References
- Atlante, A., S. G. M. Gagliardi, M. T. Minervini, E. Ciotti, and M. P. Calissano. 1997. Glutamate neurotoxicity in rat cerebellar granule cells: a major role for xanthine oxidase in oxygen radical formation. J. Neurochem. 68, 2038-2045 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68052038.x
- Bae, Y. S., Y. Kim, J. H. Kim, T. G. Lee, P. G. Suh and S. H. Ryu. 2000. Independent functioning of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and phospholipase D1 in Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met- Val-D-Met-induced superoxide generation in human monocytes. J. Immunol. 164, 4089-4096 https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.164.8.4089
- Balboa, M. A., J. Balsinde and E. A. Dennis. 1998. Involvement of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase in arachidonic acid mobilization in human amnionic WISH cells. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 7684-7690 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.13.7684
- Bronstein, D. M., I. Perez-Otano, V. Sun, S. B. Mullis Sawin, J. Chan, G. C. Wu, P. M. Hudson, L. Y. Kong, J. S. Hong and M. K. McMillian. 1995. Glia-dependent neurotoxicity and neuroprotection in mesencephalic cultures. Brain Res. 704, 112-116 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(95)01189-7
- Brown, J. M. 2000. Exploiting the hypoxic cancer cell: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Mol. Med. Today 4, 157-162
- Crofford, L. J. 1997. COX-1 and COX-2 tissue expression: implications and predictions. J. Rheumatol. 49, 15-19
- Cummings, R. J., N. L. Parinandi, A. Zaiman, L. Wang, P. V. Usatyuk, J. G. Garcia and V. Natarajan. 2002. Phospholipase D activation by sphingosine 1-phosphate regulates interleukin-8 secretion in human bronchial epithelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 30227-30235 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111078200
- Czarny, M., Y. Lavie, G. Fiucci and M. Liscovitch. 1999. Localization of Phospholipase D in Detergent-insoluble, Caveolin-rich Membrane Domains. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 2717-2724 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.5.2717
- DeWitt, D. and W. Smith. 1988. Primary structure of prostaglandin G/H synthase from sheep vesicular gland determined from the complementary DNA sequence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 1412-1416
- Exton, J. H. 1994. Phosphatidylcholine breakdown and signal transduction. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1212, 26-42 https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2760(94)90186-4
- Exton, J. H. 1999. Regulation of phospholipase D. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1439, 121-33 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-1981(99)00089-X
- Floyd, R. A. 1990. Role of oxygen free radicals in carcinogenesis and brain ischemia. FASEB J. 4, 2587-2597 https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.4.9.2189775
- Freyberg, Z., D. Sweeney, A. Siddhanta, S. Bourgoin, M. Frohman and D. Shields. 2001. Intracellular localization of phospholipase D1 in mammalian cells. Mol. Biol. Cell 12, 943-955 https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.12.4.943
- Fujita, K., M. Murakami, F. Yamashita, K. Amemiya and I. Kudo. 1996. Phospholipase D is involved in cytosolic phospholipase A2-dependent selective release of arachidonic acid by fMLP-stimulated rat neutrophils. FEBS Lett. 395, 293-298 https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(96)01056-3
-
Guichun, W., K. H. Tapas, M. Sankar, L. Heung-Man and W. E. Ella. 2000. Mitochondria DNA damage and a hypoxic response are induced by
$CoCl_2$ in rat neuronal PC12 cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 28, 2135-2140 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/28.10.2135 - Guillemin, K. and M. A. Krasnow. 1997. The hypoxic response: huffing and HIFing. Cell 89, 9-12 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80176-2
