The Clinical Manifestation and Diagnosis of COPD

COPD의 임상소견 및 진단

  • Kang, Kyung Ho (Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine)
  • 강경호 (고려대학교 의과대학 내과)
  • Published : 2005.07.30

Abstract

Keywords

References

  1. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020. Lancet 1997;349:1498-504 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07492-2
  2. American Thoracic Society. Standards for diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995:152(Suppl):S77-S121
  3. Siafakas NM, Vermeire P, Pride NB, Paoletti P, Gibson J, Howard P, et al. Optimal assessment and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Eur Resir J 1995:8:1398-420 https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.95.08081398
  4. Celli BR, MacNee W. Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper. Eur Resir J 2004:23:932-46 https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.04.00014304
  5. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease. NHLBI/ HO workshop report. No. 2701. Bethesda, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, April 2001
  6. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease. NHLBI/ WHO workshop report. Bethesda, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, April 2004. Available from: www.goldcopd.com
  7. National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions. National clinical guideline on management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adult in primary and secondary care. Thorax 2004:59(Suppl):1-232
  8. Calverley PM. The GOLD classification has advanced understanding of COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004:170:211-2 https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2405008
  9. Kerstjens HA. The GOLD classification has not advanced understanding of COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004:170:212-3 https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2405010
  10. Vestbo J, Lange P. Can GOLD stage 0 provide information of prognostic value in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002:166:329-32 https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2112048
  11. Celli BR, Cote CG, Marin JM, Casanova C, Montes de Oca M, Mendez RA, et al. The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and excercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2004:350:1005-12 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa021322