Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine (동의생리병리학회지)

The Physiological Society of Korean Medicine and The Society of Pathology in Korean Medicine (대한동의생리학회·한의병리학회)
권호 표지

Anti-inflammatory Activity of Chihyo-san to Protect Respiratory Tissues from Asthmatic Damage

  • Cho, Ju-Hyung (Department of Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University) ;
  • NamGung, Uk (Department of Neurophysiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Hee (Department of Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University)
  • Published : 2006.06.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Chihyo-san (CHS) administration on asthma induced by Alum/OVA treatment in the mice. In CHS-treated animal group, lung weight, which was increased after asthma induction, was significantly decreased, and total number of cells in the lung, peripheral lymph node (PLN) and spleen tissue was significantly decreased in CHS-treated group compared to the asthma control group. The number of immune cells including natural killer (NK) cells in asthmatic animals was largely regulated by CHS treatment, showing a similar pattern as that of CsA-treated positive control group. Levels of mRNAs encoding inflammatory cytokines IL-5, IL-13, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and eotaxin were determined by RT-PCR in the lung tissue and showed decreases in CHS-treated group to the similar levels of CsA-treated control group, Histamine level in the serum was significantly lower in CHS-treated group than asthma-induced control group. Both haematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining results showed decreased number of inflammatory cells, reduced immune cell infiltration, and normalized epithelial cell layering in the bronchial tissue of CHS-treated mouse group. Thus, the present findings suggest that CHS may be useful for protecting bronchial tissues from consistent inflammatory damages that occur in asthma patients.

