도시 지역 이동을 위한 랜드마크의 공유 온톨로지 연구

Communal Ontology of Landmarks for Urban Regional Navigation

  • 홍일영 (미국 뉴욕주립대학 지리학과)
  • Hong, Il-Young (Department of Geography, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York)
  • 발행 : 2006.12.31

초록

최근 정보기술의 발달과 대중화로 인해, 일반인들에게 지리정보의 보급이 확대되었고, 길찾기를 위한 인터넷 지도서비스나 혹은 차량항법장치 등은 공간의사결정에 지리정보시스템을 활용하는 좋은 사례라고 할 수 있다. 기존의 시스템이 제공하는 서비스에서 발견할 수 있는 문제점 중 하나는, 사용자가 그 지역에 처음 방문한 여행자이든 혹은 사용자가 그 지역에 지리를 어느 정도 알고 있는 거주자이든, 동일한 방식의 길찾기 방식이 적용된다는 점이다. 주어진 도시지역에 대한 공간지식은 거주기간에 따라 발달하게 되고, 도시이동은 공간에 대한 경험 속에서 발달된 인지지도에 많은 영향을 받게 되며, 이들의 공간적 지식의 발달은 그들이 속한 사회적 관계에 밀접한 영향을 받게 된다. 따라서 보다 인지적인 길찾기를 위한 서비스를 위해서는, 주어진 지역 내에서 사람들에게 잘 알려진 장소들, 다시 말해, 랜드마크를 통한 위치 인식이 중요한 역할을 하게 된다. 본 연구는 사회적 관계를 공유하는 한 지역 내 커뮤니티의 지역이동에 있어서 발달하는 인지지도를 하나의 공유된 지식으로 보고 이를 활용하는 도시공간이동에 대한 개념적 모델을 제시하였다. 이와 함께, 개념적 모델에 지식공학의 접근방식 중 하나인 온톨로지 방법론의 응용가능성을 살펴보았다. 지역 내 잘 알려진 공유된 랜드마크 지식을 지식모델링 기법의 하나인 온톨로지 방법으로 모델링하여 재사용가능한 지역지식으로 구조화하여 이를 공유 온톨로지라 정의하였다. 사례연구에서는 설문조사와 웹 내용분석의 방식을 통해 랜드마크의 추출하고, 온톨로지 방법론을 통해 사례지역 내 랜드마크 정보를 데이터베이스로 구성하여 활용하는 방안에 대하여 고찰하였다. 본 연구는 기계적 알고리듬으로만 제한된 현재의 GIS 기능을 인지적 모델과 접목을 도모하는데 큰 의미를 갖는다.

