동굴 (Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea)

  • 제68호
  • /
  • Pages.99-120
  • /
  • 2005
  • /
  • 2092-5344(pISSN)
한국동굴학회 (The Speleological Society)
권호 표지

한국 Pediment 지형의 연구성과에 관한 비판과 문제점

Critical Comments on Akagki's Pediment Morphology in Korea

  • 발행 : 2005.09.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

It is a wrong decision to use only topographic and geological maps for the study of pediment morphology in Korea. For the study of pediment morphology it is necessary to survey the earth structure by field techniques. In Korea, pediments are mostly found in granite areas with hardrock cover. But, pediments also developed in gneiss areas and what is worse in limestone areas. So, all areas in Korea developed pediment morphology. Only in South Korea pediments show a direction from south to north or from west to east. They developed only in right angles to each other, either parallel or in right angles to the strike, depending on the bedrock structure. Pediments are found in two levels. The upper level pediments are correlated with the lower level erosion surface. Besides this pediments are found in Hoenggye-ri of the Taegwolryong area in a third level 800m above sea level. The pediments developed in basins, at the lower margins of steep slopes dividing three levels of erosion surfaces and around the residual mountains on the erosion surfaces. The first belong to the early stage of pedimentation, the second to the middle stage and the third to the last stage. Also, in Korea monadnock and residual mountain have developed the pediments are correlated the slope of the hinter mountains. Akagki states that the only pedimentation times have been times of arid climate and that they are dissected by gulley erosion with climatic change, but writer's study proves that pedimentation takes place with eustatic movement, reckless defore-station and convectional rain. These facts indicate that the landforms, geological character and process of erosional cycle of the pediments in Korea resemble much those in the Chugoku Mountains of south wertern Japan, but they are larger in scale than those in the Chugoku Mountains. In conclusion, while Akagki emphasizes the geological character and climatic change in pedimentation, the writer studies prove that eustatic movements, especially the sea level rise after the Wurm age are important factors for pedimentation. Besides this the author's studies allow a classification of gentle slopes.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. 고의장 : 1965 한국 산록사면에 관한 연구, 경희대 석사논문집, 서울
  2. 김상호 : 1966 한강하류의 저위 침식면지형 연구, 서울대 출판부, 서울
  3. 박노식 : 1958 한국 선상지연구, 경희대논문집, 서울
  4. 장재훈 : 1966 산록완사면 지형에 대한 연구, 지리학 2호, 서울
  5. 장재훈 : 1972 남원지역의 산록완사면 연구, 지리학 7호, 서울
  6. 多田文男 : 1972 한국에서 볼 수 있는 암괴류, 동북지리 22권 3호, 일본
  7. 三野興吉 : 1942 지형원론, 고금서원, 동경
  8. 赤木祥彦 : 1960 斜面形の研究, 廣島大修士論文, 일본
  9. 赤木祥彦 : 1961 宮崎縣鹿川盆地の地形, 지리과학 1호, 동경
  10. 赤木祥彦 : 1961 中園山地のpediment, 지리학평론 34권, 동경
  11. 赤木祥彦 : 1962 安藝山地のpediment, 지리과학 35권, 동경
  12. 赤木鮮彦 : 1964 陸前 高田のpediment, 지리과학 38권, 동경
  13. 赤木祥彦 : 1965 闘東地方の山麓緩斜面, 지리학평론 38권 1호, 동경
  14. 赤木祥彦 : 1965 朝鮮のpediment, 지리학평론 38권 11호, 동경
  15. 赤木祥彦 : 1966 阿讃山地のpediment, 지리과학 40권, 동경
  16. 赤木祥彦 : 1966 中園山地の化石 周氷河地形, 동북지리 18권, 仙室
  17. 赤木祥彦 : 1970 日本におけるpediment地形, 지리학평론 43권 2호, 동경
  18. 赤木祥彦 : 1970 pediment地形의 諸問題, 지리과학 44권, 동경
  19. 赤木祥彦 : 1971韓園光州市附近의 pedimentと 岩塊流,동북지리 23권, 仙蓋
  20. 赤木祥彦 ; 1975 氣候の乾燥化 謹擦としで東 Asia의 開析とpediment, 지학잡지 84권, 동경
  21. 大矢雅彦 : 1971 韓閣の自然, 지리 16권 11호, 동경
  22. 藤則雄 : 1975 彌生期の氣候, 지리 20권 3호, 동경
  23. Yoshihiko, Akagi : 1970 Pediment in the Taean Peninsula and the Yeongsan River Basin, Korea Institute of Geogr. FacuIty of Science, Tohoku Univ. Japan
  24. P. Berkey and F. Morris : 1927 The Geology of Monglia-Natural History of Central Asia II, pp. 323-351