- Hammond, S. M., J. M. Jenco, S. Nakashima, K. Cadwallader, Q. Gu, S. Cook, Y. Nozawa, G. D. Prestwich, M. A. Frohman and A. J. Morris. 1997. Characterization of two alternately spliced forms of phospholipase D1. Activation of the purified enzymes by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, ADP-ribosylation factor, and Rho family monomeric GTP-binding proteins and protein kinase C. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 3860-3868 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.6.3860
- Hammond, S. M., Y. M. Altshuller, T. C. Sung, S. A. Rudge, K. Ross, J. Engebrecht, A. J. Morris and M. A. Frohman. 1995. Human ADP-ribosylation factor-activated phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D defines a new and highly conserved gene family. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 29640-29643 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.50.29640
- Hla, T. and T. Maciag. 1991. Cyclooxygenase gene expression is down-regulated by heparin-binding (acidic fibroblast) growth factor-1 in human endothelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 24059-24063
- Hoozemans, J. J., A. J. Rozemuller, I. Janssen, C. J. De Groot, R. Veerhuis and P. Eikelenboom. 2001. Cyclooxygenase expression in microglia and neurons in Alzheimer's disease and control brain. Acta. Neuropathol. 101, 2-8
- Huot, J., F. Houle, F. Marceau and J. Landr. 1997. Oxidative stress-induced actin reorganization mediated by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/heat shock protein 27 pathway in vascular endothelial cells. Circ. Res. 80, 383-392 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.80.3.383
-
Kanaya, K. and T. Kamitani. 2003. pVHL-independent ubiquitination of
$HIF1{\alpha}$ and its stabilization by cobalt ion. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 306, 750-755 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(03)01041-6 - Kim, J. H., B. D. Lee, Y. Kim, S. D. Lee, P. G. Suh and S. H. Ryu. 1999. Cytosolic phospholipase A2-mediated regulation of phospholipase D2 in leukocyte cell lines. J. Immunol. 163, 5462-5470
- Kim, Y., J. M. Han, B. R. Han, K. A. Lee, J. H. Kim, B. D. Lee, I. H. Jang, P. G. Suh and S. H. Ryu. 2000. Phospholipase D1 Is Phosphorylated and Activated by Protein Kinase C in Caveolin-enriched Microdomains within the Plasma Membrane. J. Biol. Chem. 18, 13621-13627
- Lal, M. A., H. Brismar, A. C. Eklof and A. Aperia. 2002. Role of oxidative stress in advanced glycation end product- induced mesangial cell activation. Kidney Int. 61, 2006-2014 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00367.x
- Lancelot, E., J. Callebert, M. L. Revaud, R. G. Boulu and M. Plotkine. 1995. Detection of hydroxyl radicals in rat striatum during transient focal cerebral ischemia: possible implication in tissue damage. Neurosci. Lett. 197, 85-88 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)11901-8
- Lee, M. Y., S. Y. Kim, D. S. Min, Y. S. Choi, S. L. Shin, M. H. Chun, S. B. Lee, M. S. Kim and Y. H. Jo. 2000. Upregulation of phospholipase D in astrocytes in response to transient forebrain ischemia. Glia 30, 311-317 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(200005)30:3<311::AID-GLIA10>3.0.CO;2-K
- Lin, L. L., M. Wartmann, A. Y. Lin, J. L. Knopf, A. Seth and R. J. Davis. 1993. cPLA2 is phosphorylated and activated by MAP kinase. Cell 72, 269-278 https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(93)90666-E
- Liscovitch, M., M. Czarny, G. Fiucci and X. Tang. 2000. Phospholipase D: molecular and cell biology of a novel gene family. Biochem. J. 345, 401-415 https://doi.org/10.1042/0264-6021:3450401
- Liu, B. and J. S. Hong. 2003. Role of microglia in inflammation mediated neurodegenerative diseases: mechanisms and strategies for therapeutic intervention. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 304, 1-7 https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.102.035048
- McGeer, P. L., S. Itagaki, B. E. Boyes and E. G. McGeer. 1988. Reactive microglia are positive for HLA-DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains. Neurology 38, 1285-1291 https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.38.8.1285
- Merrill, J. E., Y. Koyanagi, J. Zack, L. Thomas, F. Martin and I. S. Chen. 1992. Induction of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in brain cultures by human immunodeficiency virus type1. J. Virol. 66, 2217-2225
