Pedological Characteristics of Asian Dust in Korea

한국에 강하한 황사의 토양학적 특성

  • Zhang, Yong-Seon (National Institute of Highland Agriculture, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Yoo-Hak (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Sonn, Yeon-Kyu (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Gye-Jun (National Institute of Highland Agriculture, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Myung-Sook (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Sun-Kwan (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Weon, Hang-Yeon (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Joa, Jae-Ho (National Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, RDA) ;
  • Eom, Ki-Cheol (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Sang-Hyo (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Kwak, Han-Kang (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Han-Myeong (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA)
  • 장용선 (농촌진흥청 고령지농업연구소) ;
  • 김유학 (농촌진흥청 농업과학기술원) ;
  • 손연규 (농촌진흥청 농업과학기술원) ;
  • 이계준 (농촌진흥청 고령지농업연구소) ;
  • 김명숙 (농촌진흥청 농업과학기술원) ;
  • 김선관 (농촌진흥청 농업과학기술원) ;
  • 원항연 (농촌진흥청 농업과학기술원) ;
  • 좌재호 (농촌진흥청 난지농업연구소) ;
  • 엄기철 (농촌진흥청 농업과학기술원) ;
  • 김상효 (농촌진흥청 농업과학기술원) ;
  • 곽한강 (농촌진흥청 농업과학기술원) ;
  • 김한명 (농촌진흥청 농업과학기술원)
  • Received : 2005.10.19
  • Accepted : 2005.11.23
  • Published : 2005.12.30

Abstract

Asian dust was collected in Korea and soils in the arid area of northern China were analysed for its physical and chemical properties, and mineral compositions for in order to interpret the origin of Aeolian soils and estimate the effect of dust wind on the soil environment in Korea. Asian dust was collected at Suwon in Korea from 2002 to 2004. Soil samples were collected from the desert and Loess plateaus around Gobi desert in China. As a result of analysis of desert soil distributed on northern region and Loess soils in China, it was observed that soil pH was about 9, organic matter 11 to $23g\;kg^{-1}$, and CEC 7.1 to $18.4cmolc\;kg^{-1}$, showing a high spatial variation among different sampling locations. About 62 to 80% of particles were composed of quartz and feldspars, 2 to 14% calcite ($CaCO_3$) and dolomite [$Ca{\cdot}Mg(CO_3)_2$], and trace other clay minerals. All the dust particles in Korea were below 50 m in diameter, and the mineral compositions were quartz, mica, feldspar and some clay minerals. Major components of clay mineral of Asian dust was mainly illite as compared to the kaolin of soils in Korea. The base saturation of exchangeable Ca, Mg, K and Na in the Asian dust was above 250% due to the high content calcite. Most of upland soil in Suwon was thin and sharp type, but Asian dust in Korea was the spherical shape. Asian dusts in Suwon, Korea, did not show a definite mineralogical variation of the dust during the collection period. Difference between the Asian dust collected in Korea and the soils in arid area of China was observed in the physical and chemical properties, especially for particle size distribution, cations such as Ca, Mg, K and Na. However, some similarities were found on the mineral compositions and chemical properties between Asian dust collected in Korea and the loess of China.

