Clinical observations of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

연소성 류마티스 관절염의 임상적 고찰

  • Lee, Joo Hoon (Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Ryu, Jeong Min (Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Young Seo (Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
  • 이주훈 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 소아과) ;
  • 유정민 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 소아과) ;
  • 박영서 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 소아과)
  • Received : 2005.10.28
  • Accepted : 2005.12.08
  • Published : 2006.04.15

Abstract

Purpose : Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis(JRA) is one of the most common rheumatic diseases of childhood and is an important cause of short- and long-term disability. The purpose of this study was to determine the disease course and outcome in childhood patients with JRA. Methods : Fifty nine patients with JRA who were diagnosed and treated in the Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center from August 1990 to November 2004 were enrolled in this study. Sex, age, type, affected joints, extra-articular manifestations, laboratory and radiologic findings, treatments, and outcomes of JRA patients were reviewed retrospectively. Results : Among JRA patients, 32.2 percent had pauciarticular type, 30.5 percent had polyarticular type and 37.3 percent had systemic type. The ratio of boys to girls was 1.7 : 1 and the mean age at onset was $9.3{\pm}3.7$(1.3-15.9) years. The most commonly affected joints were knee, ankle and wrist. The extra-articular manifestations observed were fever, rash, myalgia and lymph node enlargement, etc. The main laboratory findings observed were leukocytosis, anemia, thrombocytosis, elevated ESR, and elevated CRP. Rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibody(ANA) were positive in 5.3 percent and 18.0 percent. Nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAID) were used most frequently and methotrexate with or without steroids was added in 27.1 percent of patients unresponsive to NSAID. 88.1 percent of patients were cured without functional disability and only one patient was in functional status IV. One patient, who had pulmonary involvement, died. Conclusion : Our results showed an even distribution in type of onset, male predominance, older age of onset, low incidence of iridocyclitis, and low positivity of ANA in JRA patients; this differs from occidental data. This study may suggest regional differences and variability in disease groups of JRA among different racies, but further multi-center trials and large scale epidemiological studies are needed to confirm our conclusion.

