Journal of Animal Science and Technology

Korean Society of Animal Sciences and Technology (한국축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Antibiotics, Copper Sulfate and Probiotics Supplementation on Performance and Ammonia Emission from Slurry in Growing Pigs

사료에 대한 항생제, 황산동 및 생균제 첨가가 육성돈의 생산성 및 슬러리의 암모니아 발생에 미치는 영향

  • Han, Y.K. (Livestock Research Institute, NACF) ;
  • Shin, H.T. (Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University)
  • 한영근 (농협중앙회 축산연구소) ;
  • 신형태 (성균관대학교 식품생명공학과)
  • Published : 2005.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of supplementation of chlortetracycline (CTC,110ppm), copper sulfate(Cu, 125ppm) and two levels of probiotics(Prob I, 0.04%, Prob II, 0.1%), Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and manure characteristics in growing pigs. A total of 50 pigs that averaged 20.78$\pm$0.35kg BW and 50$\pm$2.3d age were allocated in a randomized block design with two pigs per pen and 5 pens per treatment. Pigs and feeders were weighed 10-days interval for the 40-d trials to determine ADG, ADFI and feed:gain ratio(F:G). Average daily gain, feed intake, feed/gain and nutrient digestibility were not improved(P>0.10) by the supplementation of CTC, Cu and two levels of probiotics. There were significant(P<0.05) Cu effects on digestibility of crude protein, and probiotics effects on digestibilities on organic matter, crude protein and energy between first 20 days and subsequent 20 days. Fecal concentrations of copper were highly increased(P<0.001) by the copper supplementation. Total bacteria and coliform counts were not altered by the supplementation of CTC, Cu and two levels of probiotics. Ammonia emission from slurry, measured during first 3 weeks, was reduced (P<0.001) in pigs fed diet with 125 ppm copper from copper sulfate. Results indicate that CTC, Cu and Probiotics supplementation had a little or not positive effect on grower pig performance under sound environmental conditions. Further studies may be warranted to investigate the effects of dietary copper-either reduced or in combination with dietary ammonia control agents-on the ammonia emission characteristics of swine manure.

