The effect of local rifampicin instillation on the treatment of suppurative BCG lymphadenitis

BCG 접종에 따른 화농성 림프절염의 rifampicin 국소투여 효과

  • Kim, Min Son (Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Jo, Dae Sun (Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kang, Mi Kyung (Korean Institute of Tuberculosis) ;
  • Kim, Sang Jae (International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease) ;
  • Kim, Jung Soo (Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Chonbuk National University)
  • 김민선 (전북대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 조대선 (전북대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 강미경 (결핵연구원) ;
  • 김상재 (국제항결핵연맹) ;
  • 김정수 (전북대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실)
  • Received : 2005.08.04
  • Accepted : 2005.10.04
  • Published : 2006.01.15

Abstract

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the types of lymphadenitis after BCG vaccination and the effect of local rifampicin instillation on the treatment of suppurative BCG lymphadenitis. Methods : A total of 32 otherwise healthy infants with suppurative BCG lymphadenitis, who visited the Department of Pediatrics of Chonbuk National University Hospital, from March 2002 through June 2004, were enrolled in this study. They were treated with needle aspiration and local rifampicin instillation. We investigated the time the lymphadenitis took to be suppurative, accompanying clinical manifestations, and the treatment effects. Results : Of the 32 infants, 19 were male and 13 were female. They were full term babies and one preterm baby with a gestational age of 30 weeks. They received intradermal administration, with the BCG vaccine of $Pasteur^{(R)}$(French) strain mostly on the left deltoid area(96.9 percent). Regional lymphadenitis occurred in 1 to 11 months after BCG vaccination, mostly 1-5 months after vaccination (78.1 percent). Among the infants, 87.5 percent had unilocular lesion but 12.5 percent had more than one enlarged lymph node cares. Most of the lymphadenitis presented in the left axillary area(77.8 percent), and the left supuraclavicular area(11.1 percent). After one to three times of needle aspiration with rifampin instillation, all infants recovered completely without surgical excision or severe complication. Conclusion : The regional lymphadenitis is the most common complication in infants who receive intradermal BCG vaccination. This study supports that in suppurative BCG lymphadenitis the needle aspiration and local rifampicin instillation is very effective and can be a more economical treatment modality.

목 적 : BCG는 생균 백신이므로 국소궤양이나 림프절염은 물론 BCG균에 의한 전신감염도 보고되고 있다. 특히 BCG 접종 후 발생한 화농성 림프절염은 치료 방법이 명확하지 않은 상태이다. 저자들은 BCG 접종 후 발생한 화농성 림프절염의 양상과 그 치료 방법의 하나로 세침흡인 후 rifampicin 국소투여의 치료효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2002년 3월부터 2004년 6월까지 2년 3개월간 전북대학교병원 소아과에서 BCG 접종 후 화농성 림프절염이 발생한 32례의 환아를 대상으로 임상적 특징과 세침흡인 후 rifampicin 국소투여를 시행하고, 그 효과를 관찰하였다. 결 과 : 대상 환아는 32례였으며 남아가 19례(59.4%), 여아가 13례(40.6%)였다. 1례(재태연령 30주)를 제외하고 모두 정상 만삭아로 출생하였다. 접종받은 BCG 백신은 모두 French 균주 제품(대한결핵협회)이었고, BCG 접종장소는 보건소가 13례(40.6%)로 가장 많았고 그 외 개인의원이 4례, 종합병원이 2례, 대학 병원이 2례였다. 접종시기는 30례(93.8%)가 생후 4주 이내였으며, 모두 피내접종으로 접종부위는 오른쪽 엉덩이에 접종한 1례를 제외하고는 모두 좌측 삼각근(96.9%)에 접종하였다. 화농성 림프절염의 발생시기는 BCG 접종 후 1개월에서 10개월까지 다양하였으며 대부분 1-6개월 사이에 발생하였다(27례, 78.1%). 총 32례 중 28례(87.5%)에서 한 개의 림프절이 침범되었는데 발생한 위치로는 좌측 액와 림프절이 24례(75.0%)로 가장 많았고, 그 외 좌측 견갑부가 3례, 좌측 쇄골 상와 부위가 3례, 좌측 액와와 좌측 쇄골 상와 부위가 함께 발생한 1례, 우측 서혜부가 1례 있었다. 우측 서혜부에 발생한 경우는 우측 둔부에 접종을 받은 경우였다. 32례 중 4례(12.5%)에서 두개의 림프절이 침범되었는데 3례는 좌측 액와에서 발생하였고, 1례는 좌측 액와와 좌측 쇄골 상와 부위에서 동시에 발생하였다. 치료는 20 gauge의 주사기로 흡인한 후 rifampicin 용액(결핵연구원 : rifampicin 1 mg/mL)을 종창 내에 주입하였고. 치료 후 2-4주 간격으로 재치료의 필요성 및 치료효과를 관찰하였다. 치료결과 17례(53.1%)는 1회 투여로 완치되었으며, 13례(40.6%)는 2회, 2례(6.3%)는 3회 투여 후 별다른 부작용이나 후유증 없이 완치되었다. 결 론 : BCG 접종 후 발생한 화농성 림프절염은 병변이 진행되어 누공이 형성된 후에도 입원이나 전신마취 및 수술이 필요없이 세침흡인과 rifampicin 국소투여가 경제적이고 효과적으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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