Impact of fetal diagnosis of congenital heart disease on parents

선천성 심질환의 산전 진단이 보호자의 임신 유지 결정에 미치는 영향

  • Choi, Eun Young (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Chang Hoon (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Yoon, Myung Ja (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Han, Eun Sook (Department of Pediatrics, Bundang Seoul National University Hospital) ;
  • Hong, Joon Suk (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bundang Seoul National University Hospital) ;
  • Jung, Yun Sook (Department of Pediatrics, Bundang Seoul National University Hospital) ;
  • Choi, Jung Yun (Department of Pediatrics, Bundang Seoul National University Hospital)
  • 최은영 (서울대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 이창훈 (서울대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 윤명자 (서울대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 한은숙 (분당서울대학교병원 소아과) ;
  • 홍준석 (분당서울대학교병원 산부인과) ;
  • 정윤숙 (분당서울대학교병원 소아과) ;
  • 최정연 (분당서울대학교병원 소아과)
  • Received : 2006.06.22
  • Accepted : 2006.08.02
  • Published : 2006.10.15

Abstract

Purpose : This study was performed to assess how a fetal diagnosis of congenital heart disease affects parents, as regards pregnancy management and care of infants after birth. Methods : Database search to find out abnormal fetal echocardiography performed at Seoul National University Children's Hospital from July 1988 to June 2003 revealed 370 examinations. After excluding both arrhythmias without structural cardiac disease and multiple pregnancies, 299 pregnancies remained and this data formed the basis of this analysis. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records with special attention to pregnancy outcomes and also tried to find out factors influencing parental decisions on whether to continue or terminate pregnancy. Results : In this study, the mean gestation age at diagnosis was $28{\pm}6.0weeks$. The mean age of mothers was $30{\pm}3.9$ years old. Younger gestational ages at diagnosis(P=0.000), more severe grades of fetal heart disease(P=0.002) and younger mothers(P=0.014) correlated with terminations of pregnanies. But the grades of fetal status, the grades of associated anomaly, whether in-vitro-fertilization was carried out or not and numbers of previous children were not significant. Conclusion : This study found that the earlier gestational ages at diagnosis, younger maternal age and higher grades of fetal heart disease tended to lead parent to select abortions. Fetal echocardiographies were performed too late. Moreover Koreans have a biased view that malformation is a something incurable and a tragedy not only to oneself, but also to a family. So parents select terminations of pregnancy, even in curable cases. This is very unethical.

목 적 : 본 연구는 태아 심기형의 산전 진단이 보호자의 임신유지 결정에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 분석을 시행하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 서울대학교 어린이병원에서 1988년 7월부터 2003년 6월까지 시행한 태아 심 초음파 검사 중 태아 심혈관 질환이 발견되었던 370 검사를 우선 선정 후, 기질적 심질환이 없는 부정맥과 다태 임신을 제외한 299 임신을 본 조사의 대상으로 하였다. 299례에 대하여 의무기록 및 전화 설문을 통한 후향적 분석을 시행하여 분만 지속 여부 및 분만 방법에 대하여 조사하였고, 임신 지속 여부에 관한 보호자의 결정에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 본 연구에 포함된 대상의 진단시 평균 재태 주령은 $28{\pm}6.0$주였으며, 산모의 평균 연령은 $30{\pm}3.9$세였다. 임신 중단군과 지속군으로 구분하여 각 요인이 임신 지속 여부에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사한 결과, 진단시 재태 주령이 어릴수록(P=0.000), 심기형의 정도가 심할수록(P=0.002), 그리고 산모의 연령이 어릴수록(P=0.014) 임신 종결을 더 많이 선택한 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 태아 상태의 정도, 동반 기형의 정도, IVF 시행여부, 자녀의 수는 임신 지속 여부와 무관한 것으로 나타났다(Table 5). 결 론 : 본 연구에 의하면 진단시 재태 주령이 어릴수록, 산모의 연령이 적을 수록, 그리고 태아 심기형의 정도가 심할수록 임신을 중단하는 비율이 높다는 결론을 얻었다. 현실적으로는 태아 심초음파가 시행되는 재태 주령이 평균 29주로 너무 늦은 감이 있으며, 기형에 대한 극도의 편견으로 인하여 완치가 가능한 질환 마저 인공 임신 중절을 시행하는 비윤리적인 상황이 벌어지고 있는 상황이다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 서울대학교

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