육계의 성장 촉진을 위한 사료 첨가제로서의 희토(稀土)

Rare Earth as a Feed Additive for Broiler Growth

  • 함숙경 (전북대학교 동물자원과학과, 희토생물응용연구소) ;
  • 송태화 (전북대학교 동물자원과학과, 희토생물응용연구소) ;
  • 짱광친 (전북대학교 동물자원과학과, 희토생물응용연구소) ;
  • 허삼남 (전북대학교 동물자원과학과, 희토생물응용연구소) ;
  • 박홍석 (전북대학교 동물자원과학과, 희토생물응용연구소)
  • Ham, S.K. (Dept. of Ani. Resources and Biotech., The Institute of Rare Earth for Biological Application, Chonbuk National Univ.) ;
  • Song, T.H. (Dept. of Ani. Resources and Biotech., The Institute of Rare Earth for Biological Application, Chonbuk National Univ.) ;
  • Zhang, G.Q. (Dept. of Ani. Resources and Biotech., The Institute of Rare Earth for Biological Application, Chonbuk National Univ.) ;
  • Hur, S.N. (Dept. of Ani. Resources and Biotech., The Institute of Rare Earth for Biological Application, Chonbuk National Univ.) ;
  • Park, H.S. (Dept. of Ani. Resources and Biotech., The Institute of Rare Earth for Biological Application, Chonbuk National Univ.)
  • 발행 : 2006.09.01

초록

Lanthanum을 비롯한 17가지 특수 원소를 일컬어 희토(rare earth)라 한다. 본 연구에서는 육계사료에 희토의 첨가 효과를 알아보기 위하여 2회의 사양 시험을 실시하였다. 시험에 이용한 희토는 순도 99% 이상의 염화 희토 혼합물$(RECl_3)$$LaCl_3$ 36.52%, $LaCl_3$ 28.14%, $PrCl_3$ 11.24%, 그리고 기타 희토원소 24.11%로 구성된 흰색 분말 형태이었다. 희토 급여 사육기간은 5주간이었으며, 본 연구의 주요 목적은 희토 급여가 육계의 성장을 촉진할 수 있는지, 유해성은 없는지, 그리고 적정 사료 첨가 수준을 구명하였다. 육계의 복강 지방 축적에 대해서도 알아보았다. 첫 번째 사양 시험에서는 시판 배합 사료에 대한 희토 첨가 효과를 검토하였다. Cobb육계 1일령 병아리 360수를 사용하였으며, 사료에 희토를 0, 100, 200, 400, 800, 그리고 1,600 mg/kg 수준으로 첨가하였다. 육계의 성장은 희토 100 mg/kg 첨가 수준에서 가장 우수하였으며, 증체량은 대조구에 비해 8.9%가 증가하였고(1,669.9 vs. 1,533.8 g/chick), 사료 요구율도 낮았다(p<0.05). 희토는 1,600 mg/kg 수준으로 매우 높게 급여할지라도 성장이 저해되지 않았으며, 대조구와 같은 증체와 사료 요구율을 보였으므로, 과다 급여에 의한 중독증은 없을 것으로 사료되었다. 두 번째 사양 시험은 실험 1의 결과에서는 육계사료에서 성장능력의 극대화를 위한 희토의 적정 첨가 수준이 $100\sim200mg/kg$으로 예측되었으므로 좀더 근접한 적정 수준을 알아보고자 희토를 0, 50, 100, 150 mg/kg 수준으로 첨가하였다. 시험 사료는 시판 사료에 있을 수 있는 항생제나 기타 성장 촉진용 사료 첨가제를 첨가하기 위하여 자가 배합하였으며, Ross육계 1일령 병아리 360수를 이용하였다. 시험 결과 희토 50 mg/kg의 첨가가 증체량과 사료 요구율에서 대조구나 다른 처리구들에 비해 월등히 좋은 결과를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 이 시험에서는 첫 번째 시험에서 보이지 않았던, 생체중에 대한 복강 지방 비율이 현저하게 감소한 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 본 실험 결과 육계사료에 희토의 첨가는 육계의 성장을 촉진하였으며, 사료 요구율 개선하였다. 이외에도 복강지방이 낮아지는 경향을 보였지만 일관성이 없었으므로 추후의 연구가 필요하다.