Due to the growing popularity of mobile information technology, more people, especially in the general public, have access to computerized geospatial information systems for wayfinding tasks or urban navigation. One of the problems with the current services is that, whether the users are exploring or navigating, whether they are travelers who are totally new to a region or long-term residents who have a fair amount of regional knowledge, the same method is applied and the direction are given in the same way. However, spatial knowledge for a given urban region expands in proportion to residency. Urban navigation is highly dependent on cognitive mental images, which is developed through spatial experience and social communication. Thus, the wayfinding service for a regional community can be highly supported, using well-known regional places. This research is to develop the framework for urban navigation within a regional community. The concept of communal ontology is proposed to aid in urban regional navigation. The experimental work was implemented with case study to collect regional landmarks, develop the ontological model and represent it with formal structure. The final product of this study will provide the geographical information of a region to the other agent and be the fundamental information structure for cognitive urban regional navigation.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Agarwal, P., 2004, Contested nature of 'place': knowledge mapping for resolving ontological distinctions between geographical concepts, Geographic Information Science: Proceedings Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3234, 1-24
  2. Berners-Lee, T., 1999, Weaving the Web, Harper Collins, New York
  3. Berners-Lee, T., Hendler, J. and Lassila, O., 2001, The semantic web- a new form of web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities, Scientific American, 284, 34-43
  4. Bishr, Y., 1998, Overcoming the semantic and other barriers to GIS interoperability, International Journal of Geographic Information Science, 12(4), 299-314 https://doi.org/10.1080/136588198241806
  5. Bittner, T. and Smith, B., 2002, A theory of granular partitions, in Duckham, M., Goodchild, M., and Worboys, M. (eds.), Foundations of Geographic Information Science, Taylor & Francis, London
  6. Casey, M. and Austin, M., 2002, Semantic web methologies for spatial decision support, International Conference: On Decision Making and Decision Support in the Internet Age, University College Cork., Ireland
  7. Egenhofer, M., 2002, Toward the semantic geospatial web, Proceedings of the tenth AGM international symposium on Advances in geographic information systems, McLean, Virginia
  8. Flewelling, D. and Egenhofer, M., 1999, Using digital spatial archives effectively, International Journal of Geographic Information Science, 13(1), 1-8 https://doi.org/10.1080/136588199241427
  9. Fonseca, T., Egenhofer, M., Davis C., and Borges, A., 2000, Ontology and knowledge sharing in urban GIS, Computers & geosciences, 24, 251-271 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(97)00129-5
  10. Gale, N., Golledge, R., Halperin, W. and Couclelis, H., 1990, Exploring spatial familiarity, The Professional Geographer, 42, 299-313 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-0124.1990.00299.x
  11. Gould, P. and White, R., 1974, Mental maps, Penguin, Baltimore
  12. Golledge, R. G., 1992, Place recognition and wayfinding: make sense of space, Geoforum, 23, 199-214 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7185(92)90017-X
  13. Gruber, T., 1993, A translation approach to portable ontology, Knowledge Acquisition, 5, 199-220 https://doi.org/10.1006/knac.1993.1008
  14. Gruber, T., 1995, Toward principles for the design of ontology used for knowledge sharing, International Journal of Human and Computer Studies, 43, 907-928 https://doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.1995.1081
  15. Harvey, F., Kuhn, W., Pundt, H., Bishr, Y. and Riedemann, C., 1999, Semantic interoperability: A central issue for sharing geographic information, Annals of Regional Science, 33, 213-232 https://doi.org/10.1007/s001680050102
  16. Hakimpour, F. and Timpf, S., 2001, Using ontologies for resolution of semantic heterogeneity in GIS, AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science, Brno, Czech Republic
  17. Hill, L., Hodge, G., and Smith, D., 2002, Digital gazetteers: integration into distributed digital library services, Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries, ACM Press, Portland
  18. Hiramatsu, K. and Reitsma, F., 2004, Georeferencing the semantic web: ontology based markup of geographically referenced information, EuroSDR/EuroGeographics workshop on Ontology and Schema Translation Services, Paris
  19. Jones, C., Alani, H. and Tudhoe, D., 2001, Geographical information retrieval with ontology of place. Spatial Information Theory: Proceedings Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2205, 322-335
  20. Karvounarakis, G., Magganaraki, A., Alexaki, S., Christophides, V., Plexousakis, D., Scholl, K., and Tolle, K., 2003, Querying the semantic web with RQL, Computer Networks, 42, 617-640 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-1286(03)00227-5
  21. Kuhn, W., 2001, Ontology in support of activities in geographical space, International Journal of Geographic Information Science, 15, 613-633 https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810110061180
  22. Lopez, M., Gomez-Perez, A, Sierra, J., and Sierra, A., 1999, Building a chemical ontology using methontology and the ontology design environment, IEEE Intelligent Systems & Their Applications, 14, 37-46 https://doi.org/10.1109/5254.747904
  23. Mark, D., Smith, B. and Tversky, B., 1999, Ontology and geographic objects: an empirical study of cognitive categorization, Spatial Information Theory: Proceedings Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1661, 283-298
  24. Noy, N., and Mcguinness, D., 2001, Ontology development 101: a guide to creating your first ontology, Standford University, Standford CA
  25. Mark, D., Egenhofer, E., Hirtle, S., and Smith, B., 2000, UCGIS emerging research theme: ontological foundations for Geographic Information Science, URL:http://www.ucgis.org/-priorities/research/
  26. Raubal, M., 2001, Ontology and epistemology for agent-based wayfinding simulation, International Journal of Geographic Information Science, 15, 653-667 https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810110061171
  27. Sorrows, M., and Hirtle, S., 1999, The nature of landmarks for real and electronic spaces, Spatial Information Theory: Proceedings Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1661, 37-50
  28. Smith, B., 2003, Ontology, in Floridi, L. (ed.), Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Computing and Information, Blackwell, Oxford
  29. Shanzhen,Y., Lizhu,Z., Chunxiao,X., Qilun, L., and Yong, Z., 2001, Semantic and interoperable WebGIS, Second International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (WISE'01), Kyoto
  30. Smith, B., and Mark, D., 2001, Geographical categories: an ontological investigation, International Journal of Geographic Information Science, 15, 591-612 https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810110061199
  31. Tezuka, T., and Tanaka, K., 2005, Landmark Extraction: a web mining approach, Spatial Information Theory: Proceedings Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3693, 379-396
  32. Timpf, S., 2002, Ontology of wayfinding: a traveler's perspective, Networks and Spatial Economics, 2, 9-22 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014563113112
  33. Uschold, M., 1996, Building ontology: towards a unified methodology. 16th Annual Conf. of British Computer Society Specialist Group on Expert Systems, Cambridge UK
  34. Winter, S., 2001, Ontology:buzzword or paradigm shit in GIScience?, International Journal of Geographic Information Science, 14, 587-590
  35. W3C, 2002, Resource Description Framework (RDF): concepts and abstract data model, URL:http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/