Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Elderly Patients Older Than 75 Years

75세 이상 고령환자의 관상동맥우회로술

  • Yoo Dong Gon (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim Chong Wook (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Park Chong Bin (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Choo Suk Jung (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee Jae Won (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Song Meong Gun (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Song Hyun (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
  • 유동곤 (강릉아산병원 흉부외과, 울산대학교 의과대학) ;
  • 김종욱 (강릉아산병원 흉부외과, 울산대학교 의과대학) ;
  • 박종빈 (강릉아산병원 흉부외과, 울산대학교 의과대학) ;
  • 주석중 (서울아산병원 흉부외과, 울산대학교 의과대학) ;
  • 이재원 (서울아산병원 흉부외과, 울산대학교 의과대학) ;
  • 송명근 (서울아산병원 흉부외과, 울산대학교 의과대학) ;
  • 송현 (서울아산병원 흉부외과, 울산대학교 의과대학)
  • Published : 2005.12.01

Abstract

Background: The number of elderly patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is increasing. Elderly patients are at increased risk for a variety of perioperative complications and mortality. We identified determinants of operative complications and mortality in elderly patients undergoing CABG. Material and Method: Between January 1995 and July 2003, 91 patients older than 75 years underwent isolated CABG at Asan Medical Center. There were 67 men and 24 women with mean age of $77.0\pm2.4$ years. Thirty clinical or hemodynamic variables hypothesized as predictors of operative mortality were evaluated. Result: CABG was performed under emergency conditions in 5 patients. The internal thoracic artery was used in 85 patients and 10 patients received both internal thoracic arteries. The mean number of distal anastomosis was 3.7 per patient. Operative mortality was $3.3\%$. Twenty-two patients had at least one major postoperative complication. Low cardiac output syndrome was the most common complication, followed by reoperation for bleeding, pulmonary dysfunction, perioperative myocardial infarction, stroke, acute renal failure, ventricular arrhythmia, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, infection, and delayed sternal closure. None were the predictors of mortality. Renal failure, peripheral vascular disease, emergency operation, recent myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, New York Heart Association (HYHA) class III or IV, Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) angina scale III or IV, and low left ventricle ejection fraction below $40\%$ were univariate predictors of overall complications. Actuarial probability of survival was $94.9\%,\;89.8\%,\;and\;83.5\%$ at postoperative 1, 3 and 5 years respectively. During the follow-up period $93.3\%$ of patients were in NYHA class I, or II and $91.1\%$ were free from angina. Conclusion: Although operative complication is increased, CABG can be performed with an acceptable operative mortality and excellent late results in patients older than 75 years.

배경: 관상동맥우회로술을 받는 고령환자가 증가하는 추세이다. 고령환자는 비교적 높은 수술합병증과 사망률을 보인다. 관상동맥우회로술을 받은 고령환자의 수술사망과 합병증에 영향을 주는 위험인자를 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법: 1995년 1월부터 2003년 7월까지 서울 아산병원에서 관상동맥우회로술을 시행 받은 75세 이상의 고령환자 91명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 남자가 67명이었고 여자는 24명이었다. 평균나이는 $77{\pm}2.4$세로 75세에서 88세까지 분포했다. 30종류의 임상적, 혈 역학적 변수를 수술사망 및 합병증에 영향을 추는 위험인자로 가정하고 이들의 연관성을 분석하였다. 걸과: 5명의 환자에서 응급수술을 시행하였다. 85명의 환자에서 내흉동맥을 사용하였고 10명의 환자에서는 양측 내흉동맥을 사용하였다. 원위부문합 수는 평균 3.7개였다. 수술사망률은 $3.3\%$ (3/91)였다. 22명의 환자에서 최소한 한 가지 이상의 합병증이 발생하였다. 저심박출증후군이 9예$(9.9\%)$로 가장 많았으며 출혈로 인한 재수술 6예$(6.6\%)$, 폐부전 5예$(5.5\%)$, 심근경색증 4예$(4.4\%)$, 뇌졸중 3예$(3.3\%)$, 급성신부전 3예$(3.3\%)$, 심실성 부정맥 2예$(2.2\%)$, 상부위장관 출혈 2예$(2.2\%)$, 감염 2예$(2.2\%)$, 그리고 지연흉골봉합이 1예$(1.1\%)$였다. 통계상으로 수술사망과 연관이 있는 위험인자는 없었고 신부전, 말초혈관질환, 응급수술, 최근의 심근경색증, 울혈성심부전, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III 또는 IV, Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) 협심증 III 또는 IV, 그리고 $40\%$ 이하의 저심박출계수가 전체적인 합병증에 영향을 주는 위험인자로 분석되었다. 1년, 3년, 5년 생존율은 각각 $94.9\%,\;89.8\%,\;83.5\%$였다. 추적관찰 중 $93.3\%$의 환자가 NYHA class I 또는 II였고 $91.1\%$의 환자는 협심증 증상이 없었다. 결론: 75세 이상 고령환자에서 관상동맥우회로술은, 합병층 발생이 다소 높기는 하지만 만족스러운 수술사망률과 우수한 장기결과를 보여주어 선택적 환자에서 적극적으로 시행할 수 있다.

Keywords

References

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