In order to study the effect of feeding rare earth(RE) on growth of broiler chicks, feed conversion ratio, and probable harmfulness of feeding high levels of RE, two feeding trials with broiler chicks were conducted; one using a commercial broiler compound feed and the other using a self mixed feed excluding any growth stimulating feed additives. The the first trial used three hundred sixty of one day old Cobb broiler chicks for six levels of dietary supplementation of RE : 0, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1,600 mg/kg. There were significant effect of RE stimulating broiler chick growth and improving feed conversion ratio, The dietary supplementation of RE at a level of 100 mg/kg was the best of all and increased body weight gain by 8.9% (p<0.05). Chicks fed RE at a level of 1,600 mg/kg grew as good as chicks fed feeds without RE and did not show my abnormalities. The second feeding trial was conducted in the same manner as the first trial using Ross broiler chicks and self-mixed experimental diets supplemented with RE at levels of 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg. Differently from Results of the first trial, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of were the best at the level of 50 mg/kg RE supplementation(p<0.05). In this trial all the birds fed RE showed significantly lower ratio of abdominal fat against live weight than those of the control group birds. Overall, it can be said that dietary supplementation of RE will improve broiler growth and feed conversion ratio and the proper dietary level would be $50\sim100mg/kg$. These results suggested that the proper level of RE for broiler chicks would be 50 to 100 mg/kg and its effectiveness is varied depending upon RE mixture. There appears abdominal fat of broiler chicks is decreased by feeding RE but further investigation is in need.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Chen, YT 1991 Effect of feeding rare earths on the performance of market pigeons. Poultry Husbandry and Disease Control 5:8-9, 40
  2. Deveci M, Eski M, Sengezer M, Kissa U 2000 Effects of Cerium nitrate bathing and prompt burn wound excision on IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels in burned rats. Burns 26:41-45 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-4179(99)00107-2
  3. Evans CH 1990 Biochemistry of the Lanthanides. Plenum Press, New York and London
  4. He M, Wang YZ, Xu ZR, Chen ML, Rambeck WA 2003 Effect of dietary rare earth elements on growth performance and blood parameters of rats. J Anim Physiol & Anim Nutr 87:229-235 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0396.2003.00432.x
  5. He R, Xia Z 1998 Effects of rare earth elements on gorwing and fattening of pigs. Guangxi Agri Sci (Chinese) 5:243-245
  6. Hirano S, Suzuki KT 1996 Environ. Health Perspect. 104(suppl 1):85-95 https://doi.org/10.2307/3432699
  7. Kim HR, Rho HW, Park JW 1984 Antidiabetic effect of lanthanum Chloride. Bulletin of Medical School, Chonbuk National University. Vol. 8(2):331-337
  8. Lei Y, Zao WB, Ma LM Pan JS 2001 Studies on the layers performance by adding rare earth. Chinese Poultry(in Chinese) 8:46-47
  9. Liu P, Liu Y, Lu Z, Zu J, Zhu J, Dong J, Pang D, Shen P 2004 Study on biological effect of $La^3+$ on Escherichia coli by atomic force microscopy. J Inorganic Biochemistry 98:68-72 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2003.08.012
  10. Muroma A 1958 Ann Med Exp Biol Fenn 36(suppl. 6):1-5
  11. Nie YX 1994 Studies on the biological effects of rare earths elements and compounds. National Rare Earths Symposium Papers, Beijing, China
  12. Shang L, Liu XY 1997 A new kind of feed additive - rareearths. Feedstuffs
  13. Shen QY, Zhang WJ, Wang CQ 1991 Effects of rare earths additives in diets of domestic animals including poultry. Feed Industry 12:20-22
  14. SPSS, 1999. SPSS 10.0 for Windows. $SPSS^{\circledR}$ Inc
  15. Wang MQ, Xu ZR 2003 Effect of supplemental Lanthanum on the growth performance of pigs. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci 16(9):1360-1363 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2003.1360
  16. Wang QY 1989 Effects of adding rare earths to broiler diets. nan Agricultural Science 1:28
  17. Wang QY, Niu SY 1990 Report of adding rare earths to broiler diets. Feed Industry 11:9-10
  18. Xie HG, Zhang GE, JNG T 1991 A study of the effects of adding rare earths compounds to layer diets. Feed Industry 12:23-25
  19. Yang BC, Kim KS, Park JW, Kim HR 1984 Effect of lanthanum chloride on the metabolism of cholesterol in rabbits. Bulletin of Medical School, Chonbuk ational University. Vol. 11(3):169-174
  20. Yang WL, Qi BH, Kang J 2000 A study on the influence rare earth to the growth performance of the domestic rabbit. J Biol(in Chinese) 3:30-31
  21. Yang YC, Tang ZC, Li SC Guo ZZ 1994 A study on milk production of dairy cattle with supplementation of rare earth. Heilongjiang Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine 8:20-21
  22. Yang ZQ, DONG MX, MAO SY, ZHANG KR, Zhang PC 1992 A study of effects of rare earths on activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH0px) in broilers. Gansu Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine 5:8-9
  23. Yang ZQ, Dong MX, Mao SY, Sun HW 1990 Effects of feeding rare earth on the performance of broilers. Feed Industry 12:23-25
  24. Zhang YH 1988 Recent advances in studies of rare earths and titanium (Ti) as feed additives. Feed Research 6:29-31
  25. Zheng YG, Se MD, Yuan QL 1990 Effects of rare earths elements on the main nutrient components and residual radio activity of broiler meat. J of Nei onggol Agricultural and Anim. Husbandry College 11:142-145