목 적 : JRA는 소아에서 가장 흔한 결체 조직 질환 중의 하나이고 장, 단기적인 신체장애를 유발하는 중요한 원인이 된다. 저자들은 JRA 환아들의 질병 양상과 경과를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 1990년 8월부터 2004년 11월까지 서울아산병원 소아과를 내원한 59명의 JRA 환아를 대상으로 하였다. 성별, 연령, 유형, 침범 관절, 관절 외 소견, 검사 및 방사선 소견, 치료, 경과 등에 대하여 후향적으로 고찰하였다. 결 과 : 소수 관절형은 32.2%, 다수 관절형은 30.5%, 전신형은 37.3%였다. 남녀비는 1.7 : 1이었으며 평균 발병 연령은 $9.3{\pm}3.7$(1.3-15.9)세이었다. 가장 흔히 침범된 관절은 무릎과 발목, 팔목이었다. 관절 외 소견을 살펴보면 발열, 발진, 근육통, 림프절 비대 등이 있었다. 검사 소견을 살펴보면 백혈구증가증, 빈혈, 혈소판증가증, ESR 상승, CRP 상승 등의 소견을 보였다. 류마토이드 인자, 항핵항체 양성률은 각각 5.3%, 18.0%이었다. 비스테로이드성 소염제(NSAID)가 가장 많이 투여되었으며, 메토트렉세이트 또는 스테로이드를 함께 투여했던 경우가 27.1%였다. 88.1%의 환아에서 장애 후유증 없이 완치되었으며 한 명의 환아에서만 기능성 상태 IV의 장애가 있었다. 폐침범이 동반되었던 한 명의 환아가 사망하였다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서는 균등한 유형별 분포, 남아에서 호발하는 양상, 늦은 발병 연령, 낮은 홍채모양체염 발병률, 그리고 낮은 ANA 양성률을 보였는데 이러한 소견들은 한국에서의 JRA의 소견이며 서양에서의 보고와는 상이한 결과들이다. JRA가 민족과 지역에 따라서 서로 다른 발병양상을 보인다는 점을 시사한다고 생각된다. 앞으로 더 많은 수의 환자들을 대상으로 하는 다기관 협동 연구 및 역학조사가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. James TC, Ross EP. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. In : Cassidy JT, Petty RE, editors. Textbook of pediatric rheumatology. 4th ed. Philadelphia : WB Saunders Co, 2001:218-321
  2. Brewer EJ Jr, Bass J, Baum J, Cassidy JT, Fink C, Jacobs J, et al. Current proposed revision of JRA criteria. JRA Criteria Subcommittee of the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee of the American Rheumatism Section of the Arthritis Foundation. Arthritis Rheum 1977;20(2 Suppl):195S-9S
  3. European League Against Rheumatism : EULAR Bulletin No. 4 : Nomenclature and classification of arthritis in children. Basel, National Zeitung AG, 1977
  4. Fink CW. Proposal for the development of classification criteria for idiopathic arthritides of childhood. J Rheumatol 1995;22:1566-9
  5. Petty RE, Southwood TR, Baum J, Bhettay E, Glass DN, Manners P, et al. Revision of the proposed classification criteria for juvenile idiopathic arthritis : Durban, 1997. J Rheumatol 2000;27:1568
  6. Jahng JS, Kwon SW. Clinical observations on juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Yonsei Med J 1978;19:49-58 https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.1978.19.1.49
  7. Im CB, Cha SH, Kim YT, Ahn DH, Sohn KC. Clinical observation on juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Korean Med 1984;27:561-9
  8. Shim SS, Kim CY. Clinical observation on juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Korean Pediatr Soc 1991;34:1123-31
  9. Kim JG, Jeong JY, Yoon BY, Hahn YS. Clinical observations on juvenile rheumatoid arthritis : I. Systemic type. J Korean Rheum Assoc 1994;1:175-82
  10. Hahn YS, Kim JG. A clinical study on pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis(JRA). J Korean Pediatr Soc 1995;38:386-95.
  11. Hahn YS, Park JS, Kim JG. A clinical study on polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis(JRA)(III Polyarticular type). J Korean Rheum Assoc 1997;4:70-81
  12. Oh KT, Jung SS, Yoo TS, Lee JK, Song YH, Jun JH, et al. Analytic study of the clinical features of Korean juvenile rheumatoid arthritis(JRA). J Korean Rheum Assoc 1997;4:121-30
  13. Sullivan DB, Cassidy JT, Petty RE. Pathogenic implications of age of onset in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1975;18:251-5 https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780180309
  14. Calabro JJ, Katz RM, Maltz BA. A critical reappraisal of Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1971; 74:101-19
  15. Calabro JJ, Marchesanc JM. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 1967;277:746-9 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM196710052771406
  16. Toumbis A, Franklin EC, McEwen C, Kuttner AG. Clinical and serologic observations in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and their relatives. J Pediatr 1963;62:463-73 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(63)80001-3
  17. Calabro JJ, Holgerson WB, Sonpal GM, Khoury MI. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis : a general review and report of 100 patients observed for 15 years. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1976;5:257-98 https://doi.org/10.1016/0049-0172(76)90027-5
  18. Brewer E Jr. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis-cardiac involvement. Arthritis Rheum 1977;20:231-6
  19. Petty RE. Current knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic uveitis accompanying juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1987;13:19-36
  20. Kirel B, Yetgin S, Saatci U, Ozen S, Bakkaloglu A, Besbas N. Anaemia in juvenile chronic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 1996;15:236-41 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02229700
  21. Giannini EH, Brewer EJ. Poor correlation between the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and clinical activity in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 1987;6:197-201 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02201024
  22. Hussein A, Stein J, Ehrich JH. C-reactive protein in the assessment of disease activity in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile spondyloarthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 1987;16:101-5 https://doi.org/10.3109/03009748709102914
  23. Oen K, Schroeder M, Jacobson K, Anderson S, Wood S, Cheang M, et al. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in a Canadian First Nations(aboriginal) population : onset subtypes and HLA associations. J Rheumatol 1998;25:783-90
  24. Cassidy JT, Valkenburg HA. A five year prospective study of rheumatoid factor tests in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1967;10:83-90 https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780100202
  25. Hanson V, Drexler E, Kornreich H. The relationship of rheumatoid factor to age of onset in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1969;12:82-6 https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780120204
  26. Leak AM, Ansell BM, Burman SJ. Antinuclear antibody studies in juvenile chronic arthritis. Arch Dis Child 1986; 61:168-72 https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.61.2.168
  27. Reed MH, Wilmot DM. The radiology of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A review of the English language literature. J Rheumatol 1991;18(31 Suppl):2S-22S
  28. Ilowite NT. Current treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Pediatrics 2002;109:109-15 https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.109.1.109
  29. Hochberg MC, Chang RW, Dwosh I, Lindsey S, Pincus T, Wolfe F. The American College of Rheumatology 1991 revised criteria for the classification of global functional status in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1992;35:498-502 https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780350502