Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회지)

Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회)
권호 표지

Effect of Chlorination on Disinfection Byproducts Production and Release of Microcystins from Bloom-forming Algae

녹조현상 원인조류들의 염소처리에 의한 소독부산물 생성 및 microcystins 유출

  • Park, Hae-Kyung (Han river Environmental Research Laboratory, National Institute of Environment Research) ;
  • Seo, Yong-Chan (Department of Environment Engineering, Sangji University) ;
  • Cho, Il-Hyung (Han river Environmental Research Laboratory, National Institute of Environment Research) ;
  • Park, Byung-Hwang (Department of Environment Engineering, Sangji University)
  • 박혜경 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 서용찬 (상지대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 조일형 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 박병황 (상지대학교 환경공학과)
  • Received : 2005.12.22
  • Accepted : 2006.03.02
  • Published : 2006.05.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The effect of chlorination on disinfection byproducts (DBPs) production from bloom-forming freshwater algae including 7 strains of cyanobacteria and 6 strains of diatoms was investigated. The release and degradation of hepatotoxin (microcystins) by the chlorination on Microcystis under differential condition of the chlorination time and dose were also investigated. The disinfection byproducts formation potentials (DBPFP) of cyanobacterial species and diatoms were ranged from 0.017 to $0.070{\mu}mol\;DBPs/mg$ C and from 0.129 to $0.708{\mu}mol\;DBPs/mg$ C respectively. Among three major groups of DBPs, haloacetonitrils (HANs) was major product in most test strains except Aphanizomenon sp. and Oscillatoria sp. Haloacetic acids (HAAs) was less than 5 % of total DBPs. Chloroform and dichloroacetonitril (DCAN) were dominant compounds in trihalomethanes (THMs) and HANs respectively. After 4 hours chlorination of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa under the dose range of 0.5 to $10mg\;Cl_2/L$, the concentration of intracellular microcystins decreased, but dissolved dissolved microcystins concentration increased with the treatment of more than $3mg\;Cl_2/L$. However the total amount of microcystins was almost constant even at $10mg\;Cl_2/L$ of chlorination. To conclude, our results indicate that the chlorination causes algal cell lysis and release of intracellular microcystins in the intact form to surrounding waters.