  25. J. Bigarella and M. Mousinho : 1966 Slope Development in Southeastern and Southern Brazil, Zeitschrift fur Geomorph., Bd. 10, pp. 150-160
  26. P. birot et J. Dresch : 1966 Pediments et Glacis dans I'Quest des Etats-Unis, Annales de Geog. No. 411, pp. 513-552
  27. E. Blackwelder : 1931 Rock-cut Surfaces in Desert Ranges. Journ. Geol. vol. 20, pp. 442-450 https://doi.org/10.1086/621989
  28. W. bradely : 1940 Pediment and Pedistal in Miniature, Journ. of Geomoprph. vol. 3, pp. 244-255
  29. K. bryan: 1922 Erosion and Sedimentation in the Papago Country, Arizona., BuIl. U. S. Geol.Survey, vol. 730, pp. 19-90
  30. K. Bryan : 1925 The Papago Country Arizona, U.S. Geol. Survey, Water Supply Paper, vo;. 499, 436pp
  31. K. Bryan : 1926 The San Pedro Valley and the Geographic
  32. K. Bryan: 1940 The Retreat of Slope, Annals, A. A. G., vol. 30, pp. 254-268 https://doi.org/10.1080/00045604009357208
  33. K. Bryan and f. McCann : 1936 successive Pediments and Terraces of the Upper Rie Puer, New Mexico Jour. of Geol., vol. 44, pp. 145-172 https://doi.org/10.1086/624414
  34. J. budel : 1965 Klirna-genetische Geomorphologe, Geographische Rundschau. Bd. 15, pp. 269-855
  35. O. Childs: 1948 Geomorphology of the Valley of the Little Colorados river, Arizona, Bull. Geol. Soc.Amer., vol. 58, pp. 353-388
  36. W. Davis : 1930 Rock Floors in Arid and in Humid Climate, Journ. of Geol., vol. 38, pp' 127, 136-159 https://doi.org/10.1086/623696
  37. W. Davis : 1933 Granitic Domes of the Mohave Desert, Calif. Trans. San-Diego Society of Natural History - vol. 7, pp. 211-258
  38. A. dedkov : 1965 Das Problem der Oberflachen-verebmmgen, Petermanns, Geogr. Mitteil., Bd. 109, pp. 258-264
  39. C. Denny: 1941 Quanternary Geology of the San Acacia Area, New Mexico, Journ. of Geol. vol. 49 pp. 225-260 https://doi.org/10.1086/624960
  40. J. Dresch : 1957 Pediments et Glacis D'erosion. Pediplains et inselbergs, Inf. Geographique, pp. 183-196
  41. T. Fair : 1948 Hillslope and Pediments of Semiarid Karroo, S. Africa Geog. Journ, vol. 30 pp. 71-79 https://doi.org/10.1080/03736245.1948.10559261
  42. T. Fair : 1947 Slope Fonn and Development in the Interior of Natal, S. Africa Tr, Geol. Soc. S. Africa, vol. 50, pp. 105-118
  43. G. Gilbelt : 1877 Reporton the Geology of the Henry Mountains, Utah, U. S. Geographical and Geological Survey, Rocky Mountain Region. pp. 1-160
  44. J. Giiluly : 1973 Physiography of the Ajo Region, Arizoan, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 48, pp. 327-348
  45. C. Higgins : 1953 Miniature Pediment near Clistoga, California, Journ. of Geol., vol. 61, pp. 461-465 https://doi.org/10.1086/626113
  46. T. Hilton : 1966 The Accra Plains : Landforms of a Coastal Savanna of Ghana, Zeitesrift. fur Geomorph., Bd. 10, pp. 369-386
  47. D. Johnson : 1931 Planes of Lateral Corrasion, Science, vol. 73, pp. 174-177 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.73.1885.174
  48. D. Johnson : 1932 A Rock Fans of Arid Regions, Amer. Journ. of Sci. 5th ser. vol. 23, pp. 286-416
  49. D. Johnson : 1932 Rock Plane of Arid Regions, Geog. Rev. vol. 22, pp. 656-665 https://doi.org/10.2307/208820
  50. L. King : 1953 Canons of Landscape Evolution, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 64. pp. 21-751
  51. L. King : 1962 Morphology of the Earth, Oliver and Boyd. London
  52. T. Langford-Smith and G. Dury : 1964 A Pediment Survey at Middle Pinnacle, near Broken Hill, New South Wales, Journ. of the Geol. Soc of Australia, vol. 11, pp. 79-88 https://doi.org/10.1080/00167616408728561
  53. A Lawson : 1915 Epigene Profiles of the Desert, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 9, pp. 23-48
  54. W. Lee ; 1900 The Origin of the Debris Covered Mesas of Boulder, Colorado, Journ. of Geol. vol. 8, pp. 504-511