양돈용 배합사료에 있어 사용빈도가 높은 첨가물질인 항생제(Chlortetracycline 110ppm), 황산동(Cu 125ppm) 및 생균제(Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis)의 첨가가 육성돈의 생산성, 영양소소화율, 구리의 배출량, 분내 미생물 변화 및 분뇨의 숙성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 평균 체중 20.78kg(S.D.0.35) 및 평균 일령 50일($\pm$2.3)인 삼원교잡종(Landrace$\time$Yorkshire$\time$Duroc) 거세돈 50두를 완전임의로 각 돈방별 5처리 5반복으로 배치하여 40일간 실시하였다. ADG와 ADFI 및 F:G는 처리별로 통계적인 유의차를 나타내지는 않았으며(P>0.10), 전 시험기간에 걸친 영양소 소화율은 첨가물질에 의해 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났으나(P>0.10), 무첨가구와 각 처리구의 비교에서는 생균제 0.1% 첨가구가 무첨가구에 비해 건물(P=0.093), 유기물(P=0.155), 조단백질(P=0.056) 및 열량(P=0.052) 소화율에서 크게 개선되는 경향을 보여주었다. 처리별 분으로의 구리 배출량은 황산동 첨가구가 1,514mg/kg으로 다른 구에 비해 뚜렷한 증가를 보였다(P<0.001). 분중 총균수 및 대장균군수는 첨가에 의한 영향이 나타나지 않았으며(P>0.10). 슬러리의 시간경과에 따른 암모니아 발생량은 처음 3주간은 황산동 첨가구가 다른 구에 비해 뚜렷한 감소를 보였으나(P<0.001), 시간이 경과할수록 다른 첨가구와 비슷한 발생경향을 나타내었다. 항생제 첨가구는 초기 2주간은 다른 첨가구에 비해서는 낮았으나 황산동 첨가구 보다는 암모니아 발생량이 높았다(P<0.001). 결론적으로 양돈사료에 대한 항생제, 황산동 및 생균제의 첨가는 환경조절이 잘 이루어진 상태에서의 육성돈에게는 생산성에 대한 영향을 크게 미치지 않는다고 볼 수 있으며, 환경측면에서 볼 때 황산동의 첨가는 슬러리의 초기발효를 억제시켜 암모니아 가스발생을 감소시킬 수 있으나, 배출량 과다로 인한 환경부담 요인으로 작용할 수 있기 때문에 이에 대한 종합적인 연구가 지속되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Anderson, D. B., McCracken, V. J., Aminov, R. I., Simpson, J. M., Mackie, R. I., Verstegen, M. W. A. and Gaskins, H. R 1999. Gut microbiology and growth-promoting antibiotics in swine. Pig News Info. 20: 115N
  2. AOAC. 1995. Official Methods of Analysis. 16th ed. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chem., Arlington, VA
  3. Annstrong, T. A., Williams, C. M., Spears, J. W. and Schiffman, S. S. 2000. High dietary copper improves odor characteristics of swine waste. J. Anim. Sci., 78:859 https://doi.org/10.2527/2000.784859x
  4. Coffey, M. T. 1996. Environmental challenges as related to animal agriculture-Swine. In: Nutrient Management of Food Animals to Enhance and Protect the Environment(Ed. E. T. Kornegay): pp 29
  5. Edmonds, M. S. and Baker, D. H. 1986. Toxic effects of supplemental copper and roxarsone when fed alone or in combination to young pigs. J. Anim. Sci., 63:533 https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1986.632533x
  6. Fuller, R., Newland, L. G. M., Briggs, C. A. E., Raude, R. and Mitchell, K. G. 1960. The normal intestinal flora of the pigs. IV. The effect of dietary supplements of penicillin, chlortetracycline or copper on the faecal flora. J. Appl. Bacterial. 23:195 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1960.tb00197.x
  7. Gonyou, H. W. and Lou, Z. 1998. Grower/finisher feeders: design, behaviour and performance. Prairie Swine Centre, Saskatoon. Monograph 9701, 77
  8. Jongbloed, A. W., Kemme, P. A. and Mroz, Z. 1993. The role of microbial phytases in pig production. In : Enzymes in Animal Nutrition. Proceedings of the 1st Symposium Kartause Ittingen, Switzerland. pp.173
  9. Kornegay, E. T. and Harper, A. F. 1977. Environmental nutrition: Nutrient excretion of swine. Prod. Anim. Sci., 13:99
  10. Prabucld, A. L., Rennerova, L., Vogtmann, H., Wenk, C. and Schuerich, A. 1975. Die Verwendung von 4n-Hchmloeslicher Asche als Indikator zur Bestimmung der Verdaulichkeit. Institut fuer Tierernaehrung, ETH Zuerich. Misc. Pap. Landbouwhogesch. Weningen. 11:113
  11. Shurson, G. C., Ku, P. K., Waxler, G. L., Yokoyama, M. T. and Miller, E. R. 1990. Physiological relationships between micribiological status and dietary copper levels in the pig. J. Anim. Sci., 68:1061 https://doi.org/10.2527/1990.6841061x
  12. Snedecor, G. W. and Cochran, W. G. 1980. Statistical Methods. 7th ed. The Iowa State University Press. Ames, Iowa
  13. Topping, D. C. and Visek:, W. J. 1977. Synthesis of macromolecules by intestinal cells incubated with ammonia. Am. J. Physiol. 233:E341
  14. Tucker, M. R. 1997. Experiences with metal toxicities in North Carolina. In: McLaughlin. RA, editor. Proceedings of the 40th annual meeting of the Soil Science Society of North Carolina; 1997 Jan 21 ?22; Raleigh (NC). Raleigh (NC) : Soil Science Society of North Carolina. p 97
  15. Van der Peet-Schwering, C. and Voennans, M. 1996. Effects of feeding and housing on the ammonia emission of growing and finishing pig facilities. Report Experimental Pig Station, Rosmalen. 10(2):17
  16. Van Kempen. T. and Van Heugten, E. 1998. European strategies to reduce waste and odor through nutritional means. 14th Annual Carolina Swine Nutrition Conference. November 17th, 1998
  17. Yarel, V. H., Robinson, I. M. and Pond, W. G. 1987. Effect of dietary copper sulfate, aureo SP250 or clinoptilolite on ureolytic bacteria found in the pig large intestine. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53:2009
  18. Visek:, W. J. 1972. Effects of urea hydrolysis on cell lifespan and metabolism. Fed. Proc. 31: 1178
  19. Visek:, W. J. 1978. The mode of growth promotion by antibiotics. J. Anim. Sci., 46:1447 https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1978.4651447x
  20. Whitehair, C. K. and Thompson, C. M. 1956. Observations on rearing disease-free swine. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 128:94
  21. Wondra, K. J., Hancock, J. D., Behnke, K. C., Hines, R. H. and Stark, C. R. 1995. Effects of particle size and pelleting on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and stomach morphology III finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci., 73:757 https://doi.org/10.2527/1995.733757x
  22. Yen, .J. T. and Pond, W. G. 1990. Effect of carbadox on net absorption of ammonia and glucose into hepatic portal vein of growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 68:4236 https://doi.org/10.2527/1990.68124236x
  23. Zhou, W., Kornegay, E. T., Lindemann, M. D., Swinkels, J. W. G. M., Welten, M. K. and Wong, E. A. 1994. Stimulation of Growth by Intravenous Injection of Copper in Weaning Pigs. J. Anim. Sci., 72:2395 https://doi.org/10.2527/1994.7292395x
  24. 김창길. 1999 환경관리측면에서 축산업의 경제성 평가. 1999. 한국축산학회 춘계 심포지움 Proceedings. 한국축산학회 pp. 39
  25. 최홍림. 1999. 친환경적 한국형 돈분뇨 처리기술 현황. 1999 한국축산학회 훈계 심포지움 Proceedings. 한국축산학회. pp. 63
  26. 한영근. 2003. 돈사환경 개선 및 분뇨자원화 연구보고서. 농협중앙회축산연구소

Cited by

  1. Effect of Bacillus spp. direct-fed microbial on slurry characteristics and gaseous emissions in growing pigs fed with high fibre-based diets vol.11, pp.02, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731116001415