal macrophages. J. Immunol. 141:2407-2412
  4. Dolgushin, I. I., Kolesnikov, O. L., Selianina, G. A. and Mezentseva, E. A. 2000. An evaluation of the effect of sodium bicarbonate-chloride mineral water on the rat immune system. Vlasov AA. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 4: 13-14
  5. Duncan, D. B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics. 11:1 https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478
  6. Fusiwara, S., Y. Kato, O, Hirota, T. and Makazato, H. 1990. Immunopotentiating effects of B. longum SBT 2928 showing mitogenic activity in vitro. J. Jpn Soc Nutr. Food Sci. 43:327-333 https://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.43.327
  7. Halkworth, G., Moseley, L., Carter, K. and Worwood, M. 2003. Iron absorption from Spatone (a natural mineral water) for prevention of iron deficiency in pregnancy, Clin Sab Heamtol. 25(4): 227-231
  8. Hibbs, J. B., Taintor, R. R., Vavrin, I. and Rachlin, W. M. 1988. Nitric oxide: A cytotoxic activated macrophage effector molecule. Biochem. Biophys. Res. commun. 157:87-92 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(88)80015-9
  9. Keller, R., Geiges, M. and Keist, R. 1992. Larginine dependent reactive nitrogen intermediates as mediators of tumor cell killing activated macrophages. Cancer Res. 50: 142-1425
  10. KIimetzek., V. and Temold, H. G. 1980. The murine bone marrow macrophage. a sensitive indicator cell for murine migration inhibitory factor and a new method for their harvest. Cell lrnmunol, 53: 237-266
  11. Kolesnikov, O. L., Selianina, G. A., Dolgushin, I. I. and Kolesnikova, A. A. 2002. The question of mechanisms of the immunotropic effect of mineral drinking waters. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. (3):15-17
  12. Kuthan, H., Haussmann. H. J. and Werringloer. J. 1986. A spectrophotometric assay for superoxide dismutase activities in crude tissue fractions. Biochem J. 237(1): 175 - 180 https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2370175
  13. Miah. M. R. 1994. Prob, of indus. Wat. Treat. and boil. Wat. Condi. in Bangladesh, Ph.D. Thesis. Dhak. Univ. Dhaka. May
  14. SAS. 1996. SAS user's guide. Release 6.12 edition. SAS Institute. Inc., Cary, NC
  15. Sliverstein, S. and Unkeless, J. 1991. Innate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol. 3:47-57 https://doi.org/10.1016/0952-7915(91)90075-C
  16. Steneberg, P., Rubins, N., Bartoov-Shifman, R., Walker, M. D. and Edlund, H. 2005. The FFA receptor GPR40 links hyperinsulinemia, hepatic steatosis, and impaired glucose homeostasis in mouse. Cell Metab. 4:245-58
  17. Thomas, P. M. and Edginton, S. 1984. Hummam monocyte mediated tumor cytotoxictity. J. Immunol. 132:1980-1986
  18. Vladimirov, V. I., Laktionova, A. I. and Polushina, N. D. 2004. Drinking mineral waters in rehabilitation of cancer patients. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 4:16-19
  19. Weir. D. M. 1986. Handbook of experimental immunology. Vol 1 & 11. 4th ed. Oxford. Blackwell Scientific
  20. Wood, P. D., Haskell, W. L., Blair, S. N., Williams, P. T., Krauss, R. M., Lindgren, F. T., Albers, J. J., Ho, P. H. and Farguhar, J. W. 1983. Increased exercise level and plasma lipoprotein concentrations one-year randomized, controlled study in sedentary middle-aged men. Metabolism, 32:31-39 https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(83)90152-X
  21. Worwood, M., Evans, W. D., Vill is, R. J. and Burnett, A. K. 1996. Iron absorption from a natural mineral water(Spatone Iron Plus). Din Lab Heamatol. 18:23-27
  22. 丹羽勒負. 2002. 활성산소를 다스리면 무병장수 할 수 있다. 남원우 번역, 문예출판사
  23. 최세영, 정영진, 이순재. 2002. 현대인을 위한 식품과 건강. 동영사