황사가 토양환경에 미치는 영향을 평가하고 우리나라 풍적모재 토양의 기원을 해석하기 위하여 2002년부터 2004년 사이에 채취한 국내 황사를 중국 북부건조지대 및 황토지대 토양의 광물조성과 물리 화학적 특성을 비교하였다. 중국 북부 건조지대 및 황토지대 토양의 화학적 특성은 pH 8.3-9.0, 유기물 $11-23g\;kg^{-1}$, CEC $7.1-18.4cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$으로 채취지역별로 차이를 보였다. 토양의 광물조성은 석영과 장석류를 주광물로하고 석회석, 백운석, 점토광물을 소량으로 수반하고 있었다. 국내에 강하한 황사의 입자 크기는 $50{\mu}m$ 이하 이었으며, 황사의 주요한 점토광물은 illite로 우리나라 일반농경지 토양에 비하여 illite 함량이 많고 kaolin은 적었다. 황사의 염기포화도가 약 260%로 과포화를 보이는 것은 황사 중 탄산염광물의 영향으로 생각된다. 황사의 미세형태는 국내 밭토양 (본량사양토, 수원)에 비하여 원마도 및 분급도가 양호한 구형의 형태를 띠고 있었으며, 강하 황사 중의 광물조성과 성분함량은 채취시기 및 지역별로 큰 차이가 없었다. 우리나라 강하 황사의 입경분포, 치환성 양이온 등 이화학적 특성은 중국 북부 건조지대 토양과는 차이가 있었으나 광물조성과 화학적 조성은 중국 황토지대 토양과 유사한 경향을 보였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Chang K. Y., and S. U. Park. 1998. A numerical study on the size and depositions of Yellow sand events. Korean Soc. Atm. Environ. 14:191-208
  2. Duce,R. A.,C. K. Unni, B. J., Ray, J. M. Prospero, andJ. T. Merrill. 1980. Long-range atmospheric transport of soil dust from Asia to the North Pacific; Temporal variability. Science 209:1522-1524 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.209.4464.1522
  3. Griffim, J. J., and E. D. Goldberg. 1962. Clay-mineral distributions in the Pacific ocean. p. 655-727. ln M. N. Hill et al. (ed.) The Sea, Interscience, New York, NY, USA
  4. Ing, G. T. K. 1972. A dust storm over the central China, April 1969. Weather 37:136-145
  5. Iwasaka, Y. 1987. Chemical-physical processes of 'KOSA' particle surface during long-range transport. Tenki 34: 179-182
  6. Kalm, V. E., N. W. Rutter, and C. D. Rokosh. 1996. Clay minerals and their paleoenvironmental interpretation in the Baoji loess section, Southern Loess Plateau, China. Catena 27:49-61 https://doi.org/10.1016/0341-8162(96)00008-2
  7. Liu, T. 1988. Loess in China. 2nd Ed. Spinger-Verlag, Berlin, Germany
  8. MOE. 2002. The effect and countermeasure of Asian dust. Ministry of Environment, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  9. Mizota, C, 1982. Mineralogy of the tropospheric dusts in rainwater collected in Fukuoka, northern Kyishu. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 28:225-234 https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1982.10432439
  10. Peter, B. 1986. Quantitative analysis of sedimentary minerals by powder X-ray diffraction. Powder Diffraction 1:37-39 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0885715600011556
  11. Porter, S. C., Z. S. An, and H. B. Zheng. 1992. Cyclic quaternary alluviation and terracing in a non glaciated drainage basin on the north flank of the Qinling Shan, central China. Quaternary Res. 38:157-169 https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(92)90053-L
  12. Rex, R. W., J. K. Syers, M. L. Jackson, and R. N. Clayton. 1969. Eolian origin of quartz in soils of the Hawaiian islands and in Pacific pelagic sediments. Science 163:277-279 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.163.3864.277
  13. Sakaguchi, Y. A. 1977. A review on dust problems. J. Geogr, Review 50:354-361 https://doi.org/10.4157/grj.50.354
  14. Shaw, G. E. 1980. Transport of Asian desert aerosol to the Hawaiian island. J. Appl. Meteor. 19:1254-1259 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1980)019<1254:TOADAT>2.0.CO;2
  15. Shin, J. S. 1978. Composition and genesis of volcanic ash soils derived from basaltic materials in Jeju. J. Korean Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 9:95-100
  16. Wang, T., H. L. Zhao, and H. L. Xiao. 1999. Advance in sandy desertification study in China, J. Desert Res. 19:299-311
  17. Yang, D., X. Xu, and Y. Wen. 1991. A case study on sandstorm. Acta Meteorologica Sinica 5: 150-159
  18. Zhao, S. 1986. Physical geography of China. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, USA
  19. Zhu, X., Y. Li, X. Peng, and S. Zhang. 1983. Soils of the loess region in China. Geodema 29:237-255 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(83)90090-3
  20. Zhu, Z. D., and T. Wang. 1990. Analysis of desertification evolution trend over past 10 year through the investigation in several representative regions in China. Acta Geographic Sinica 45:430440