Keywords

References

  1. Adams, G.K. 3d, Lichtenstein, L.M., Adkinson NF Jr. Effects of dexamethasone on mediator release from human lung fragments, and purified human lung mast cells. J Clin Invest 71, 1830-1835, 1983 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI110938
  2. Bertrand, C.P. and P.D. Ponath CCR3 blockade as a new therapy for asthma. Expert opinion on investigational drugs 9, 43-52, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1517/13543784.9.1.43
  3. Bevan, M.A., Metzger, H. Signal transduction by FC receptors: the FceRI case. Immunol Today 14, 222-226, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5699(93)90167-J
  4. Blanc, P.D., Trupin, L., Earnest, G., Katz, P.P., Yelin, E.H., Eisner, M.D. Alternative therapies among adults with a reported diagnosis of asthma orrhinosinusitis: data from a population-based survey. Chest 120, 1461-1467, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.120.5.1461
  5. Boguniecwicz, M., Schneider, L.C., Milgrom, H., Newell, D., Kelly, N., Tam Izu, P., AE, Jaffe, H.S., Bucalo, L.R., Leung, D.Y.M. Treatment of steroid-dependent asthma with recombinant interferon-$\gamma$. Clin. Exp. Allergy 23, 785-790, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00367.x
  6. Bochner, B.S., Schleimer, R.P. The role of adhesion molecules in human eosinophil and basophil recruitment.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 94, 427-438, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(94)90195-3
  7. Bradley, B.L., Azzawi, M., Jacobson, M., Assoufi, B., Collins, J.V., Irani, A.M., Schwartz, L.B., Durham, S.R., Jeffery, P.K., Kay, A.B. Eosinophils, T-lymphocytes, mast cells, neutrophils and macrophages in bronchial biopsy specimens from atopic subjects with asthma; comparison with biopsy specimens from atopic subjects witout asthma and normal control subjects and relationship to bronchial hyperresponsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol 88, 661-674, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(91)90160-P
  8. Brightling, C.E., Symon, F.A., Holgate, S.T., Wardlaw, A.J., Pavord, I.D., Bradding, P. Interleukin-4 and -13 expression is co-localized to mast cells within the airway smooth muscle in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 33, 1711-1716, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2003.01827.x
  9. Walsh, G.M., Al-Rabia, M., Blaylock, M.G., Sexton, D.W., Duncan, C.J., Lawrie, A. Control of eosinophil toxicity in the lung. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy. 4, 481-486, 2005 https://doi.org/10.2174/1568010054526296
  10. Cho, S.H., Seo, J.Y., Choi, D.C., Yoon, H.J., Cho, Y.J., Min, K.U., Lee, G.K., Seo, J.W., Kim, Y.Y. Pathologic changes according to the severity of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 26, 1210-1219, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00510.x
  11. Cockcroft, D.W. Pharmacologic therapy for asthma: overview and historical perspective. J Clin Pharmacol 39, 216-222, 1999
  12. Corrigan, C.J., Hartnell, A., Kay, A.B. T-lymphocyte activation in acute severe asthma. Lancet 1, 1129-1132, 1988
  13. Corrigan, C.J., Kay, A.B. CD4 T-lymphocyte activation in acute severe asthma. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 141, 970, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/141.4_Pt_1.
  14. Del Prete, G.F., De Carli, M., D'Elios, M.M., Maestrelli, P., Ricci, M., Fabbri, L., Romagnani, S. Allergen exposure induces the activation allergen-specific Th2-cells in the airrway mucosa of patients with allergic respiratory disorders. Eur J Immunol 23, 1445-1449, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830230707
  15. Egashira, Y. and Nagano, H. A multicenter clinical trial of TJ-96 in patients with steroid-dependent bronchial asthma. Ann N Y Acad Sci 685, pp 580-583, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb35921.x
  16. Elias, J. Inspirations on asthma. J Clin Invest. 104, 827-828, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI100
  17. Elias, J.A., Zhu, Z., Chupp, G., Homer, R.J. Airway remodeling in asthma. J Clin Invest. 104, 1001-1006, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI8124
  18. Fireman, P. Understanding asthma pathophysiology. Allergy Asthma Proc 24, 79-83, 2003
  19. Hershey, G.K. IL-13 receptors and signaling pathways: an evolving web. J Allergy Clin Immunol 111, 677-690, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2003.90
  20. Holgate, S.T., Frew, A.T., Howarth, P.H. T-cell cytokine profile evaluated at the single cell level in BAL and blood in allergic asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 14, 319, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1165/ajrcmb.14.4.8600935
  21. Hsieh, K.H. Evaluation of efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of childhood bronchial asthma: clinical trial, immunological tests and animal study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 7, pp 130-140, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1996.tb00120.x
  22. Izuhara, K., Arima, K., Yasunaga, S. IL-4 and IL-13: their pathological roles in allergic diseases and theirpotential in developing new therapies. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy 1, 263-269, 2002 https://doi.org/10.2174/1568010023344661
  23. Izuhara, K. The role of interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 in the non-immunologic aspects ofasthma pathogenesis. Clin Chem Lab Med 41, 860-864, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2003.130
  24. Kazi, A.S., Lotfi, S., Goncharova, E.A., Tliba, O., Amrani, Y., Krymskaya, V.P. Lazzar, A.L., Vascular endothelial growth factor-induced secretion of fibronectin is ERK dependent, Am. J. Physiol. 286, L539-L545, 2004
  25. Kay, A.B. Asthma and inflammation. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 87, 893-910, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(91)90408-G
  26. Kay, A.B., Frew, A.J., Corrigan, C.J., Robinson, D.S. The T-cell hypothesis of chronic asthma. In kay AB ed. Allergy and allergic diseases. Blackwell Science, 1997