  55. D. Leet and S. Judson : 1954 Physical Geology, Prentice-Hall, New York
  56. J. Mabbutt : 1955 Pediment Landform in Little Namaqualand, S. Africa, Geog. Journ. vol. 121, pp. 77-83
  57. J. Mammerich : 1964 Quantitative Observation on Pediments in the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts, Amer. Journ. of Sci., vol. 262. pp. 417-435 https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.262.4.417
  58. W. McGee: 1897 Sheetflood Erosion, bull. Geol. Soc. of Amer. vol. 8, pp. 87-112
  59. H. Mensching : 1958 Glacis-Fussflache-Pediment, Zeitschrift fur Geomorph. Bd. 2, pp. 165-186
  60. A Miller : 1961 climate and the Geographic, Cycle, Geography, vol. 46. pp. 185-197
  61. G. Mistardis : 1649 Some Remarks on Pediment Surfaces and Detrital Deposits in Southwestern Iberia and Southern Egeid(Aegeis), C. R. Congress Lisbonne. vol. II, pp. 132-136
  62. C. Ollier and W. Tuddenham : 1962 Slope Development at Coover Pedy, Journ. Geol. Soc. of Australia, vol. 9, pp. 91-105 https://doi.org/10.1080/00167616208728518
  63. J. Pallister : 1956 Slope Development in Buganda, Geog. Journ., vol. 122, pp. 80-87 https://doi.org/10.2307/1791478
  64. R. Perry : 1966 Inselberg and Knickpoints in Southwertern Arizona, Zeitschrift fur Geomorph., Bd. 10, pp. 217-225
  65. L. Rav and J. Smith : 1941 Geology of the Moreno Valley, New Mexico, Bull. Geol. Soc. of Amer., vol. 52. pp. 177-210 https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-52-177
  66. B. Ruxton L. Berry : 1961 Note on Faceted Slopes ; Rock Fan and Dome on Granite in the East Central Sudan, Amer. Journ. of Sci. vol. 259, pp. 194-205 https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.259.3.194
  67. S. Schumm : 1956 The Role of Creep and Rainwash on the Retreat of Badland Slope, Amer. Journ. of Sci. pp. 693-706
  68. S. schumm: 1962 Erosion on Miniature Pediment in Badland National South Dakota. bull. Geol. Soc. of Amer. vol. 73, pp. 719-724 https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[719:EOMPIB]2.0.CO;2
  69. R. Sharp : 1940 Geomorphology of the Ruby-East Humboldt Range, Nevada, Bull, Geo. Soc. of Amer. vol. 51, pp. 337-371 https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-51-337
  70. K. Smith : 1958 Erosional Processes and Landform in Badlands National Movement, South Bull, Dakota. Geol. Soc. of Amer., vol. 69, pp. 975-1008 https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1958)69[975:EPALIB]2.0.CO;2
  71. W. Tanner: 1956 Parallel slope Retreat in Humid Climate, Tr. Amer. Geomorph.. Union, vol. 137 pp. 605-607
  72. b. Tator 1952 Piedmont Interstream Surfaces of the colorado Springs Region, colorado, Bull, Geol. Soc. of Amer., vol. 63, pp. 255-277 https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1952)63[255:PISOTC]2.0.CO;2
  73. B. Tator 1952-3 Pediment Characteristics and Terminology, Annales AAG., vol. 42, 43 pp. 259-317, 47-53
  74. W. Thornbury 1954 Principles of Geomorphologs, John Wiley and Sons, New York
  75. H. Toya : 1967 Some Notes on the Pediment Landform in the South-eastern Part of the Kapti Plain, Kenya, Geographical Reports of Tokyo Metropolitan University, No.2, pp. 41-46
  76. Y. Tuan : 1959 Pediments in Southeastern Arizona, Univ. of Calif. Press
  77. E. Wahlstrom : 1947 Cenozoic Physiographic History of the Front Range, Colorado, Bull. Geol. soc. of Amer., vol. 58, pp. 551-572 https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1947)58[551:CPHOTF]2.0.CO;2
  78. T. Wako : 1966 chronological Study on Gentle Slope Formation in Northest Japan, Sci. Pept. Tohoku Univ. 7 ser. (Geogr.), no. 15, pp. 56-94
  79. A Wood : 1942 The Development of Hillside Slope, Tr. Geol. Assoc. vol. 53, pp. 128-138 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7878(42)80019-X