- Minghetti, L. and G. Levi. 1998. Microglia as effector cells in brain damage and repair: focus on prostanoids and nitric oxide. Prog. Neurobiol. 54, 99 -125 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-0082(97)00052-X
- Murakami, M., T. Kambe, S. Shimbara and I. Kudo. 1999. Functional Coupling Between Various Phospholipase A2s and Cyclooxygenases in Immediate and Delayed Prostanoid Biosynthetic Pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 3103-3115 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.5.3103
- Murakami, M., S. Shimbara, T. Kambe, H. Kuwata, M. V. Winstead, J. A. Tischfield and I. Kudo. 1998. The Functions of Five Distinct Mammalian Phospholipase A2s in Regulating Arachidonic Acid Release. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 14411-14423 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.23.14411
- Park, S. K., J. P. Provost, C. D. Bae, W. T. Ho and J. H. Exton. 1997. Cloning and characterization of phospholipase D from rat brain. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 29268-29271
- Pasinetti, G. M. and P. S. Aisen. 1998. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is increased in frontal cortex of Alzheimer's disease brain. Neuroscience 87, 319-324 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00218-8
- Raine, C. S. 1994. Multiple sclerosis: immune system molecule expression in the central nervous system. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 53, 328-337 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005072-199407000-00002
- Rosenberger, J., G. Petrovics and B. Buzas. 2001. Oxidative stress induces proorphanin FQ and proenkephalin gene expression in astrocytes through p38- and ERK-MAP kinases and NF-kappaB. J. Neurochem. 79, 35-44 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00520.x
- Rukenstein, A., R. E. Rydel and L. A. Greene. 1991. Multiple agents rescue PC12 cells from serum-free cell death by translation- and transcription independent mechanisms. J. Neurosci. 11, 2552-2563 https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.11-08-02552.1991
- Shimizu, S., Y. Eguchi, W. Kamiike, H. Matsuda and Y. Tsujimoto. 1996. Bcl-2 expression prevents activation of the ICE protease cascade. Oncogene 12, 2251-2257
- Simonson, S. G., J. Zhang, A. T. Jr. Canada, Y. F. Su, H. Benveniste and C. A. Piantadosi. 1993. Hydrogen peroxide production by monoamine oxidase during ischemia-reperfusion in the rat brain. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 13, 125-134 https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1993.15
- Sung, T. C., Y. Zhang, A. J. Morris and M. A. Frohman. 1999. Structural Analysis of Human Phospholipase D1. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 3659-3666 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.6.3659
- Tao, J., J. S. Sanghera, S. L. Pelech, G. Wong and J. G. Levy. 1996. Stimulation of stress-activated protein kinase and p38 HOG1 kinase in murine keratinocytes following photodynamic therapy with benzoporphyrin derivative. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 27107-27115 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.271.43.27107
- Ushio-Fukai, M., R. W. Alexander, M. Akers and K. K. Griendling. 1998. p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase is a critical component of the redox-sensitive signalling pathways activated by angiotensinII. Role in vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 15022-15029 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.24.15022
- Yamazaki, M., Y. Zhang, H. Watanabe, T. Yokozeki, S. Ohno, K. Kaibuchi, H. Shibata, H. Muraki, Y. Ono, M. A. Frohman and Y. Kanaho. 1999. Interaction of the small G protein RhoA with the C Terminus of human Phospholipase D1. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 6035-6038 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.10.6035
- Zhong, M., T. Joseph, D. Jackson, S. Beychenok and D. A. Foster. 2002. Elevated phospholipase D activity induces apoptosis in normal rat fibroblasts. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 298, 474-477 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02495-6