  27. Kelly-Welch, A.E., Hanson, E.M., Boothby, M.R., Keegan, A.D. Interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 signaling connections maps. Science 300, 1527-1528, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1085458
  28. Kelly-Welch, A.E., Melo, M.E., Smith, E., Ford, A.Q., Haudenschild, C., Noben-Trauth, N. Keegan AD. Complex role of the IL-4 receptor alpha in a murine model of airway inflammation: expression of the IL-4 receptor alpha on nonlymphoid cells of bone marrow origin contributes to severity of inflammation. J Immunol. 172, 4545-4555, 2004 https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.7.4545
  29. Kong, X.-T., Fang, H.T., Jiang, G.Q., Zhai, S.Z., O'Connell, D.L. and Brewster, D.R. Treatment of acute bronchiolitis with Chinese herbs. Arch Dis Child 68, pp 468-471, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.68.4.468
  30. Krug, N., Madden, J., Redington, A.E., Lackie, P., Djukanovic, R., Schauer, U., Holgate, S.T., Frew, A.T., Howarth, P.H. T-cell cytokine profile evaluated at the single cell level in BAL and blood in allergic asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 14, 319-326, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1165/ajrcmb.14.4.8600935
  31. Lack, G., Bradely, K.L., Hamelmann, E., Renz, H., Loader, J., Leung, D.Y.M., Larsen, G., Gelfand, E.W. Nebulized IFN-$\gamma$ inhibits the development of secondary allergic responses in mice. J Immunol 157, 1432-1429, 1996
  32. Laitinen, L.A. mA. Laitinen and T. Haahtela. Airway mucosal inflammation even in patients with newly diagnosed asthma, Am Rev Respir Dis 147, pp 697-704, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/147.3.697
  33. Lichenstein, L.M. Allergy and the Immune system. Sci Am (Sept):116-124, 1993
  34. Marone, G. Asthma: recent advandes. Immunol. Today 19, 5-9, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5699(97)01187-0
  35. Look, D.C., Rapp, S.R., Keller, B.T., Holtzman, M.J. Selective induction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 by interferon-gamma in human airway epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 263, L79, 1992
  36. Maggi, E., Parronchi, P., Manetti, R. et al. Reciprocal regulatory effects of IFNgamma and IL-4 on the in vitro development of human Th1 and Th2 clones. J. Immunol 148, 2142-2147, 1992
  37. McMillan, S.J., Lloyd, C.M. Prolonged allergen challenge in mice leads to persistent airway remodelling. Clin Exp Allergy. 34, 497-507, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01895.x
  38. Nishikubo, K., Murata, Y., Tamaki, S., Sugama, K., Imanaka-Yoshida, K., Yuda, N., Kai, M., Takamura, S., Sebald, W., Adachi, Y., Yasutomi, Y. A single administration of interleukin-4 antagonistic mutant DNA inhibitsallergic airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. Gene Ther 10, 2119-2125, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gt.3302131
  39. Pene, J., Rousset, F., Briere, F., Chreitien, I., Bonnefoy, J.Y., Spits, H., Yokota, T., Arai, N., Arai, K.I. , Banchereau, J., de Vries, J.E. IgE production by normal human lymphocytes is induced by interleukin-4 and suppressed by interferons-$\alpha$ and -$\gamma$ and prostaglandin E2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85, 6880-6884, 1988
  40. Postlethwaite, A.E., Holness, M.A., Katai, H., Raghow, R. Human fibroblasts synthesize elevated levels of extracellular matrix proteinsin response to interleukin 4. J Clin Invest. 90, 1479-1485, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI116015
  41. Robinson, D.S., Ying, S., Bentley, A.M., Meng, Q., North, J., Durham, S.R., Kay, A.B., Hamid, Q. Relationships among numbers of bronchoalveolar lavage cells expressing mRNA for cytokines, asthma symptoms, and airway methacholine responsiveness in atopic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 92, 397-403, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(93)90118-Y
  42. Sampson, AP. The role of eosinophils and neutrophils in inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy. 30 Suppl 1, 22-27, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00092.x
  43. Sempowski, G.D., Beckmann, M.P., Derdak, S., Phipps, R.P. Subsets of murine lung fibroblasts express membrane-bound and soluble IL-4receptors. Role of IL-4 in enhancing fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. J Immunol. 152, 3606-3614, 1994
  44. Todd, G.K., Dunlop, J., McNaboe, M.F., Ryan, D., Carson and M.D. Shields, Growth and adrenal suppression in asthmatic children treated with high-dose fluticasone proprionate, Lancet 348, 27-29, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(96)03339-9
  45. Tufvesson, E. and G. Westergren-Thorsson, Biglycan and decorin induce morphological and cytoskeletal changes involving signalling by the small GTPases RhoA and Rac1 resulting in lung fibroblast migration, J. Cell. Sci. 116, 4857-4864, 2003
  46. Westergren-Thorsson, G., Chakir, J., Lafreniere-Allard, M.J., Boulet, L.P., Tremblay, G.M. Correlation between airway responsiveness and proteoglycan production by bronchial fibroblasts from normal and asthmatic subjects, Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol. 34, 1256-1267, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1357-2725(02)00058-4
  47. Wiley, R.E., Cwiartka, M., Alvarez, D., Mackenzie, D.C., Johnson, J.R., Goncharova, S., Lundblad, L., Jordana, M. Transient corticosteroid treatment permanently amplifies the Th2 response in a murine model of asthma. J Immunol. 172, 4995-5005, 2004 https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.8.4995
  48. Ying, S., Durham, S.R., Humbert, M., Barkans, J. Expression of IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA and protein product by $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ T-cells, eosinophils and mast cells in bronchial biopsies obtained from atopic and non-atopic (intrinsic) asthmatics. J Immunol. 158, 3539-3544, 1997