Keywords

References

  1. 금강수질검사소, 금강수계 상수원 수질조사, 11-1480141-000003-10 (2000)
  2. 금희정, 김준성, 정용, 녹조류(Chlamydomonas pulsatilla)에 의한 염소소독부산물 생성과 그 특성, 한국물환경학회지, 21(5), pp. 535-540 (2005)
  3. 낙동강물환경연구소, 낙동강의 조류발생 특성 및 제어방안 연구(II), NIER No. 2004-30-736 (2004)
  4. 박혜경, 임연택, 정현미, 김용석, 수질의 미생물학적 관리기법 연구 - 조류에 의한 정수처리장해 발생현황 및 대책 - 국립환경연구원보, 20, pp. 185-189 (1998)
  5. 박혜경, 정원화, 팔당호의 장기간 식물플랑크톤 발생 추이, 한국물환경학회지, 19, pp. 673-684 (2003)
  6. 박혜경, 진익렬, 류홍일, 류재근, Inamori, Y., Microcystis(Cyanobacteria) 분리주에서의 Microcystin (hepatotoxin) 생산에 관한 연구, 한국수질보전학회지, 12(1), pp. 29-34 (1996)
  7. 박혜경, 천세억, 박승익, 이문호, 유재근, 국내 주요댐호에 있어서의 계절별 조류종 천이, 한국수질보전학회지, 8(3), pp. 150-158 (1992)
  8. 연세대학교 환경공해연구소, 살균기법 및 부산물 제어기술, 환경부 (1997)
  9. APHA, AWWA, WPCF, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th ed., New York (1992)
  10. Berg, K., Skulberg, O. M. and Skulberg, R., Effects of Decaying Toxic Blue-green Algae on Water Quality - A Laboratory Study, Archiv. Hydrobiol., 108, pp. 49-563 (1987)
  11. Bull, R. J., Beier, J. R. and Robinson, M., Evaluation of Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Properties of Brominated and Chlorinated Acetonitriles: Byproducts of Chlorination, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 5, pp. 1065-1074 (1985) https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-0590(85)90142-3
  12. Carmichael, W. W., The Toxins of Cyanobacteria, Sci. American, 270(1), pp. 78-86 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0194-78
  13. Chorus, I. and Bartram, B., Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water - A Guide to Their Public Health Consequences, Monitoring and Management, pp. 155-179 Routledge, London (1999)
  14. Falconer, I. R., Runnegar, M. T. C., Buckley, T., Huyn, V. L. and Bradshaw, P., Using Activated Carbon to Remove Toxicity from Drinking Water Containing Cyanobacterial Blooms, J. Am. Water. Works Assoc., 81, pp. 102-105 (1989)
  15. Gorge, R. D., Contribution of Chlorination to the Mutagenic Activity of Drinking Water Extracts in Salmonella and Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells, Environ. Health Perspective, 69, pp. 81-87 (1986) https://doi.org/10.2307/3430374
  16. Harada, K-I., Matsuura, K., Suzuki, M., Oka, H., Watanabe, M. F., Oishi, S., Dahem, A. M., Beasley, V. R. and Carmichael, W. W., Analysis and Purification of Toxic Peptides from Cyanobacteria by Reversed Phase High Perfromance Liquid Chromatography, J. Chromat., 448, pp. 275-283 (1988) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84589-1
  17. Himberg, K., Keijola, A.-M., Hisvirta, L., Pyysalo, H. and Sivonen, K., The Effect of Water Treatment Processes on the Removal of Hepatotoxins from Microcystis and Oscilla toria Cyanobacteria: A Laboratory Study, Wat. Res., 23(8), pp. 979-984 (1989) https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(89)90171-1
  18. Jones, G. J. and Orr, P. T., Release and Degradation of Microcystin Following Acide Treatment of a Microcystis aeruginosa Bloom in a Recreational Lake, as Determined by HPLC and Protein Phosphatase Inhibition Assay, Wat. Res., 28(4), pp. 871-876 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(94)90093-0
  19. Keijola, A.-M., Himberg, K., Esala, A.-L., Sivonen, K. and Hiisvirta, L., Removal of Cyanobacterial Toxins in Water Treatment Processes : Laboratory and Pilot-scale Experiments, Toxic. Assess., 3, pp. 643-656 (1988) https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.2540030516
  20. Kiviranta, J., Sivonen, K., Lahti, K., Luukkainen, R. and Niemela, S. I., Production and Biodegradation of Cyanobacterial Toxins-A Laboratory study, Arch. Hydrobiol., 121, pp. 81-294 (1991)
  21. Manuel, J. R., Serodes, Jean-B. and Levallois, P., Behavior of Trihalomethanes and Haloacetic acids in Drinking Water Distribution System, Wat. Res., 38(20), pp. 4367-4382 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.08.018
  22. Nicholson, B. C., Rositano, J. and Burch, M. D., Destruction of Cyanobacterial Peptide Hepatotoxins by Chlorine and Chloramine, Wat. Res., 6, pp. 1297-1303 (1994)
  23. Nishiwaki-Matsushima, R., Ohta, T., Nishiwaki, S., Suganuma, M., Kohyana, K., Ishikawa, T., Carmichael, W. W. and Fujiki, H., Liver Tumor Promotion by the Cyanobacterial Cyclic Peptide Toxin Microcystin-LR, J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 118, pp. 420-424 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01629424
  24. Oliver, B. G. and Shindier, D. B., Trihalomethanes from the Chlorination of Aquatic Algae, Environ. Sci. Techno., 14(12), pp. 1502-1505 (1980) https://doi.org/10.1021/es60172a004
  25. Park, Ho-Dong, Kim, B., Kim, E. and Okino, T., Hepatotoxic Microcystins and Neurotoxic Anatoxin-a in Cyanobacterial Blooms from Korean Lakes, Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual., 13, pp. 225-234 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2256(1998)13:3<225::AID-TOX4>3.0.CO;2-9
  26. Park, M. J., Hwang, I. Y., Choi, A. R. and Lee, J. A., A Strudy on the Blue-green Algal Toxin of the Sonaktong Reservoir, The Korean J. of Phycol., 11(1), pp. 149-154 (1996)
  27. Poon, R., Chu, I., LeBel, G., Yagminas, A. and Valli, V. E., Effect of Dibromoacetonitrile on Rats Following 130 week Drinking Water Exposure, Food and Chem. Toxicol., 41(8), pp. 1051-1061 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(03)00042-5
  28. Takeo, H. and Nobukiho, H., Pattern of Organic Matter Prodution by Natural Phytoplankton Population in a Eutrophic Lake : 2. Extracellular Products, Arch. Hydrobiol., 109(2), pp. 227-243 (1987)
  29. US EPA, Methods for the Determination of Oganic Compounds in Drinking Water Supplement I Method 551. 552 (1990)
  30. US EPA, National Primary Drinking Water Regulation: Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts; Notice of Data Availability; Proposed Rule., 62(212), pp. 59387-59484 (1997)
  31. Watanabe, M., Harada, K.-I. and Fujiki, H., Waterblooms-its appearance and toxins., Uni. of Tokyo Press, pp. 80-83 (1994b)
  32. Watanabe, M. M. and Nozaki, H., NIES-Collection List of Strains. 4th ed. p. 32 (1994a)
  33. Weisburger, E. K., Carcinogenicity Studies on Halogenated Hydrocarbons, Environ. Health Perspect, 21, pp. 7-16 (1977) https://doi.org/10.2307/3428494
  34. WHO, Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 1, Recommendation, Geneva (1993)